The cultural background of Jiaozhou Yangge
Jiaozhou Yangge is also known as "Diyangge" and "Running Yangge"; it is also known as "twisted waist" and "three bends" among the people. It is a traditional dance in Shandong Province. One of the three major Yangge dances. Jiaozhou Yangko has a history of more than 230 years. During the Qing Dynasty, two families named Zhao and Ma from Baoyantun Village in Jiaozhou fled to Guandong in 1764. They begged and sold songs along the way, and gradually formed a form of dancing and singing at the same time. After returning to his hometown, the dance was passed down from generation to generation and continuously improved. By 1863, it had basically taken shape, with certain formulas for dance, singing, and accompaniment. The 10 actors are divided into five roles: drums, sticks, green flowers, and fan girls. The performance programs include cross plum blossoms, large formations, digging out the heart, digging out the heart, and two doors. In addition to the suona, the accompaniment instruments are also There are big gongs, drums, cymbals, small cymbals, hand gongs, etc., and more than 30 singing tunes. After 1860, based on Jiaozhou Yangko, a Yangko opera was created, with 35 scripts. In 1957, Jiaozhou Yangko performed in Beijing and won praise. Later, 150 cultural groups from across the country came to Jiaozhou City to learn Jiaozhou Yangko, and the Beijing National Dance Academy also listed Jiaozhou Yangko as a required course. In the "China's First Yangko Competition" in 1991, Jiaozhou Yangko won the Excellence Award.
"Jiaozhou Yangko" is famous throughout the country for its brilliant artistic charm, and was successfully selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006. Jiaozhou Yangko is one of the three major yangko in Shandong. Its dance, music and melodrama are unique among Chinese yangko groups. However, there is still no conclusion as to when Jiaozhou Yangko originated. The origin of Jiaodong Yangko, urgent
Jiaozhou Yangko is the representative of Jiaodong Yangko.
'Jiaozhou Yangge' has a history of more than 300 years. It is mainly spread in Jimo, Huangdao, Jiaonan, Gaomi and other areas. It is popular in places within a radius of 50 miles around Jiaoxian County, especially in Dagu It is most popular in the river area
Regarding the origin of "Jiaozhou Yangge", there is a legend: long ago there were two families, Li and Wang (some say Feng and Zhao). , they are very close relatives. In times of disaster, these two couples, each with their girl, son, and daughter-in-law, playing flower drums, go out to beg for food. The "Jiaozhou Yangko" started from their costumed performance when begging for food. . It is said that their performances always start with one person saying a few words and then performing some small dramas.
To this day, the dance of the female characters in "Jiaozhou Yangko" still retains the traditional style. Action. Jiaozhou Yangge originally had names such as "Di Yangge", "Running Yangge", "Three Bends", and "Twist the Yao". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in order to distinguish it from Yangge in other areas, it was mainly active in the suburbs of Jiaozhou. Collectively known as "Jiaozhou Yangko"
The basic number of Jiaozhou Yangko performers is 24. If the number of people increases, it must be an even number. The Yangko team needs one or two organizational leaders to be responsible for the entire team. The leader is commonly known as the "Yangko Master". There is also a person who is a coach or an old performer of the Yangko team, called the "Umbrella Leader".
The Umbrella Leader must have quick eyesight, quick thinking, and eloquent skills. Before the performance, some jingles or auspicious words must be recited, and the language must be humorous. In addition, the yangko team must have 3 to 5 coaches who are responsible for training the actors and acting as yangko actors. The characters are divided into five types: "Cuihua", "Fan Girl", "Xiaoman", "Guzi" and "Bangchui". Generally, there are 2 or 4 people for each role, and Cuihua cannot be an odd number. , the movements are generous and stretched during the performance, showing the aggressive, cheerful, generous, yet gentle and demure character of women.
Xiaoman is a young girl, and her movements are innocent, lively and pretty. Both the drum and stick are middle-aged. The music accompaniment of Jiaozhou Yangge generally uses feather-style folk wind and percussion music with beautiful melody, changeable tones, bright rhythm and strong local flavor. Music and dance movements are closely coordinated. The eighth notes used in the music to express the "slow movement and fast recovery" rhythm characteristics of Yangko dance are very typical. The music is used flexibly according to the dance mood. The two are highly harmonious and unified in strength and speed. < /p>
Today, the unique style of Jiaozhou Yangko is even more brilliant. Many foreigners come to Jiaozhou specifically to learn Yangko, and many local old artists are invited to teach their skills. What is even more gratifying is that Jiaozhou Yangko has been classified as an art. Dance teaching materials in colleges and universities have become required courses for folk dance in art colleges across the country. The cultural background of Jiaozhou Yangko
Jiaozhou Yangko, which has both singing and dancing, is also known as "ground Yangko" and "running Yangko"; it is also known as "twisting off" among the people. Yao" and "Three Bends" are one of the three major yangko dances in Shandong Province.
Jiaozhou Yangko has a history of more than 230 years. In the Qing Dynasty, two families named Zhao and Ma from Baoyantun Village in Jiaozhou fled to Guandong in 1764. They begged and sold songs along the way, and gradually formed a form of dancing and singing at the same time. After returning to his hometown, the dance was passed down from generation to generation and continuously improved. By 1863, it had basically taken shape, with certain formulas for dance, singing, and accompaniment.
The 10 actors are divided into five roles: drums, sticks, green flowers, and fan girls. The performance programs include cross plum blossoms, large formations, positive heart digging, reverse heart digging, two doors, etc. In addition to the suona, the accompaniment instruments include gongs, drums, cymbals, small cymbals, hand gongs, etc., and there are more than 30 singing tunes. After 1860, based on Jiaozhou Yangko, a Yangko opera was created, with 35 scripts.
In 1957, Jiaozhou Yangko performed in Beijing and won praise. Later, 150 cultural groups from across the country came to Jiaozhou City to learn Jiaozhou Yangko, and the Beijing National Dance Academy also listed Jiaozhou Yangko as a required course.
In the "China's First Yangko Competition" in 1991, Jiaozhou Yangko won the Excellence Award. "Jiaozhou Yangko" is famous throughout the country for its brilliant artistic charm, and was successfully selected into the national intangible cultural heritage list in 2006.
Jiaozhou Yangko is one of the three major yangko in Shandong. Its dance, music and melodrama are unique among Chinese yangko groups. However, there is still no conclusion as to when Jiaozhou Yangko originated.
[Edit this paragraph] An exploration of the birthplace of "Qingdao Cultural Chronicles" says that the birthplace of Jiaozhou Yangko is Madiandong Xiaotun. The contributor raised objections, and later the author told me that when compiling the "Jiaozhou Cultural Chronicle" and collecting information, he found that the twelve "Yangli" poems written by Song Guanwei, a Jinshi scholar from Jiaozhou in the ninth year of Xianfeng (1859), were seven-character quatrains, respectively. The six professions (actors) of Jiaozhou Yangge were comprehensively described. Later, "Jiaozhou Cultural Records" revised the formation date of Jiaozhou Yangge to the third year of Xianfeng (1853), and its definite date should be between 1854 and 1858. The author grew up in the hometown of Yangko by the Dagu River in Jiaozhou. My love for Yangko has prompted me to conduct more detailed research and research on the origin, development, form, and content of Jiaozhou Yangko in the past 20 years. I have put forward the following opinions for your reference. Let’s discuss it.
1. Based solely on the dates when the twelve poems by Guanwei of the Song Dynasty were written, there is no other evidence. 2. According to the Qianlong edition of "Jiaozhou Chronicles": "In the Yuan Dynasty, lights were lit, dramas were presented, and the night was noisy."
The Zhizhi was written in 1752. After checking various materials, it was found that there was no Zaju in Jiaozhou before 1752. The "zaju" in the book should refer to Jiaozhou Yangge Opera.
3. "Jiaozhou City Cultural Chronicle" records that "Ma and Zhao, two surnames in Dongxiaotun, abandoned their homes and went to Guandong. On the way to escape from famine, they changed from begging and singing to dancing and singing, and gradually formed some Simple dance routines and minor tunes with local Jiaozhou colors were passed down from generation to generation after they returned to their hometown, refined and processed, and by the middle of the Qing Dynasty, they gradually became the final form of dance Yangko." This theory ignores the key issue of the word "Yangko" origin.
Yangge, originated from agricultural labor, is a labor ditty sung by working people in the south when planting rice. The reason why Jiaozhou has Southern Yangko is because Jiaozhou was the largest port in the north during the Tang and Song Dynasties.
During the Northern Song Dynasty, it was the only wharf in the north with a shipping department and had close ties with the south of the Yangtze River. With the exchange of business and trade with the south, the culture and art of the south, such as Yangko and other labor songs, were also spread to the north.
Jiaozhou Yangko should be a new art form formed by introducing local tunes from the south of the Yangtze River and absorbing the essence of northern dramas. In terms of art form and category, Jiaozhou Yangko is a kind of drama, not just dancing and singing.
It has a script, props, tunes, and actors with their own professions. It is a lively song and dance drama. Such a local opera with diverse forms and rich cultural connotations could not have been formed in a remote village with less than a hundred households, but should have emerged around Jiaozhou's maritime culture.
From the analysis of its tunes, trades and other artistic factors, the formation of Jiaozhou Yangko has gone through a relatively long process. It is related to the drama and tune singing since the Southern Song Dynasty. The author based on the tunes, roles, and It can be inferred from factors such as performance form and regional cultural characteristics that Jiaozhou Yangko is closely related to Yuan drama, and its origin should be at least in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. An important evidence that Jiaozhou Yangge opera is related to Zaju is the performance form of Jiaozhou Yangge opera.
Jiaozhou Yangko is a continuous visible performance form in all directions of the square (street). The actors perform in front of an audience called Zhou. According to research, this form of performance comes from early drama.
Gu Xuejie wrote "Yuan and Ming Zaju": "In recent years, no less than a dozen stage ruins from the Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties have been discovered in the border areas of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan. The earliest one is called 'Wuting' , is a pavilion built on a terrace that can be watched by audiences from all sides. ”
This shows that the predecessor of Chinese drama developed from folk square performing arts. Jiaozhou Yangge Opera retained its square art (street) form until the beginning of liberation. Later, literary and artistic workers continued to learn from its performing art form, while deleting the drama part from the performance part with complete content. The most representative part It was forgotten by people, but the only glimpse of its ancient form is the dance part before the performance.
The second important evidence that Jiaozhou Yangko is related to Zaju is the role trade. "The roles (professions) of actors in Yuan Zaju can be divided into four major categories, namely Mo, Dan, Jing (including Chou), and Za. Mo and Dan are the main categories, and each category is divided into many details ( "Yuan and Ming Zaju" written by Gu Xuejie)
Actors also have roles (professions) in Jiaozhou Yangge Opera. Their roles are: Xiaoman (Huadan), Shan (Huadan and Qingyi), Cuihua (Qingyi). (Jianlao Dan), Bangchui (mo, which is now Xiaosheng and Wusheng), Guzi (Laosheng and Chou), Plasterer (Miscellaneous).
The roles of the actors in the Yuan Zaju are strikingly similar to the actors in the Jiaozhou Dayang Opera, and they are also very consistent with the characteristics of that era. This is not a coincidence, but a direct message conveyed to us by that era.
Wang Guowei gave a general explanation in "Yu Lun": "Chinese drama, since the Han and Wei dynasties, has been combined with Baixi. In the Tang Dynasty, it was divided into two types: song and dance drama and comedy. In the Song Dynasty, comedy You Sheng gradually used songs and dances to decorate the story, so the song and dance drama, no. Jiaozhou Incident, also known as "The Boxer Bandit". "The Chief Cult". It was written in the early years of the Republic of China.
The author lived in Jiaozhou in his early years, and this book is based on what he saw and heard.
It describes the occurrence of the "Caozhou Mission Case" (also known as the "Juye Mission Case") in the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1897), the specific process of the German imperialists forcibly sending troops to occupy Jiaozhou Bay, and the subsequent atrocities committed by the German troops, etc., and points out: " ...The robbery of Jiaozhou was a tragedy unprecedented in the five thousand years since the founding of our country, and it was the starting point of the danger of our country's destruction." And all countries followed suit. "The fathers and sons of our country blamed the culprit, and all hated the virtuous people for taking Jiaozhou." This shows Strong patriotic sentiment. In addition, the book also touches upon the Boxer activities.
There is some research on the "Caozhou Mission Plan", the German occupation of Jiao'ao and the reasons for the rise of the Boxer Movement in Shandong. Reference value. Included in the first volume of the "Special Issue on Modern History Materials·Historical Materials on the Boxer Rebellion" by the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (published by China Social Sciences Press).
Jiaozhou Yangge is also known as local Yangko and Pao Yangge. Yangge, known locally as Twist the Yao and Three Bends, is one of the Han folk dances in Shandong Province and one of the three major Yangge. Jiaozhou Yangge has a history of more than 230 years. In the Qing Dynasty, Jiaozhou Baoyantun had two surnames: Zhao and Ma. The family fled Guandong in 1764, begging and selling songs along the way, and gradually formed a form of dancing and singing. After returning to their hometown, it was improved over the years. By 1863, the dance, singing, and accompaniment all had a certain historical development.
Yangko dance originated from ancient agricultural labor. The working people of the Han nationality worked hard in the fields to plant rice and cultivate the fields. During the labor of the fields, they used gongs and drums to cheer up. In fact, as early as the Song Dynasty, people sang Yangko during farming. Records. Later, people continued to enrich and develop the forms, songs and dances used by farmers to entertain themselves after work. Today, there are roughly three types of Yangko: singing and dancing in a narrow sense. It only refers to Yangko dance. Later, Yangko dance developed into a singing style and dance style, but due to the differences in geographical environment and people's feelings, it showed different style characteristics. For example, the Yangko dance in northern Shaanxi is strong and clear, free and unrestrained, and the Yangko dance in Northeast China is lively and lively. , humorous and pretty, Shandong Yangko is bold, bold, and generous.
In addition to retaining the traditional twists, stilts, waist drums, flower sticks, and land boats, the current Yangko dance style also adds modern dance, Ski dance, fan dance, lantern dance, etc. The music of Yangko has evolved from more traditional folk music, such as suona, gongs, drums, cymbals, etc., to electronic music, with different high-tech instruments. Folk music ensembles, rock music, etc. were also added. When will the Jiaozhou Yangko Festival be held in 2012?
Hello! The third Chinese Yangko Festival will be grandly opened in our city in early May. This Yangko Festival has the theme of "Dragon Dance in the Golden Age" and the event time has been extended from 3 days in the previous two festivals to one month. During the period, ten major activities will be held, including a large-scale theme party, a national intangible cultural heritage production exhibition, a national high-quality yangko performance, and a national fitness yangko competition for middle-aged and elderly people.
Among them, a large-scale theme party will be held on May 25 in Jiaozhou Sanlihe Park. At that time, the famous singer Tan Jing will be invited to sing the theme song of the Chinese Yangko Festival, and many representative Yangko teams from across the country will perform on the stage. The National Intangible Cultural Heritage Production Exhibition will be held at the Chinese Yangko City in Shaohai, Jiaozhou. More than 20 folk artists, including Tianjin clay figure Zhang Chuanren, Beijing inner-painted pot artist, Suzhou embroidery artist, Zhejiang pyrography artist, and Jingdezhen Gongsun Kiln inheritor, will perform live Unique skill. The National High-Quality Yangko Performance will invite a group of outstanding national-level intangible cultural heritage Yangko teams and our city’s outstanding Yangko teams to perform together. The National Fitness Yangko Competition for Middle-aged and Elderly People will attract teams from 30 provinces and cities across the country to participate in the competition and participate in large-scale street parade performances. In addition, activities such as Chinese Yangko Photography Exhibition, National Calligraphy and Painting Masters Invitational Exhibition, Food Culture Week, and Awards Ceremony will also be held. Essay composition for "'Yinghai Cup' Me and Jiaozhou Yangko" prizes is to further explore the profound cultural heritage of Jiaozhou Yangko, expand its influence, and enrich the second China Yangko Festival After studying the connotation, we decided to organize a prize-winning essay competition called "'Yinghai Cup' Me and Jiaozhou Yangko".
The relevant matters are now notified as follows. 1. The sponsors are the Propaganda Department of the Municipal Party Committee, the Municipal Civilization Office, the News Center, the Education and Sports Bureau, the Cultural Bureau, and the Yinghai Sub-district Office. 2. The submission period is from now until May 31, 2010. 3. The submission requirements focus on Jiaozhou Yangko The positive theme highlights the rapid economic and social development of Jiaozhou, displays the profound cultural heritage of Jiaozhou and the good spirit of the citizens. There is no limit on genre and word count.
4. Reward Methods The first, second and third prizes will be awarded in this essay competition. Among them, the first prize is 500 yuan, the second prize is 300 yuan, the third prize is 200 yuan, several commemorative prizes are awarded, and certificates are issued.
Entries must be sent to the email address (jzxcb8070@sina). The author’s name, gender, age, unit, mailing address, contact number, postal code, etc. must be indicated on the work for easy contact. Please mail the paper copy to Room 449, Municipal Government Office Building, No. 1 Beijing Road.
Contact person: Zhang Lianye Tel: 82288160.