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Detailed information about Shenzhou-6

How to escape during flight?

The Long March 2 F rocket used to launch Shenzhou 6 has three modes to ensure that astronauts can escape safely in the event of an accident. The three modes are: low-altitude escape, high-altitude escape and emergency separation of ship and arrow.

Low-altitude escape refers to the escape from 30 minutes before takeoff to 120 seconds after takeoff, that is, in front of the rocket escape tower, including on the launch pad. Low-altitude escape is achieved through an escape tower, so it is called "tower escape". The escape tower is placed at the top of the rocket, about 8 meters long, and shaped like a huge lightning rod. When a catastrophic failure occurs in the rocket during the launch phase, it can carry the orbital capsule and return capsule and quickly fly away from the rocket to a safe area, then jettison the escape tower and orbital capsule, and the return capsule returns to land on its own using a parachute. The first key action after the rocket successfully took off was to throw away the escape tower. This was to avoid wasting the thrust of the launch vehicle.

From the time the rocket throws the escape tower (120 seconds after takeoff) to before the fairing is separated (200 seconds after takeoff), it can implement high-altitude escape, that is, "tower-less escape". It consists of 4 high-altitude escape engines and two high-altitude escape engines. The separation engine provides power to the fairing, thereby taking the spacecraft away from the rocket body.

If a malfunction occurs between the separation of the fairing and the separation of the ship and arrow (about 584 seconds after takeoff), emergency separation of the ship and arrow can be implemented. After the spacecraft successfully escapes, it will land within a range of about 800 kilometers from the Badain Jaran Desert in Inner Mongolia to Yulin, Shaanxi.

Experts said that if a fatal failure occurs during manned space flight, it is most likely to occur during the rocket ignition, take-off, ascent and return stages.

In the return stage, the most typical example of successful life-saving in the history of spaceflight is the resurrection of the American Apollo 13 spacecraft. On April 11, 1970, 56 hours after the U.S. Apollo 13 spacecraft successfully lifted off from the Kennedy Space Center, the oxygen storage tank of the service module exploded, and the three astronauts faced death in space. However, they were not afraid in the face of danger. According to the orbit accurately calculated by ground scientists and the orders of ground commanders, they manually controlled the spacecraft, used the oxygen and power of the lunar module, and successfully returned on April 17, creating a miracle of escape in the history of spaceflight. (Xinhua News Agency)

Learn to open and close doors

——A major issue concerning the life and death of astronauts

According to Xinhua News Agency, astronauts enter and exit the return capsule The orbital module is an important feature that distinguishes Shenzhou-6 from Shenzhou-5. Therefore, opening and closing the return cabin door has become the key to a successful flight and even protecting the lives of astronauts. The cabin door of the Shenzhou-6 spacecraft was designed with multiple "thresholds" to prevent accidents from entering the "door".

The first hurdle is to prevent accidental unlocking. Will the door swing open due to vibration? Could the astronaut accidentally open the closed hatch? Anti-accidental unlocking solves these problems. The astronaut must turn the handle to a fixed position before the door can be opened.

The second hurdle is multiple sealing measures. There is no air in space. If the cabin door sealing performance is not good, gas leakage and pressure variation in the cabin will occur, which will endanger the lives of astronauts. Therefore, the designer adopted multiple sealing ring measures on the hatch, and the sealing performance is 100% up to the requirements.

The third hurdle is the point of assistance. The strength that astronauts can exert in a state of weightlessness is very limited. If the hatch is slightly heavier, it may affect its opening and closing, so the designers designed a boost point for the astronauts near the hatch.

The fourth hurdle is rapid leak detection. Designers have developed rapid leak detection equipment that can confirm whether the hatch is closed properly within about 10 minutes of closing the hatch.

The fifth hurdle - hatch cleaning cloth. It took the designers three months to develop a "space rag" to prevent a tiny excess on the hatch sealing surface - hair, dander, and small fibers from affecting its sealing performance.

Looking up at the sun and looking down at my hometown

The Long March rocket is equipped with two "clairvoyance eyes" for the first time

According to Xinhua News Agency, it will be used to launch the Shenzhou-6 manned spacecraft The Long March 2 F-type rocket is equipped with a real-time image measurement system. This is the first "clairvoyance" installed on my country's Long March series of rockets.

According to Zhang Zhi, chief designer of the launch vehicle system of the Manned Space Engineering Project, the image real-time measurement system is mainly used to assist in separation and judgment. In previous flights, rocket shutdown, separation and other actions were reflected by corresponding telemetry parameters. Through the newly added image real-time measurement system, the ground can see real-time images of the rocket's actions from takeoff to ship-arrow separation, and more accurately judge the status of the rocket.

The real-time image measurement system consists of two cameras, an image compression processor, an image integrated controller and other equipment. One camera faces toward the tail of the rocket and is used to observe booster separation and primary and secondary separation; the other camera faces upward and is used to observe fairing separation and ship rocket separation. In this way, during the rocket's ascent, we can see the earth farther and farther downwards, and the sun or stars upwards, which is a true "live broadcast."

In-cabin space suit

The astronaut’s in-cabin space suit independently developed by our country. Space suits are essential personal protective and life-saving equipment for astronauts. Since the two astronauts aboard Shenzhou-6 did not have missions for extravehicular activities, they were only equipped with in-cabin spacesuits and supporting equipment.