First of all, we should start with the amount of food we feed: it is easier to provide more food to hamsters than to provide less food, because hamsters have the habit of storing food, and if they lack food, they will be very upset. Therefore, if you find that the food bowl is always empty every time you add food, it means that too little food is added. At the same time, you should pay attention to clean up the unfinished food in time, especially the water-containing things such as fruits, to prevent deterioration. However, it is usually not allowed to feed too much at a time to ensure that rats and mice can finish the stored food, and don't leave the food in the buccal bag for too long, otherwise it will cause inflammation of the eye bags. Besides, we should also pay attention to whether the food is too big and sharp. If the food is too big, the mouse will not be able to push it out. Or if the food is too sharp, it will also cause damage to the cheek pouch. At this time, you must seek the help of a professional doctor!
In addition, as far as the season is concerned, the hamster's food collocation should also change with the season.
1, Spring: When you want hamsters to breed, add wheat, pumpkin, carrots, dried fish, cheese, etc. And reduce the types of melon seeds; When you don't want hamsters to be in estrus: feed mainly vegetables and reduce high-protein foods such as walnuts and peanuts.
2. Summer: Eat more fruits and vegetables rich in water and drink more water. Reduce feed.
3, autumn to winter: increase the amount of melon seeds, peanuts, cheese, cream, dried fish, carrots.
Encyclopedia of recipes:
The following recipes are compiled by foreign rat friends, and the names of some foods will be partially biased. I hope that the recipes can be used in combination with the actual situation, and don't be pedantic. Besides, if you don't feed food that doesn't appear in the recipe, don't feed hamsters. If you don't take my advice to feed hamsters, please tell me in the post that the food you feed and your name should be added to dangerous food to follow suit.
Fruit as a snack
1. Apple (seedless)-Apple (seedless)
Pay attention to diet: the high content of potassium ions in apple core will lead to tachycardia, shock or death of hamsters.
2. Banana-Banana
Pay attention to diet: avoid being stuffed into cheek pouch by hamster. Bananas are soft and perishable, which will lead to inflammation of cheek pouches. If possible, it is best to feed dried bananas.
3. Black Strawberry-Blackberry
4. Blueberry seed-Blueberry
Hami melon-Hami melon
6.cherry
7.cranberries/cranberries-Cranberries
8. Raisins (seedless)-Grapes (seedless)
9. litchi-litchi
10. Mango-Mango
1 1. Peach (seedless)-Peach (seedless)
Mulberry raspberry
13. strawberry
Vegetables as supplementary food
1. Fresh bamboo shoots-asparagus
2. Bean sprouts-bean sprouts
3. Chinese cabbage
4. Broccoli
5. Chinese cabbage/pickles-Chinese cabbage (only a small amount can be fed! )
Carrots.-Carrots
7.broccoli-broccoli
Celery-celery
9.chestnut cake
10. Corn-corn
1 1. cucumber-cucumber/zucchini
12. Lettuce chicory
13. Green beans; Beans; green soya bean
14. Chinese kale
15. Beans-peas
16. Lettuce-Lettuce longifolia
17. Spinach
18. Sweet potato
19. Purple radish-turnip
20. watercress-watercress
2 1. horseshoe
"Meat/protein" as supplementary food.
1. cooked beef (need to be washed with hot water to remove excess oil)-cooked ground beef (washed with hot water to remove any oil)
2. Cooked chicken/turkey (steamed or roasted)-Cooked chicken or turkey (steamed or roasted)
3. Low-fat cheese-low-fat cheese
4. Cooked fish (bones and skin should be removed)-cod (cooked ... bones and skin removed)
5. Cao Meng (live/dry food)-grasshopper
6. Wheat bran worm (live/dry food)-mealworm
7.crickets (live/dry food)-crickets
8. Bread (whole wheat)-Bread (granules)
9. Cooked eggs (cooked/fried)-eggs (cooked or scrambled eggs)
10. Tofu-original tofu
1 1. Original low-fat cheese-original low-fat yogurt
12. Dog cake (excluding garlic/onion ingredients)-Dog biscuit (excluding cabbage, onion and onion powder)
Other food is the staple food.
1. Buckwheat
2. Baby food (low sugar and no garlic/onion ingredients)-Baby food (low sugar and onion or garlic)
3. Cooked brown rice-Cooked brown rice
4. cooked pasta (wheat or spinach flavor)-cooked pasta (when is the best time to eat spinach)
5. Pumpkin seeds (salt-free)-Pumpkin seeds (salt-free)
6. Nuts (excluding almonds! )-Nuts (no almonds)
7. Sesame
8. Soybeans (salt-free)-Soybeans (salt-free)
9.oats
10. Dry yeast
1 1. peanuts (salt-free)-peanuts (salt-free)
12. Alfalfa
Dangerous food! ! ! 》
1. Almond (containing cyanic acid)-Almond (containing cyanic acid)
2. Apple core-apple seed
3. Canned food-Canned food
Chocolate-chocolate
5. Candy
6. Potato chips/human snacks-potato chips and junk food
7. Pork products
8. Raw potatoes-Raw potatoes
9. raw kidney beans-raw kidney beans
10.eggplant
1 1. Improve grape seeds
12. Avocado
13. oranges/oranges/grapefruit-oranges and oranges
14. Watermelon (Too much water will cause diarrhea! )-Don't eat watermelon (high water content will lead to diarrhea)
15. Lemon/lime
16. jam/gel jam and jelly
17. Fun
18. Garlic
19. onions (surname)
20. Garlic/green onions
2 1. Lycium barbarum and leek
22. Kimchi-Kimchi
Psychological preparation for raising hamsters
Hamsters are small living animals, so please don't raise them blindly until you are mentally prepared.
First, answer the following questions:
1. Do you have time to raise it?
2. Does your family object to your keeping small animals?
Can you guarantee that someone will look after the hamster when you go out for a long time?
Can you promise not to abandon the original novelty after it has passed? When you can't continue to breed, can you find a suitable adopter?
If you are not sure about the above points, I suggest you not keep them.
How to choose hamsters
How to choose a healthier hamster? Here are several methods for your reference:
1, choose a hamster with eyes but no gum.
2. See if the hamster has a runny nose. If so, don't choose.
3. Whether the shape of the ear is complete and whether there are traces of being bitten. If it means that this hamster is too weak or sick to be bullied and bitten by other hamsters.
4. The teeth don't extend outward, and the hair color is bright. Check for hair loss or tumors.
6, there can be no spots on the tail, and it is not good near the stomach, indicating that this hamster may have diarrhea.
7. When walking abnormally, do you feel stiff and whether your limbs are healthy is also the key point. If everything looks good, there should be no problem.
Finally, choose a hamster you like. Besides its coat color, you should also consider whether it will be close to people.
Generally speaking, golden hamster and Gakaria hamster are easy to get close to each other for a period of time, while Campbell hamster and Luo Burovski hamster are more difficult, especially Luo Burovski hamster itself is a timid and sensitive animal, so it may take some time to gain its trust in you.
As for whether to raise a good one or a pair of good ones, basically, if it is a Dover hamster, it is better to have more than two. If it's a golden mouse, it's ok to keep one. If you want to keep a pair, you'd better keep them separately. When you want to mate and reproduce, put the female mouse in the cage of the male mouse, and then separate after mating.
Ten taboos of hamster breeding
(1) Food forbidden for human consumption. Excessive salt and heavy seasoning will increase the physical burden of mice.
(2) Direct contact with sunlight is prohibited. Rats are very afraid of heat. When summer comes, please use cooling fins or marble to cool down.
(3) If it is not necessary, it is forbidden to wash the body of mice with water.
(4) Please know your own rat species. It is forbidden to keep rats living alone or of different species in cages.
(5) If you are not mentally prepared or financially capable, please don't keep the female and male rats in cages. The reproductive ability of mice is amazing.
(6) Feed of unknown origin is strictly prohibited. If it is infected or moldy, please throw it away and don't feed it!
(7) Rats are forbidden to drink raw water. Please let them drink boiled water.
(8) It is forbidden to use bamboo chopsticks, popsicles and other things to make rats grind their teeth. Please use the special grinding products and feed for rats in the market.
(9) It is forbidden to use newspapers, facial tissues and other bedding. There is too much ink in the newspaper, and the paper contains bleach.
(10) It is forbidden to keep rats and mice in too small a space. This space should at least have rollers, water bottles, food cans, bird's nests and other supplies.
Hamster feeding environment
The optimum temperature is 20-28℃. Avoid direct sunlight or strong wind, but pay attention to ventilation. Don't be too close to TV, stereo and computer. Hamsters can hear sounds that humans can't. Radiation and noise should be avoided.
Summer: It is best not to turn on the air conditioner, because turning off the air conditioner when going out and turning on the air conditioner when entering the house will make the temperature difference inside the house too large. Hamsters are very sensitive to temperature and easy to catch cold.
Winter: don't put it outdoors, hamsters will hibernate because it is too cold. Spread more mats, such as sawdust, and equip hamsters with wooden or thatched houses to keep warm. Or give more napkins and let hamsters make their own nests. The easiest way is to put the whole cage in a cardboard box or plastic box, but pay attention to ventilation.
Basic supplies for hamsters
Cage Please use ventilated wire cages in summer, or semi-iron and semi-plastic cages, such as outdoor cages. Please pay attention to the warmth of mice in winter. All plastic cages are more suitable in winter.
★ Don't use barbed wire for cage chassis, because rats are prone to fracture and injury.
Food basin
Most cages have their own food cans. If you need to buy it yourself, you can choose a small container, as long as it is not easy to knock over and the edge is not too high, otherwise the hamster can't climb in. Commonly used containers: glass ashtray, soy sauce plate, various small bowls, microwave oven box. Current price: 3- 10 yuan.
waterer
Most cages have their own drinking fountains, so it is better to install one when DIY, because hamsters need to drink water. The general design of drinking fountains has stainless steel beads at the front end, so pay attention to test whether there is water leakage when buying. Never take a bowl of water directly, because hamsters will get wet when drinking water, or go swimming, which is easy to catch cold and get sick. If it really doesn't work, feed hamsters more vegetables and fruits.
lavatory
An ordinary plastic box with cat litter is a relatively simple toilet. Take out the caked cat litter every day or replace it completely, which is in line with personal hygiene habits. Hamsters raised by people who love cleanliness also love cleanliness.
bathroom
Some hamsters bathe in the toilet with cat litter. Although it is unsanitary, it is a hobby of hamsters. There is no need for a shower room at this time. However, some hamsters love cleanliness, so the owner should buy a shower room for them, put bath sand on it, and let the hamsters roll and play with holes. Bath sand should be disinfected, or you can wash the fine sand yourself, put it in a microwave oven for disinfection and drying, and mix it with talcum powder to make bath sand. It is best not to use talcum powder directly, because it is too irritating and easy to hurt hamsters' eyes.
active wheel
Most cages have their own running wheels, because wild hamsters run 20 kilometers every day, so moderate exercise is very important for hamsters. Without enough exercise, hamsters will be under too much pressure, fighting with each other and biting cages. So careful owners should give hamsters a running wheel. At the same time, because the current owners provide hamsters with very good nutrition, they often make hamsters obese and prone to cardiovascular diseases, so even hamsters should have a normal and healthy body. Pay attention to the choice of seamless running wheels when buying, so that hamsters are not easy to get hurt. Current price: 10-80 yuan.
Wood chips
Many materials can be used as bedding materials for rat cages, but most people will choose sawdust because it is clean and easy to obtain. When using paper mats, be careful not to use printing paper. Ink is poisonous, and hamsters will be poisoned.
Molar stone/grinding rod
Hamster's teeth will continue to grow, so it is necessary to use a grinding stick to grind off the long teeth.
cottage
These huts are made of ceramics, wood, grass and plastic. Hamsters like these materials very much, because hamsters are animals who like to dig holes and live, so if possible, they should be equipped with a hut. Current price: 10-45 yuan.
timetable
When you bring the hamster home, it will be very sensitive, nervous and lost for a long time. Sometimes it will bite, stay in a daze and refuse to eat. This period is a crucial period for you to build trust with hamsters. If you can't handle it well, it will be difficult to establish a good relationship again. It is possible that your hamster will become a bad hamster that always bites people! This is the timetable. Don't worry, get along with your hamster:
Day 1 day: Let it adapt to the new environment, don't disturb it at all, don't touch it, and don't take it away.
2 days: You can feed it with your hands and talk to it softly to familiarize it with your smell and voice.
Day 5: You can gently pick it up and put it in your palm (don't let it fall or run away).
Day 10: You can enjoy it.
Pay attention when holding a hamster: a sleeping hamster doesn't like being disturbed, so make sure it is awake before holding it. You should first pull out its nest so that it can see you, and then gently pick it up. If it doesn't want to, don't force it.
Hamster food
(1) Please don't treat mice too cute. If they are given too much sunflower seeds or high-calorie food, rats and mice will easily get fat and have unbalanced nutrition. Overweight mice are prone to heatstroke in summer, and their skin fat is too thick and easy to lose hair.
About one to four sunflower seeds every Tuesday is enough! It can be used as reward food for training rats.
(2) Please don't think that mice don't need to drink water! Water must be supplied, and drinking water should be changed every two or three days.
(3) Don't feed too many fruits and vegetables at one time, which may easily lead to diarrhea and death. Most fruits and vegetables contain pesticides. Please wash them with clean water and dry them before feeding.
(4) Snacks should be matched with staple food. Snacks should be increased and staple foods should be reduced. Don't give too many snacks. Fat mice get sick easily.
(5) Please keep the feed and snacks in a sealed jar, which can be put in the refrigerator. Please discard the food that breeds insects and ants.
Edible food:
Vegetables (such as Qingjiang vegetables), carrots, melons (green and yellow vegetables are preferred), sunflower seeds, peanuts, walnuts, pine nuts (don't give too much), fruits, apples, strawberries, cherries, bananas (may stick to cheek pouches, please try not to give them to mice), grapes (please don't give too much because of high sugar content), and cereal chicken feed.
Feeding amount: It is easier to provide hamsters with more food than less food, because hamsters have the habit of storing food. If they lack food, they will be very upset. Therefore, if you find that the food bowl is always empty every time you add food, it means that too little food is added. At the same time, you should pay attention to clean up the unfinished food in time, especially the water-containing things such as fruits, to prevent deterioration.
Hamsters can be kept in a 50 cm square tropical fish tank with barbed wire (it is easy to get muggy in summer, so pay attention). When using the wire cage, the hamster will grab the wire and climb up, which is in danger of falling. Therefore, it is best not to have a high cage, and the wires at the bottom of the cage should be removed before use. The bottom of the cage is covered with wheat straw, hay or sawdust. The feeding basin can be made of pottery, preferably heavy. Some branches can be provided for occlusion to prevent teeth from being too long. The nest box can be made of wood or paper. Besides cages, you can also use bird's nest boxes. The nest box is covered with hay, sawdust, rags, etc. The sink won't scratch your feet, but it will easily accumulate moisture, so pay attention to keep it dry. In addition, the sink is deep enough to put a lot of cage bottom materials such as wheat straw and hay that hamsters can dive into, put soil on it, and then spread hay on it. Create a very natural environment for hamsters to dig holes and build nests.
Drinking water can be provided by a water supplier installed at an easy drinking height, and water is added into a container-shaped water tank. Hamsters can be allowed to play with water in summer, but don't make the cage too wet. Hamsters have the habit of urinating in a fixed place. Put a bedpan where it often drowns, and put urine or feces in it to make the bedpan smell, so that it will use the bedpan as a toilet. Don't go to the toilet if you don't use it, just pay attention to cleaning the cage often.
Hamster is an omnivore. You can give it yellow-green vegetables such as pumpkin, light-colored vegetables such as cabbage and lettuce. Potatoes, beans, fruits, weeds and seeds. Hamsters also have a special diet. However, when food is the main food, we should also pay attention to feeding some vegetables and fruits. As a source of protein, it can be fed with boiled eggs, cooked dried fish, cooked chicken, cheese, tofu and so on. And some dog food and cat food.
Hamsters have the habit of storing food in their gills. Pay attention to changing water frequently. Clean food basins and drinking fountains every day, and replace fresh food and water. Change the material of the nest. Check nested boxes. Where hamsters store food, leave some fruit or solid feed for hamsters to eat. Change the dressing at the bottom of the cage once a week and clean the disinfection cage 1-2 times a month.
In hot summer, the temperature in the sink easily rises. In summer, it is best to move to a cage to feed. Put the cage in a well-ventilated place and be careful not to let the sun shine directly. In hot weather, hamsters don't like to eat solid food, but should be fed with vegetables and other foods rich in water. When storing food in autumn, don't forget to check the nest box frequently to prevent hamsters from going into hibernation due to low temperature. When placed in a heated room, pay attention to the temperature difference between day and night. You can put a plastic bag on the cage, or put the cage in a carton to keep warm.
Hamster's mood
Hamsters are less likely to communicate with their owners than cats and dogs. However, as long as you observe carefully every day, you can still understand the hamster's mood. Moreover, hamsters also express their emotions, and careful observation of these actions and information can help us understand hamsters' emotions.
Finishing body hair
Hamsters are relaxed when grooming their body hair. Otherwise, after the owner touches the hamster, the hamster's own taste disappears, and he wants to apply the taste to his body again. Hamsters like their own taste best.
Turn over.
The owner will turn over when he reaches into the cage. This is because when you reach in, you will be shocked or feel very annoying. Hamsters have few weapons against their enemies, so they turn over and fight with four feet. At this time, just pass by slowly and reassure the hamster. Especially when hamsters sleep, don't scare them.
Roll into a circle
You can tell at a glance that this is the sleeping position of hamster, so you should keep your voice down at this time. But it will roll up when you are in poor health, so pay more attention. When the weather is cold, it will be rolled up, which is to keep warm.
Bite the cage
When biting the wire of the cage, it may be that the hamster wants to escape. Some hamsters will rub the hair on their noses between the wires and make their noses bald. This behavior can make hamsters grind their teeth and control the length of their teeth.
Ear droop
To understand the mood of hamsters, the easiest thing to see is ears. If your ears droop, it must be when you feel annoying or terrible. When you wake up, your ears will droop.
Hard and straight
When the wheel is turned on, the hamster will suddenly stop. This is because hamsters want to move far away on wheels and stop to confirm where they have arrived.
Stand up and shake it.
Standing up is to understand the situation in the distance, feel the surroundings, pay attention to the sound, and stand up when responding to the sound of the feed bag.
Prone
When you come out of the cage, your bodies are together, lying on the ground and smelling everywhere. This is a nervous new place, and I want to smell the surrounding situation. Don't make a loud noise suddenly at this time.
Hiding in a narrow place hamsters used to be wild animals and lived in narrow tunnels. When playing indoors, hamsters always look for narrow and dark places to rest assured. If hamsters run into the corner of the room, they should pay attention.
At the time of purchase:
1. It is best to choose the same hamster, because different kinds of hamsters are easy to fight.
2. Because they are Nocturnal Animals, they sleep for about 12- 14 hours a day, and they don't exercise and eat until evening, so it's best to buy them at night or at night, so that you can see the lively side of hamsters.
Generally speaking, healthy hamsters are characterized by sound limbs, bright eyes, normal ears without secretion, smooth hair and dry and hard feces.
Hamsters are also afraid of strangers. They are very sensitive when they first come home. It takes two or three days to get used to being in close contact with you.
The hamster is Nocturnal Animals. They like to sleep during the day and come out at night. Don't wake them when they sleep! The four-week-old hamster is an adult. They are different from mice. They have a short tail or even no tail. The most interesting thing about hamsters is that they know how to hide food on both sides of their cheeks and then spit it out in a safe place.
Concern for medical affairs
(1) As long as rats and mice feel unwell, please don't panic, don't rush to the hospital, and try to shorten the time for rats and mice to go to the hospital.
Eight, the mother mouse during childbirth matters needing attention:
(1) During pregnancy, female rats must be separated from male rats. Male rats sometimes eat young rats; Most importantly, it is still possible for male rats to continue estrus at this time. If they are not kept in cages, the females who are still feeding will get pregnant again, which will affect their physique and even their life span. The mother mouse still has the ability to store sperm and may have a second child. Therefore, it is very necessary to separate male rats in time.
(2) Please help the mother mouse to make up for her health. Production is very harmful. Cannabis seed, nutritious cream, nutritious water, dried fish, breadworms, etc. can be used. Increase the nutrition of female rats.
(3) During the full moon of rats, please try not to change the articles and fillers in the female rat cage. It's easy to scare the mother mouse, which makes it impossible to breastfeed or recycle the baby (eat the mouse). Please don't touch them before the full moon!
(4) After the full moon, mice can leave their mothers after growing hair and weaning. At this time, try to touch the mouse!
(5) It's best for rats to wait until after the full moon to feed the bread worm, which has a shell.
At this time, the baby's digestive system is not complete, so please don't feed the breadworms, which is easy to indigestion. Mother mouse will feed the mouse herself, so please don't feed the mouse on purpose.
(6) During pregnancy, mother mouse must remember to pick up the wheel. Sometimes, the mother mouse ignores breastfeeding in order to play with the roller.
Physical self-examination of rats
(1) Teeth: The front teeth of rats and mice are constantly growing, and sometimes the teeth are too long, which will make it impossible to eat. You can cut your own teeth at this time. Please use small animals to cut your teeth. If you are afraid to cut your teeth, you can take it to the doctor to have it cut.
(2) Incense gland: only male rats have it. In the middle of the abdomen, there is a yellow thing, that is the odor gland. When the male rats are in heat, the smell here will be particularly strong. Sometimes the aromatic glands accumulate too much. Remember to adjust the salt water with hydrogen peroxide regularly 1: 10 to help them wipe! If you hoard too much, please take it to the veterinary hospital and ask the doctor to clean it up.
(3) Eyes: If rats and mice are healthy, their eyes should be very bright and shiny. If they are red, oily or have gum, you should pay attention to them and take them to the doctor.
(4) poop: the poop of rats and mice should be slightly hard, the size of rice grains, black and odorless. Sometimes it turns green, red, etc. Don't be too nervous at this time. Please recall whether there is green feed or red feed in the feed of rats and mice. If so, it is normal for the stool to turn green. If there is soft stool or bad smell, please send it to a doctor as soon as possible.
(5) cheek pouch: Sometimes you should pay attention to whether the things in the cheek pouch have been eaten. Please don't give any more food if you haven't finished eating. If the food goes bad and stinks in the cheek pouch, it will easily lead to inflammation of the cheek pouch. Pay attention to the smell of food spoilage in the cheek bag regularly, and help him clean the food in the cheek bag regularly, transfer the water with salt water in the way of 1: 3, and put the feeding syringe into the cheek bag for washing.
(6) Coat color: The fur of rats and mice is usually soft and shiny. If depilation occurs, please pay attention to whether it is allergic and take it to a doctor as soon as possible.
(7) Body temperature: The body temperature of rats and mice is generally touched by hands, which is slightly higher than our body temperature, but the feeling is not obvious. If you obviously feel that the temperature of the mouse is too high, please send it to the hospital immediately, which is very likely to be a precursor to heatstroke!
Advice to people who plan to keep rats.
1, believe me, this is very important.
My life is only a few short years, and every minute apart from you is painful. Please remember this before welcoming me as a member of your family.
3. Give me some time to understand and become the partner you expect.
Please talk to me when you are free. Although I don't understand your language, I can understand your voice when you speak.
Don't scold me all the time and don't lock me up to punish me. You have your friends, your family and your career. But me, only you.
I will never forget how you treated me.
Before you raise your hand to hit me, please don't forget that I have enough strength to bite you, but I will never choose to hurt you.
Please take care of me when I get old. Because one day you will get old.
9. When I face death, please wait by my side. Don't say "I can't bear to see it" or "let it pass while I'm away". With you by my side, I can face anything calmly.
How is this delicacy made?