According to the Records of Nanhai County, Nanhai County was established in the 33rd year of Qin Shihuang (214 BC) and in the 1th year of Emperor Wendi's reign (59), belonging to guangzhou fu. The South China Sea is known as the "capital county" in Guangdong. In the second year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (628), three bronze Buddha statues preached by Indian monks in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were dug up on Tapogang in Ji Hua Township, Nanhai County. Since then, Ji Hua Township has been named "Foshan". Foshan has gradually become the religious center of the Pearl River Delta, so it is also called "Chancheng". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Foshan Town in Guangdong, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi, Zhuxian Town in Henan and Hankou Town in Hubei were called "four famous towns" in China. At that time, the national commodity distribution center was Beijing in the north, Foshan in the south, Suzhou in the east and Hankou in the west, and it was also called "four big gatherings". In the Qing Dynasty, Guangzhou, Foshan, Chencun, Shunde and Shilong, Dongguan were also called "four famous towns in Guangdong", and were formerly called "province, Buddha, Chen and Long". Foshan ancestral temple was built in Yuanfeng period of the Northern Song Dynasty (178-185), ranking first among the temples in the South China Sea, so it is called "ancestral temple". Zhenwu, the Taoist god of water management, has been respected by Foshan people who lived in the water network area in the past dynasties. The architectural decoration integrates the artistic essence of three sculptures and two sculptures (wood carving, brick carving, stone carving, pottery sculpture and gray sculpture) in Lingnan, and is known as the "Palace of Oriental Folk Art" and "Palace of Lingnan Architectural Art". In 1996, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Guangdong patriotism education base. In 27, Chancheng District of Foshan City elected the ancestral temple Donghua Li, Nanfeng Guzao and Liangyuan as the first batch of historical and cultural blocks in Guangdong Province; Shiwan Town Street, Liyong Village and Luonan Village were elected as the first batch of historical and cultural villages in Guangdong Province. Donghua Lane was originally named "Yangwu Street", which was changed to its present name during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. It is the best-preserved typical Qing dynasty block in Foshan, and it is a rare material for studying Foshan's local history, architectural history and living customs. It was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 21. Zhaoxiang Huanggong Temple was originally the ancestral temple of Huang Zhaoxiang, the founder of the famous Chinese patent medicine "Huangxianghua Ruyi Oil" in Foshan. It is the largest existing ancestral temple complex in Chancheng District, with high historical and artistic value. It was designated as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in 22 and is now the site of Guangdong Cantonese Opera Museum. Foshan Confucius Temple, formerly known as the Confucius Association, was built by a group of Confucius-respecting gentry, including Dai Honghui, in the third year of Qing Xuantong (1911). It is a small commemorative Confucius-respecting activity place. The existing stone carvings of Confucius Temple Monument embedded in the Temple of Confucius were originally collected by Li Keqiong's "Seventy-two Window Buildings". The academy in Xiqiao Mountain flourished in the Ming Dynasty and then in the Qing Dynasty. After Ming Zhengde, there were four academies on the mountain, namely Yungu Academy, Dake Academy, Shiquan Academy and Sifeng Academy. During the Qing Dynasty, there were three academies in Xiqiao, Nanhai, namely Sanhu Academy, Yunxi Academy and Yunying Academy. On June 2, 26, the State Council announced the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage, and six projects in Foshan were selected, including lion dance, Guangdong Cantonese opera (merged), dragon boat rap, woodblock New Year pictures, Guangdong paper-cut (merged) and Shiwan pottery. Cantonese opera has a cloud: "There is no eight harmony, there is auspicious first; There is no auspicious celebration, and there is Qionghua first. " Qionghua Guild Hall is the earliest guild organization of Cantonese Opera, which was established in Dajiwei, Foshan in the late Ming Dynasty. The Red Boat is a common means of transportation and a place for actors to stay in the Cantonese Opera Troupe in Qing Dynasty. Because the hull is painted red, it is called "Red Boat", so Cantonese Opera actors are called "Children of Red Boat". Muyu Song is a kind of folk rap form centered around Foshan and widely circulated in Lingnan area. It was popular in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the songbook of Muyu Song was called Muyu Book. During the Qianlong period, dragon boat songs were produced on the basis of Muyu songs, and at the end of Jiaqing, Muyu and dragon boat derived Nanyin. Muyu, Dragon Boat and Nanyin are the local elements in the formation and development of Cantonese Opera and Cantonese Opera. Before Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Muyu books were published in Foshan and Dongguan, and gradually turned to Guangzhou and Hong Kong after the Republic of China. The bookstores that publish Muyu books in Foshan are: Qinxiang Pavilion, Jinwentang, Tianbao Building, etc. "Autumn color in Foshan" is a traditional folk art activity form in Foshan, and "autumn color" means autumn harvest scenery. In the form of expression, it can be divided into seven categories: light color, car color, horse color, ground color, water color, floating color and scenery. In 1982, a grand autumn activity was held under the auspices of Foshan Municipal Government. Foshan is the cradle of Guangdong music. In the 193s and 197s, Guangdong music flourished in Foshan, with many famous artists. He Langping, one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Guangdong music, Yang Rongyao, Yang Rongzhao and Yang Shaobin, among the musical families, all came from Foshan, and Yang Shaobin's Weaving a Rainbow is popular all over the country and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad. Foshan paper-cut has been produced in a large number of specialized industries in the Ming Dynasty, mainly including: copper lining, paper lining, copper writing, silver writing, woodcut overprint, copper chisel, solid color and other categories. It not only has a rough, bold and simple style, but also has the characteristics of delicacy, delicacy and luxury. Mr. Guo Moruo once praised: "One cut is wonderful, and beauty is immortal among the people." In Qing Dynasty, Hongjia Boxing, Liujia Boxing, Caijia Boxing, Lijia Boxing and Mojia Boxing were called "Five Famous Boxing in Guangdong". Foshan Hongsheng Pavilion was founded in the first year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1851), formerly known as "Foshan Caili Buddha Pavilion". In the early years of Guangxu, Zhang Yan (word Hongsheng), a disciple of Chen Xiang, the founder of Cai Li Foquan, was appointed as the curator and renamed Hongsheng Hall, which trained a large number of martial arts talents. It was one of the martial arts schools with the longest establishment time and the largest number in China and one of the earliest martial arts organizations in China to go to the world. Foshan is the birthplace of the Southern Lion. According to legend, the lion dance originated in the early Ming Dynasty. Foshan's lion-awakening and binding techniques adopt anthropomorphic decorative techniques, with red face and white beard called "Guan Gong Mian", black face and black beard called "Zhang Fei Mian" and yellow face and white beard called "Liu Bei Mian". Foshan New Year pictures include the pictures of door gods and idols, which are collectively called New Year pictures. There are three kinds of original paintings with meticulous brushwork, wood board overprint and meticulous brushwork overprint. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the production of Foshan woodblock New Year pictures entered a peak period, and it was also called "the four major woodblock New Year pictures" with Tianjin Yangliuqing, Suzhou Taohuawu and Shandong Weifang. Foshan woodblock New Year pictures have absorbed traditional techniques such as Foshan paper-cutting, copper chiseling of golden flowers, wood carving, etc. Most of them are overprinted with red, green, yellow and black woodblocks, and some of them are expressed by techniques such as color rendering, goujin and silver painting. Among them, the remarkable feature of Door God paintings is that they use red lead made of Foshan's famous specialty "Yinzhu" as the background color, which is strong and rich, and is known as "Wan Nianhong". In March 23, the state launched the "China Folk Cultural Heritage Rescue Project", and three projects, namely, Foshan Woodcut New Year Pictures in Guangdong, Foshan Paper-cut and Stone Dog in Leizhou, were identified as the first batch of rescue and protection pilot projects in China. There is a traditional activity in the countryside of Shunde, where exquisite wooden cabinets are carried out and music is played while walking, which is very lively. This way of playing is called eight-tone gongs and drums cabinet playing. The most famous industries in Foshan in history are textile, ceramics, casting and traditional Chinese medicine. Foshan Pharmaceutical Industry is known as "the birthplace of Chinese medicine in Lingnan" and "the hometown of Chinese medicine in Guangdong", with numerous famous products, such as "Wanying Baolong Pill" by Liang Zhonghong, "Fengshi Dieda Medicinal Liquor" by Feng Xing, "Wuji Baifeng Pill" by Jingxiutang, "Dieda Liquor" by Liang Caixin, "Suhe Pill" by Chen Liji and Mabai. Xiangyun yarn, a famous specialty of Shunde, is a fabric with high price in the history of China, and is praised as "black shining pearl" by people at home and abroad. After the Opium War, western medicine was introduced to China, and Liang Peiji, a native of Shunde, was the first to turn western medicine into Chinese medicine, making it into ointment, pill, powder, which are commonly used in China, and creating a new world of pharmaceutical manufacturing. In 198, Ruan Shengxiang, an old Chinese medicine practitioner of Leliu Huanglian, started the "Huatianbao" pharmacy, which was the earliest Chinese patent medicine factory in Shunde. Shunde is well-developed, and its Huanglian Wind Furnace, Daliang Comb and Shunde Embroidery are famous in Lingnan. In addition, women and children can make carved bookplates in Magang, Rong Gui, Shunde, and even Jiangsu businessmen have made them to order in Guangdong. The origin of fried piles in "Fried piles are full of gold and silver" is Longjiang, Shunde. In 1873, Chen Qiyuan founded Jichanglong Silk Reeling Factory, the first machine silk reeling factory operated by national capital in China, in his former residence Xiqiao Jiancun, Nanhai. Chen Qiyuan is good at micro-writing, and he can write seven-character quatrains or five-character quatrains on a grain of rice. There is a Shunde delicacy, which is made of flour mixed with lard, south milk, sugar and other ingredients, and looks like a golden butterfly. This delicacy is called Daliang Jumping Sand. "Mulberry leaves feed silkworms, silkworm excrement raises fish, pond mud fattens mulberry, mulberry leaves fertilize silkworms, and silkworm cocoons are abundant", and mulberry, silkworm and fish are recycled, which promote each other and preserve the ecological balance environment. It is a rare artificial ecosystem project in the world, and it is a farming model of mulberry-based fish ponds. Xiqiao Mountain specialties: bergamot, Yunwu tea, snail without a governor (bottom), horseshoe crab (fried horseshoe crab fish), Xiqiao pie and square bamboo. Foshan's strong ceramic culture has cultivated a group of outstanding ceramic art talents. The seven China arts and crafts masters are: Liu Chuan, Crops, Liu Zemian, Liao Hongbiao, Mei Wending, Ceng Liang and Huang Songjian; The four China ceramic artists are Liu Bing, Huo Jiarong, Pan Bailin and Zhong Rurong. Yin Ziwei, the "King of Fanling", was born in Shunde. He is a famous violinist and composer of Cantonese music and one of the "Four Heavenly Kings" of Cantonese music. Ye Wen is a master of Wing Chun in Foshan, who has contributed to the development of Wing Chun overseas. His sons Ye Zhun, Ye Zheng and his disciples Bruce Lee, Huang Chunliang, Xu Shangtian and Liang Xiang not only spread Wing Chun in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, but also spread Wing Chun seeds all over the world. Wu Jianren, one of the representative works of condemnation novels in the late Qing Dynasty, is from Foshan, and his works are often called "I am from Foshan". Wu Rongguang was a scholar in Jiaqing four years in the Qing Dynasty. He served as a political envoy in Fujian and a governor in Hunan. In his spare time, he devoted himself to calligraphy and painting, studied epigraphy, and loved to collect and appreciate. In his later years, he built a "book-giving building" in Dashutang mansion in Foshan to collect rare books given by Emperor Jiaqing. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there have been nine literary champions in Guangdong. Five of them are from Foshan. They are: Jian Wenhui, Zhang Zhenhai, Lun Wenxu, Huang Shijun and Liang Yaoshu. The two martial arts champions in the history of Foshan were Zhu Kezhen, a native of Shunde in the first year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1628); Yao Daning, a native of Nanhai in the fourth year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1799). A couplet in front of the three gates of the ancestral temple in Foshan, "Phoenix-shaped pours out of three places, and dragon potential generates a cave", was written by Li Daiwen, a senior minister of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty. He is from Foshan. Qu Shizu was a native of Shunde in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His Sanzi Jing is one of the most popular children's enlightenment books in the society since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Wen Rushi, assistant minister of the Ministry of Military Affairs in Shunde, Qing Dynasty, was very enthusiastic about the cause of his hometown, among which the preparation for the construction of Sangyuanwei Fund benefited the most, and he was praised as "boundless merits" by the people in Nanhai and Shunde. Ye Shuhua is a Shunde female astronomer who named the newly discovered planet after her own name. In his early years, he studied at Waseda University in Japan and joined the League. He served as Secretary-General of the National Government, Minister of Overseas Department and Minister of the Ministry of Railways. He was a Shunde-born railway hostel. Chinese Wushu is famous in the world. Shunde has produced a famous martial arts star at home and abroad. He founded the famous Jeet Kune Do. The martial arts star is Bruce Lee. "Lingnan engine shaft first model", Xue Guangsen from Longjiang, Shunde successfully produced the first domestic diesel engine in 1915. Zou Boqi, a pioneer of modern science in China, was a pioneer of South China Sea. Zou Boqi is a pioneer of modern science in China. He absorbed foreign scientific knowledge, integrated Chinese and Western, and studied astronomy, surveying, mechanics, optics, mathematics and instrument design and manufacture, leaving behind many works and instruments. In the 24th year of Qing Daoguang (1844), Zou Boqi developed the first camera created by China people themselves. There are four prime ministers in the history of the South China Sea: Ye Qing, a native of Yanfeng, Dapu, da li in the Southern Song Dynasty; Liang Chu, a stone man from Pingzhou, Minghua; Fang Xianfu, a native of Liangdeng Township, Danzao, Jiajing, Ming Dynasty; and Dai Hongci, a Datong in Xiqiao, Guangxu, Qing Dynasty. Dai Hongci is a native of Xiqiao, Nanhai. Born in March of the third year of Xianfeng (1853). Official to the history of the Ministry of Rites, the history of the Ministry of Justice, the minister of military aircraft, and the co-organizer of the university, one of the five ministers who went abroad to inspect politics in the Qing Dynasty, and was the only one in Guangdong who entered the phase by military aircraft since the Qing Dynasty for more than 2 years. In 195, the Qing government sent five ministers, namely Zaize, Dai Hongci and Duanfang, to study politics abroad, which was called "Five Ministers Going Abroad" in history. Huang Feihong, the master of Wulin, was born in Xizhou Village, Xiqiaoling, Nanhai. One of the founders of Kai Tak Airport in Hong Kong is He Qi, a native of Xiqiao, Nanhai. In 1913, Chen Yan, a man from the South China Sea, went to Manila to participate in the first Far East Games and won the long jump championship, becoming the first person in China to win gold medals repeatedly in international sports competitions. Lu Esheng, the first Nanhai county magistrate in the Republic of China, was an advanced and brilliant master of running newspapers. He once founded Qunbao, the 2th Century Military National Ten-Day Newspaper and Tianmin Daily. On the 16th day of the first lunar month, Foshan people have the custom of "helping the poor". In order to pray that "the line will help the economy and there will be no closure." In the past, there were three famous scenic spots in the Pearl River Delta, including the autumn scenery in Foshan, the floating color in Panyu Shawan and the Daliang Fish Lantern in Shunde. Shunde's cooking has always enjoyed a high honor. As the saying goes, "Eat in Guangzhou and cook in Fengcheng. There was a special social phenomenon in Shunde, where women wore a bun and vowed not to marry. This social phenomenon was called self-grooming women. When the silk industry in Shunde declined, some self-grooming girls went to Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Singapore and other places to work as housekeepers for a living. They were experts in housework, took care of children and were proficient in cooking. People used to call them "Sister Ma" in Shunde. In ancient Shunde ancestral hall, pork was usually distributed in the ancestral hall after the sacrificial activities. Generally, everyone saw it, and some places only distributed it to men. People over 6 years old could get double copies, commonly known as "Taicm pork". Posting the door gods is a traditional custom in Foshan. It is important that the faces of the door gods must be opposite, and they can't be mislabeled as back to back. Otherwise, they will be called "posting the wrong door gods" and there will be no peace at home. "Winter Solstice" is one of the 24 solar terms. The traditional custom in Foshan is that every household should kill chickens and ducks, and prepare wine, meat, fruits, cakes and glutinous rice balls to worship their ancestors during the winter solstice, so there is a saying that "Winter Solstice (Winter) is a big New Year". Shunde dragon dance has a strong atmosphere. In the late Ming Dynasty, Zhu Kezhen, the champion of Shunde nationality, integrated martial arts into the dragon dance, using the bench as a tool, making it a dragon and a soldier. This form of dragon dance is called "bench dragon". A folk festival with a history of more than 3 years-Le 'an Lantern Festival is held in Le 'an, Luocun, Nanhai on the ninth day of the first month of each year. On the 15th day of the first month of each year, the official kiln "Lettuce Party" is extremely prosperous, with traditional programs such as lion dance performance and eating raw cabbage buns. April 14th of the lunar calendar is the birthday of Daxian (Lv Dongbin). There are an endless stream of pilgrims in the Yunquan Fairy Museum in Xiqiao Mountain, and there are vendors who gather in Guanshan Fair to perform arts, which is very crowded. During the Lunar New Year, there is a folk custom in Yanbu, Nanhai, to hold a dragon dance on the eleventh day of the first month to pray for a bumper harvest in the New Year. The first match factory founded by national capital in China is Qiaoming Match Factory, which was built in Wenchang Sha, Foshan in 1879 by Japanese returned overseas Chinese who came from Zhaoqing. It produces "Dragon Dance" brand matches, and the pattern of "Dragon Dance" on the cover of matchbox is the first spark in China. In 1988, Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Zhigang named Nanhai, Shunde, Zhongshan and Dongguan "Four Little Tigers of Guangdong" after the "Four Little Tigers of Asia". The leafless well is located at the entrance of Biyun Village, Xiqiao Mountain, and is called "Rising Spring" in geology. This well is rich in water and overflows by gravity. Any leaves falling on the water will be taken away by the current immediately, and the well water will always be clean and leafless. After War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, villagers in Biyun Village of Xiqiao Mountain initiated the establishment of a "Monument to the Anti-Japanese Soldiers and Victims in Xiqiao Mountain, Nanhai County." Stand at a hundred paces