1. Group calisthenics

The open-wall-style events of the modern Olympic Games must be performed. In ancient times, the famous group calisthenics are probably the following. Everything is done in Han Feizi says: "When the Miao people refuse to obey, Yu will cut it, and it is impossible to shun the day." It's not Tao to practice martial arts without being virtuous. " I have been teaching for three years, holding a dry dance, and having a seedling is a service. " Translated into vernacular, it generally means that punishing others without teaching is bullying others, so the ancient police performed a kung fu dance with an axe in their left hand and a shield in their right hand to deter bad elements and build a harmonious society. Now the United States is against Persia, but that's it. Of course, this is a martial arts dance. As for the civil arts, Little Bear only knows that there is a tattoo dance in Japan, and time is limited, so I won't say much. In the Tang Dynasty, the most famous one was "The Music of the King of Qin Breaking the Array", which was quite imposing. I think the leaders of the East liked this kind of tune whenever they came. Comparatively speaking, the traditional western generals triumphantly entered Rome, and among the crowds lined the streets, there was always a waiter standing next to the commander-in-chief and firmly repeating the same sentence: "All this is just a passing cloud." Pushing into modern times, we can clearly see the differences between the East and the West. For example, the Berlin Olympic Games in 1933 and the Oriental Olympic Games were unusually high-spirited, and the group calisthenics were surprisingly uniform and varied, especially in the entrance ceremony. Just look at those who wore dragon robes and were not like princes, patting around with DV in their hands and waving their hats and twisting their waists. They must have come from western barbarian countries, and those teams were neat, polite and restrained. For barbarians, they just came to attend a party, but for civilized people, this is a show, which is to be performed for others. I don't know how many times it has been performed off the field.

2, ball games

Speaking of ancient ball games, we have to start with ancient football. Legend has it that Cuju originated from the Yellow Emperor, saying that Xuanyuan captured Chiyou, filled his stomach and thought it was a bow, so that people could hold it, and those who won more would be rewarded. Translated into modern Chinese, it is to kick him in the stomach (this is mainly because Chiyou was above the lungs of the Yellow Emperor at the beginning, and I will talk about the corner arrival later). As for the literal interpretation of Cuju, Cuju is "Nie Ye", which is a verb. "Bow" means "Ball also", which is a noun. (The ancient "ball" was made of jade, so it was edged with jade. So bow word from leather). In the Han dynasty, because it was a military training method, it became popular. I won't say much about the specific rules, but stress teamwork. Bear thinks that cuju in Han Dynasty is probably not the originator of soccer, but more like American football, emphasizing speed, strength, collision and formation coordination quartering. For details, please refer to He Yan, a handsome boy in Cao Wei's "Ode to Jingfu Hall" (Cuju in Jingfu Hall at that time was probably equivalent to Super Wan in Han and Wei Dynasties). However, in the Tang Dynasty, due to the fact that cavalry training surpassed infantry, polo rose and cuju declined, the competition system changed greatly, focusing on the nature of Shang Yan. As for the later Song and Ming Dynasties, it was developed for different groups of people. For details, please refer to the relevant chapters in the famous Chinese classic Jin Ping Mei, and I suggest you carefully understand the meaning.

Polo is a new sport that flourished with cuju in Tang Dynasty. There are three theories about its origin. One says that he is from Persia, the other says that he is from Tubo, and the other says that he is from native Cuju. That's for the time being. Anyway, it was very popular in the Tang Dynasty. It was mainly advocated by the royal family at that time and made by the world wind. There are too many stories about this, so I won't say any more. Let's talk briefly about the two projects derived from it. One is horse dancing. Zhang said, "Dance Horse Ci": "Tianlu recruits Uncle Wei from afar, and the Dragon borrows xi he from Japan. Will * * * compete for the dance, and come with the eight horses to sing together. " However, after the Anshi Rebellion, the road declined. In modern times, there is a story. In the late Qing Dynasty, France presented pure-bred dancing horses to the Qing court. After the Republic of China, it was transferred to Xiangcheng, Yuan liked it very much, and later it was given to Huang Xing. This is the origin of the allusion that Huang Xing received horses but did not receive gold. Later, after the second revolution, Huang Xing ran away, and the horses were stranded at the Shanghai Racecourse. Yuan Ben planned to take them back and prepare Hong Xian to ride when he proclaimed himself emperor. From this point of view, there are some Lou in foreign countries. Also derived from a project, step by step, as the name implies, is to get off the horse and fight. It may be the predecessor of modern hockey. The ancient golf sport, Chuiwan, was born from the beating (Comrade Guo Moruo has different views, and he once categorically verified that Chuiwan is the originator of modern baseball, which attracted a lot of academic doubts). The Ming Dynasty was particularly popular among the upper-class literati, with exquisite equipment, playing different holes, different terrains, using different clubs, having pro-caddies and inviting celebrities to serve as ball forerunners, which was extremely elegant. However, it is estimated that China's national conditions are not suitable for entering the modern Olympic Games, because, regardless of the referee, as long as the caddy is played by a Chinese, even if Tiger Wuzi comes, the gold medal won't be his.

There is another sport similar to modern bowling, which is called wood shooting. Wood shot comes from hitting the soil. The play of hitting the soil began in Emperor Yao, which is similar to a projectile game. Extending to Mushe, the method is to put bottle-shaped wooden pillars on the ground. On the ten pillars, there are words such as "benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, faithfulness, gentleness, courtesy, frugality and concession", and on the five pillars, there are words such as "slow, proud, stingy, greedy and excessive". Participants throw wooden balls to hit the column, and those who win the red book will win, while those who win the ink book will lose, and they will be rewarded and punished.

3, the competitive category

can be roughly divided into the following categories.

one is to compete with yourself. For example, lifting the tripod and turning off the customs. Ding lifting can be divided into two categories: lifting and overturning. Ding was originally an ancient cooking utensil. In ancient times, the so-called tripod lifting was all about lifting. To put it simply, it was just carrying a pot and walking several times to help digestion. For example, Xiang Yu, the famous overlord of Chu, can lift the tripod, which shows that he is a big git. No wonder he can't beat Liu San. It is said that Confucius has such a unique skill. No wonder he travels around the world, has a large group of disciples, and he is strong enough to be robbed by mountain thieves. In the Tang Dynasty, instead of lifting the latch, I lifted a big wooden stick, mainly to test my arm strength and prepare for holding a carbine. In the Song Dynasty, stone locks and chains were greeted, and later, it was modern weightlifting. Weightlifting is a rather inhumane sport. The Japanese are all like Wu Da, and there is no natural way to do it. It is wrong to force the file the day after tomorrow.

there is another kind of fighting with others, which can be divided into one-on-one fighting and group fighting. Let's talk about the one-on-one hit category, such as the corner. Ren Fang, a native of the Southern Dynasties, wrote in the Book of Stories about Different Things: "Chiyou's ears are like swords and halberds, and his head has horns. He fights with Xuanyuan, and his horns reach people, but people can't turn to him. Today, Yizhou has a famous Chiyou opera, which is in twos and threes, wearing horns to offset it, and the Han dynasty made horns to offset it, covering its legacy. " This is the origin of Chiyou topping the lungs of the Yellow Emperor. In fact, Chiyou doesn't really have horns, but he may have brought a helmet similar to a horn. In order to deal with it, the Yellow Emperor invented the technique of corner arrival. The copyright should be returned to Comrade Xuanyuan. In the Qin and Han dynasties, there were two kinds of military dramas in the army. One kind of military drama was Jiao Di, which developed into sumo in the perfect period of Tang and Song Dynasties, spread to Japan, and now became the quintessence of Japan. The most obvious feature of Chinese sumo is that you don't wear a coat, and you win fair and square mainly by strength. Foreign wrestling, like a cloth store of northern nationalities, wears a wallet on the upper body, relying on cleverness, pulling up the button on your wallet by the way, and then coming to a crystal elbow from time to time, which is not taken by gentlemen. As for the classical wrestling of the modern Olympic Games, it relies on the momentum of stir-frying waist flowers above the waist, while freestyle wrestling relies on the strength of honey-baked ham below the lower abdomen. As for the outcome, as long as the sweet and sour tenderloin is served, it will be judged negative. Just now I talked about martial arts, and let's talk about another kind of bian, that is, hand combat. There's no need to explain it, China Kung Fu. Gan Yanshou, a famous star in the Han Dynasty, started his career as a famous star because of his outstanding hand stroke. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Qing soldiers entered the customs, a Ming Dynasty military commander named Chen Yuanbin went to the Tokugawa shogunate to help suppress them. Later, he stayed in Edo and took in three apprentices, creating three schools: Fuye Stream, San Pu Stream and Alum Stream. Later, Jiu Jitsu and Judo were developed. There is another kind of one-on-one combat, which is sword fighting. Why not say fencing? There are two kinds of ancient swordsmanship. Fencing refers to a long-range attack. In the words of Xiao Li's mother, Xiao Li flew a knife, and there was no false hair. In addition to flying swords, it is fighting swords. Anyone who has read the Warring States Policy knows that the lobbyists in it often press the sword and make Hong Xing bewitch the children when the monarchs of the two countries can't talk properly. The ancients practiced swords, wore swords and played with knives since childhood, which is one of the basic common sense of life. There are many famous sword fighting jokes in history, such as the Hongmen Banquet. I once read a record of the Three Kingdoms and fell for it. According to the book, Gan Ning and Ling Tong had been enemies, and they danced with each other in a drunken mood. Lv Meng couldn't stand it, so he opened Ling Tong's double halberd with a hook and separated Gan Ning's sword with a knife. Bear was cheated. When Amon could really fight, he surrounded Xuchang in the 11 th mile of the Three Kingdoms. When he saw the attack, Yu Jin came to ask for a one-on-one fight. Bear let him play, and the result was overturned by the computer. It seems that books are unreliable, but it depends on glorious settings.

let's talk about group fighting after one-on-one combat. Group fights are mainly tug-of-war and dragon boats. Both of them come from the ancient Chu navy. Tug of war is called pulling hook in ancient times. Chu State is located in the north and south of the great river, and its waterways are criss-crossing. In order to train sailors, it invented a weapon called "Hook Rejection", which is specially used for water combat. When the two ships meet, they can ride on the other side of the ship to facilitate boarding and fighting. When the enemy retreats, the sergeant refuses to hook the enemy ship with a hook and pulls back hard, so that it can't escape. Later, the hook refused to spread from the army to the people and evolved into a tug-of-war competition. There is also the Dragon Boat, which is said to be in memory of Qu Yuan and Wu Zixu, a loyal minister and a traitor to Chu. Why? There is no agreement. Both of them pay attention to the spirit of teamwork, and from the birthplace, they both entrust a certain regional ethnic ideology. Therefore, when there was Nandu dynasty, both flourished, and when there was northern alien rule, they were deliberately suppressed.

4, track and field

Let's take a look at some more. There is nothing to say about track and field events, except running faster, jumping higher and farther. In order to achieve this goal, there are many banned drugs. For details, please refer to the "galloping party" unearthed in Mawangdui, Changsha, among which the strangest trick is to take unmarried women. . . . . . (Delete 18, words below). In the Jin Dynasty, there was an ox man who ran away with dozens of buddies in a hurry one day and ran into a big pit. Everyone else jumped over it. He fell into a ditch and felt humiliated, so he put a bamboo stick in it, made a will and jumped back and forth dozens of times, in order to get his face back (if someone knows who this person is, the female guest will reward the bear with a kiss and the male guest will reward the bear with a hug). Bear estimates that this gentleman has probably hit the Five Stones Powder, otherwise it would be so NB?

5, other classes

The ancients had to learn six arts. The Book of Rites said, "There are three years in ten, learning music, reciting poems and dancing spoons; Adult children dance like elephants and learn to shoot. " Now let's talk about archery. There is no need to say more about archery. In ancient times, archery emphasized five techniques: white arrow, joint, stroke, ruler and well instrument. White arrow, the arrow penetrates the target and the arrow is white, indicating that the arrow is accurate and powerful; Join the company, put a vector before, and the last three vectors go away in succession. The vectors belong to each other, if the beads are in the same position; Note, that is, the disease of vector line; Xiang ruler, I shoot with you, I stand side by side with you, and let you retreat one foot; Well instrument, four vectors coherent, all hit the target. Modern archery competition, in general, is just so. However, the ancients later invented the crossbow, (people always like to be lazy, and crossbows are much more convenient than arrows). Archery gradually became too complicated for social activities, so the throwing pot was derived. This is an elegant play of civilized countries and literati. At first, throwing into the pot was the best, and then N kinds of tricks were added, such as throwing angle, orientation, reflection, etc. Modern civilized countries, such as British darts, especially curling in Canada and some northern European countries, all have the legacy of throwing into the pot (civilized games are all advanced there). Let's talk about royal. The ancient people fought with multiplication as the basic unit. When describing a superpower, they all said that it was a country of thousands of rides. What is the concept of a ride? The basic configuration is that there is a four-horse chariot with one charioteer on it, a bow on the left and a halberd on the right. All three of them are military, and seven other military people are ready to take turns beside it (they should have good jumping skills). In addition, there are fifteen people who are too light to be equipped with armor, and then there is a double-ox-pulled trench car, two cooks, two grooms, and one person for the maintenance and custody of equipment and armor, with a total of thirty people. In this combat unit, the imperial hand is the most important, which belongs to the whole body protection, especially the wrist. The insurance on the wrist is definitely higher than that of today's nail models. In ancient times, imperial guards also emphasized five basic techniques, namely, "Ming and Luan"-Harmony and Luan are the names of bells, which are tied to the stone of the car, and Luan bell is tied to the scale of the car, so that the sound of the two bells should be harmonious when driving. "chasing autumn water"-follow the buckling of water potential and don't fall into the water. "crossing the king's watch"-the royal car goes straight into the Yuanmen, but it is not biased. "Dance at the intersection"-when driving at the intersection, the car rotates in line with the dance rhythm. "Drive the bird to the left"-when hunting, make the left side of the car face the beast. It seems that ancient drivers were not easy to be. Confucius said that if God gave him two choices, whether to be a shooter or a royal hand, he chose to be a royal hand. Of course, the strongest monarch, the ancestor of the king of Qin, started as a driver for the chief.

Let's talk about a swing. Swing originated in Shanrong and belongs to an exotic species. The ancients thought it was an adult game because according to the characteristics of this game, it could satisfy the voyeuristic desire of some BT people. Some people said, can't it look like a barbarian in the west? Bah. We orientals like this subtle and meaningful beauty. Especially in Korea and Japan, these places are particularly good at interpreting this subtle artistic conception, and the films are coded. As for the swing play, please refer to the relevant chapters in the Chinese classic Jin Ping Mei.