There have been three wars in the history of India and Pakistan. The first and second wars between India and Pakistan were caused by the ownership of Kashmir. The first war between India and Pakistan took place in 1947-1949 and the second war between India and Pakistan took place in 1965-1966. The third India-Pakistan war occurred in 1971, which led to the separation of East Pakistan from Pakistan and became Bangladesh today.
In the second India-Pakistan War, China provided Pakistan with planes, tanks and artillery. Chairman Mao almost decided to send troops to reinforce Pakistan, which saved Pakistan and helped Pakistan to keep the occupied Kashmir. The third India-Pakistan War took place in 1971, when China was in the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution. Apart from providing diplomatic and moral support to Pakistan, it was unable to provide military support to Pakistan. It led to Pakistan's failure and loss of East Pakistan. That is to say, Pakistan's ability to maintain its current territorial integrity and control over occupied Kashmir is closely related to China's support. The Pakistani people all know that the vast majority of Pakistanis are grateful to China from top to bottom and friendly to China. This is the reason for China-Pakistan friendship. We China people should cherish and protect China-Pakistan friendship. Because this is very important for us to counter India.
Yang Gongsu's memories of the second and third wars between India and Pakistan will be transcribed one after another. It can be seen that Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou personally went out to deal with the Pakistani president's request for help.
The following is reproduced:
In p>1963, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs transferred me back to Beijing as the deputy director of the First Asia Department. At that time, the director was Zhang Wenjin. Soon, Zhang Wenjin was transferred as an ambassador, and Zhang Tong, the deputy director, was appointed as the director. The First Asia Division is in charge of the foreign affairs of Asian countries outside the socialist countries, while the Second Asia Division is in charge of the foreign affairs of the socialist countries Mongolia, North Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos. At that time, apart from socialist countries, Asia had the most diplomatic relations with China, and most of them were neighboring countries, so there were many affairs.
two things happened in p>1964. First, Khrushchev stepped down just as our atomic bomb exploded successfully for the first time. At that time, Sino-Soviet relations declined because of anti-China with Khrushchev, and his stepping down was in stark contrast to the success of our nuclear test. We were so happy that Zhang Wenjin left for abroad, so Zhang Tong, Zhang Wenjin and I went to Jiangxi restaurant to have a drink to celebrate. I have never been very restrained in drinking, but this time I almost passed out. The second thing is the "four clean-ups". Since the early 1961s, the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao have proposed to carry out rural social education campaigns to clean up the "four ambiguities" in rural areas, which was an extremely important movement at that time. Liu Shaoqi's wife, Wang Guangmei, engaged in the "four clean-ups" in taoyuan village and created the "Taoyuan experience". Liu Shaoqi attached great importance to this "Taoyuan Experience" and asked Wang Guangmei to give a report on the content and significance of this "Taoyuan Experience". This report can only be heard by cadres at or above the vice minister level, while the Ministry of Foreign Affairs receives special care, and the director can also listen to it. At that time, there was a saying that cadres who had not gone to the countryside to carry out the "four clean-ups" could not be ministers and members of the Central Committee in the future. In 1963, when Zhang Tong became the director, he actively wanted to take part in the four clean-ups movement and put the work of the whole department in my charge. We joked with him that he was going to be a member of the Central Committee.
since the summer of 1963, I have been responsible for the work of the First Asia Division. There were several major international events at that time. First, Su Jianuo launched an emerging power sports meeting to fight against the Olympic Games at that time. He invited emerging power countries, namely newly independent Asian and African countries after World War II, to participate. All major specific matters, such as inviting participating countries, are first decided by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs through internal consultations; The travel expenses of athletes from all countries to Indonesia are also paid by China when they need help, and the sports meeting is organized by Indonesia. At that time, all sports equipment, even the equipment of Indonesian athletes, was made in China. For this matter, I was busy with Huang Zhong, deputy director of the State Sports Commission. The head of China sports delegation and government delegation is Marshal He Long, and we have reported to him for instructions several times.
The Pakistani President asked China to send troops to help
The most important event I encountered in the Asia Division was the second India-Pakistan war.
In May, 1965, Pakistan and India had a dispute in the Kuchilan section of the Pakistan-India border, which led to an armed conflict. Then, the Pakistani army launched a large-scale attack in Kashmir, directly attacking near Sriraga, the capital of Kashmir, and the situation was favorable to Pakistan. But soon India attacked from the flank, and the army went straight to Lahore, Pakistan, cutting off the rear road of the Pakistani army. The Pakistani army retreated from Kashmir and concentrated on defending Lahore. At that time, the war was very fierce.
Since the settlement of the border issue between China and Pakistan and the visit of Pakistani President ayub Khan to China in 1964, China-Pakistan relations have been relatively friendly. In this Pakistan-India conflict, the China administration issued a statement in early May, accusing India of expansionism, supporting Pakistan's resistance war and giving diplomatic support to Palestine and Israel. However, the resistance of the Pakistani army in Lahore is extremely difficult, and the supply of arms and materials is also very tight. So they turned to our country for help. Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha, then Pakistani ambassador to China, came to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for three days and five days, and asked to see Premier Zhou Enlai directly. In addition to briefing on the war, he also forwarded a letter or verbal request from the President of Pakistan, asking China to give all kinds of assistance.
when ambassador Pakistan met premier Zhou, I was always there. If the Prime Minister has any instructions, I will come back and report to the leaders of the Ministry and tell the relevant departments to handle them. There are a few things that I still can't forget.
In the battle to defend Lahore, Pakistani tank troops charged the Indian army before the artillery and infantry, resulting in serious losses, and tanks were urgently needed for replenishment. Commander Batak came to China, accompanied by Ambassador Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha, and met with Premier Zhou Enlai, asking China to support several tanks. In the afternoon, the Prime Minister ordered me to accompany them to visit a tank manufacturing base in China by special plane. After seeing our new tanks, Commander Batak personally drove around. After he jumped out of the cabin, he gave a thumbs-up sign: "This kind of tank is good, we will take it." When I returned to Beijing the next day, I made a report to Premier Zhou. After the Prime Minister inquired about the relevant departments, I realized that there were not many such tanks, but the Prime Minister ordered that some of the tanks used by the active troops be allocated to support Pakistan. This incident made the Pakistani army and President ayub extremely grateful.
At that time, Bangladesh belonged to Pakistan and was called Dongba. Dongba and Xiba are separated by an India. India attacked Dongba, and Xiba's aid could not cross the Indian mainland, but only bypassed the Ceylon (Sri Lanka) sea route, which was time-consuming and laborious. Later, Pakistan used planes to transport support arms, materials and personnel by detour. As a result, the Pakistani air force is exhausted. At that time, Su Jianuo was in power in Indonesia and advocated that emerging countries collectively resist aggression. He was very interested in supporting the Pakistani army against the Indian army, but sent his air force commander to China secretly to discuss how Indonesia could support Pakistan.
When the Indonesian air force commander came to China secretly, Premier Zhou Enlai asked me to accompany him directly from the airport to the West Flower Hall. The Prime Minister personally met with him to discuss the situation of the Pakistan-India war with him. The Prime Minister told him that it is not appropriate for a third country to intervene at present, and the Indonesian Air Force has no reason and can't participate in the war. All it can do now is to give materials and other assistance. After the talks, Premier Zhou invited Pakistani Ambassador Ricardo Roberto Barreto da Rocha and his military attache to the West Flower Hall to meet with the Indonesian Air Force Commander and have dinner with them. I was always present at this meeting, and I deeply realized Premier Zhou Enlai's cautious attitude in handling international relations.
As the second Pakistan-India War was at a critical stage, President Pakistan repeatedly asked China to send troops to support it, leaving India under attack from both sides.
In the face of the major issue of not sending troops, Premier Zhou Enlai has called relevant departments, especially the General Staff Department and various ministries, to discuss it many times. Everyone thinks that support is possible, but how to support it is an important issue.
September of the year when Chairman Mao planned to send troops to Pakistan and Premier Zhou revised the "ultimatum"
coincided with the national sports meeting held in China, and leaders of all provinces and military regions came to Beijing. At the banquet hosted by Marshal He Long for the main leaders of Mao Zedong, major military regions, provinces and cities, Mao Zedong talked to Premier Zhou about aid to Pakistan. The chairman said that if you want to send troops, you should find the nearest place to the border with Pakistan. This shows that Mao Zedong has agreed to send troops to aid Pakistan. After research, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs believes that Indian troops have been provoking the western Tibet and the Sino-Tin (Golden) border in the last two years. At that time, the border between China and Tin was demarcated, and Indian troops built a large number of fortifications in the border pass such as Naiduila Pass. In recent years, about 56 fortifications were built, which wantonly destroyed China's territory and sovereignty. Considering that the south of the Sino-tin border is the nearest junction of China, India and Dongba, China decided to give India a blow in this area to support Pakistan. Before that, give the Indian government an "ultimatum" note.
On the evening of September 5th, an "ultimatum" note to the Indian government was drawn up in the West Flower Hall, and Premier Zhou immediately ordered me to deliver it to the Indian Chargé d 'affaires in China, Mehta, that night. I went back to the Ministry, called Meda at 2: 11 a.m. on 16, and handed in a note in person, demanding that India dismantle all its aggressive fortifications on the Sikkim border in China and across the Sino-Sikkim border within three days, and immediately stop all invasion activities on the Sino-Indian border and the Sino-Sikkim border to ensure that there will be no cross-border harassment in the future. Otherwise, the Indian government must take full responsibility for all the serious consequences arising therefrom. After reading the note, Meida wanted to defend herself to me. I immediately stopped him and said, time is limited, please don't waste time, or send the note back to New Delhi quickly. So he had to get on the bus in a hurry.
naturally, we have some military arrangements besides the ultimatum note. Afraid of being attacked from both sides, India quickly dismantled all its fortifications on the Sino-Tin border and returned its Tibetan compatriots and livestock. This is the most satisfying time since I handled the negotiation with the Indian border.
In this note, a passage reads: "The Indian government, with the support of U.S. imperialism and its allies, has always pursued chauvinism and expansionism policies towards its neighboring countries ... Now it is launching a large-scale armed attack on Pakistan ... The Indian government has always believed that the Kashmir issue should be resolved on the basis of respecting the right of self-determination of the Kashmiri people, as promised by India and Pakistan. This is the meaning of China's staying out of the India-Pakistan dispute. However, non-intervention does not mean that people in Kashmir are deprived of their right to self-determination. It does not mean that China can agree to Indian aggression on the pretext of Kashmir. China's position was and still is ... As long as India oppresses the Kashmiri people, China will not stop supporting the Kashmiri people's struggle for self-determination, and as long as India continues its unbridled aggression against Pakistan, China will not stop supporting Pakistan's just struggle against aggression ...
This passage was instructed by Premier Zhou Enlai, and he personally revised it and added it. It seems that adding this passage to China's note to India on the Sino-Indian border issue is somewhat beside the point. This note was published on the front page of People's Daily on June 6, and its message to all countries in the world is very clear.