historical background
Shantou was originally a fishing village by the sea in Jieyang (later living in Chenghai). In the Yuan Dynasty, a large fishing village was formed in the present Guanghuabu area, which was called "Xialing". By the ninth year of Jiajing (AD 153), sand ridges had been formed from the area around Laoma Palace on Waima Road to Qilu, which was called "sand hill". In the third year of Wanli (1575), sand ridges accumulated into pieces and were called "Shashanping". In the fifty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (1717), a fort and a smoke pier were built in the present Shantou Sub-branch of Waima Road People's Bank, which was called "Shashantou". Later, the Qing government set up a station here to collect salt tax, which was called "Shantou" for short. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (189), it was called "Shashantou Port" because more and more merchant ships docked. Before the opening of the port, the "Zhangchao Guild Hall" had been established, and commercial activities were increasingly active, with the prototype of a commercial port. After Shantou's opening, opium and foreign commodities were continuously imported, and a large number of "piglets" (contract Chinese laborers) were continuously transported to colonies of various countries as coolies. Britain, Germany, France, Norway, the United States, Japan and other countries successively set up consulates to carry out economic, cultural and military aggression.
Shantou is named the sand ridge formed by sediment accumulation in Yu Haibin. Due to the continuous alluvial sediment in the coastal area of Hanjiang River and the action of tidal waves, a natural sand dike is formed in the old urban area of Shantou today, which is called "Shantou" and called "Shantou" at the beginning. Shantou is also known as Tuo Island. Tiao is a small, round and spotted fish, which belongs to a kind of shark and is called shark Tiao. Shantou city is located on the side of Tuoji River, surrounded by water on three sides, and was once a peninsula in history. In the past, the bay was rich in sharks, so it was called "Tuo Island".
port opening-Shantou has a history of more than 14 years. It used to be a rough bay, but it was only because of the alluvial sediment carried by Hanjiang River in recent hundreds of years that it floated from the bottom of friends' sea. In the Yuan Dynasty, a large fishing village was initially formed in the present Guanghuabu area, which was called "Xialing" (1369) in the second year of Ming Hongwu, and Pengzhou Royal Thousand Households were set up here. In the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1575), the sand ridges at the mouth of Hanjiang River had accumulated into pieces, which were called "Shashanping". In the fifty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (AD 1717), a smoke pier and a battery were built here, which was called "Shashantou". From Yongzheng (AD 173) to Qianlong, more and more people moved here to live. In addition to fishing and farming, they also used seawater to dry salt, and salt vendors from all over the world often came here to sell salt. The Qing government set up a station here to collect salt tax. Shantou for short. Shantou is also known as "Tuo Island". Later, with the increasing frequency of merchant ships in the past, in the 21st year of Qianlong (A.D. 1756), the Qing government set up a "regular customs" in Fangjishan (now Mayu Island) to collect customs duties on north-south commercial transportation, which was the earliest customs established in Shantou.
Development
After the founding of the People's Republic of China-after the founding of New China in October 1949, it was reorganized and the Chaoshan area was established; In January 1953, it merged with Huiyang and Xingmei areas to form the Guangdong Administrative Office; In February 1956, it was called Shantou area together with Xingge. In 1965, Xingmei set up an independent area, and Shantou and its counties were called Shantou area. After several changes. However, Shantou City is the seat of local or regional party and government organs. In November 1981, a piece of land was set aside in Shantou City to establish Shantou Special Economic Zone. In July, 1983, the city merged and established the system of city leading counties, which governed Chenghai, Nan 'ao, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Jiexi, Puning, Huilai, Raoping and Chaozhou. In January 1989, Chaozhou was designated as a provincial city. On April 6, 1991, the State Council approved the expansion of Shantou Special Economic Zone to the whole city of Shantou, covering an area of 234 square kilometers, and it is scheduled to be formally implemented on November 1, 1991. In December 1991, the State Council decided to adjust the administrative divisions of Chaoshan area and set up three prefecture-level cities: Shantou, Chaozhou and Jieyang. In April 1993, the State Council approved Chaoyang to withdraw from the county and set up a city (county level); In April 1994, the state of Liao approved Chenghai to withdraw from the county and set up a city (county level); In the same month, the State Council approved Heqing Town of Chaoyang City to be transferred to Shantou City and set up Hepu District (county level). So far, Shantou City has jurisdiction over five county-level districts, namely Longhu, Jinyuan, Shengping, Dahao and Hepu, and Nan 'ao County, and is in charge of Chaoyang City and Chenghai City.
Shantou jinping district was approved by the State Council in March, 23, and was formed by the former Shengping District, Jinyuan District, Xunhui Neighborhood Committee of Xianshi Street in Dahao District and the area north of Longxi Road in longhu district.
after liberation on October 24th, 1949, Shantou was designated as a prefecture-level city under the provincial jurisdiction, with the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth district offices. The following year, the towns of Jinsha, Qishan and Dajiao in Bichenghai County were merged into the suburbs of Shantou. In October 195, the Chaoshan Commissioner's Office was established, which governs eight counties, namely, Chaoan, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Nan 'ao, Puning, Huilai and Chenghai. In July 1951, according to the decision of the 19th Committee meeting of Guangdong Province, the East Guangdong Office was established.
On November 14th, 1952, the office of East Guangdong was abolished and the administrative office of East Guangdong was established, with jurisdiction over 21 cities, namely Chaoan, Raoping, Puning, Chenghai, Jieyang, Huilai, Meixian, Fengshun, Xingning, Jiaoling, Zijin, Longchuan, Lufeng, Tai Po, Wuhua, Pingyuan, Huiyang, Heyuan, Haifeng and South Australia. On September 23rd, 1955, with the approval of the State Council, the administrative office of Yuedong was moved from Chaozhou to Shantou.
On November 16th, 1956, with the approval of the State Council, the administrative office of Guangdong Province was abolished, and Shantou District was established. Shantou City was a provincial city, and the first district of the city was changed to Anping District, the second district to Tongping District, the third district to Park District, and fourth area to Suburb District. Stone scenic area merged into Anping District. Shantou Special Zone governs 15 counties of Chaoan, Raoping, Chaoyang, Puning, Chenghai, Nan 'ao, Jieyang, Huilai, Meixian, Fengshun, Tai Po, Wuhua, Xingning, Pingyuan and Jiaoling, and Chaozhou City.
On November 25th, 1958, with the approval of Guangdong Provincial Committee, Chaozhou City was abolished and changed to Chengguan People's Commune of Chaoan County, and Shantou City was changed from provincial jurisdiction to Shantou District jurisdiction. At the same time, the urban area was expanded, and Xiapeng Township and? Puxiang, Hepu Township, Zhuyuan Township and Dahao Town of Chaoyang were included in Shantou City, and the suburban office of Shantou City was abolished and the suburban office of Shantou City was established. In the same year, Lufeng and Haifeng counties were included.
On July 19th, 1965, with the approval of the State Council, Jiexi County was established with a part of Jieyang County and a part of Lufeng County. In the same year, seven counties, namely Bimei County, Tai Po, Fengshun, Jiaoling, Pingyuan, Xingning and Wuhua, established Meixian Special Zone. Shantou Special Zone governs 11 counties of Chaoan, Chaoyang, Puning, Raoping, Jieyang, Lufeng, Haifeng, Chenghai, Nan 'ao, Huilai, Jiexi and Shantou City.
On March 16th, 1968, Shantou Revolutionary Committee was established with the approval of Guangdong Revolutionary Committee.
on November 22nd, 1975, with the approval of the State Council, Shantou was restored as a prefecture-level city under the provincial jurisdiction.
On March 2nd, 1979, Guangdong Provincial Committee notified the establishment of Shantou District Administrative Office, which was officially listed on January 1st, 198.
on August 26th, 198, with the approval of the State Council, 1.6 square kilometers was set aside in the Longhu area in the east of Shantou City to establish Shantou Special Economic Zone. On November 14, 1981, with the approval of the superior, the Management Committee of Shantou Special Economic Zone in Guangdong Province was formally established. On November 29th, 1984, with the approval of the State Council, Shantou Special Economic Zone expanded from 1.6 square kilometers to 52.6 square kilometers. Longhu area (including Mayu Island) is 22.6 square kilometers, and Guang 'ao area is 3 square kilometers. On August 26th, 1986, the 5th the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) officially approved the establishment of Shantou Special Economic Zone.
On July 13th, 1983, the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee decided to abolish the organizational system in Shantou, implement the system of merging cities and counties, and make Shantou a province directly under the central government (officially approved by the State Council on December 22nd). Shantou City has jurisdiction over 1 counties and 1 city, including Jieyang, Raoping, Chenghai, Chaoyang, South Australia, Puning, Huilai, Jiexi, Haifeng, Lufeng and Chaozhou, as well as five municipal districts and one special economic zone in Anping, Tongping, Park, Jinsha and Suburb. On the 27th, the provincial party committee informed that Haifeng and Lufeng counties were placed under the jurisdiction of Huiyang area from September 1st. Shantou * * has jurisdiction over 8 counties (Chenghai, Raoping, South Australia, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai, Jieyang and Jiexi), 1 city (Chaoan County merged with Chaozhou and was renamed Chaozhou City), 6 municipal districts (Anping, Tongping, Park, Jinsha, Dahao and Suburb) and special economic zones, and the whole city is * * *.
on December 29, 1983, the municipal party Committee issued the notice on adjusting the administrative divisions of municipal districts, which adjusted the urban area into six municipal districts. The administrative areas of Anping, Tongping, Park and Jinsha District will remain unchanged; The original suburb was divided into Dahao District and Suburb. The adjustment of zoning shall be implemented as of January 1, 1984 (approved by the State Council on November 29, 1984).
On January 1th, 1984, the Guangdong Provincial People's Government decided to entrust Shantou City with the custody of Chaozhou City.
on January 1, 1989, with the approval of the Guangdong provincial people's government, Chaozhou was listed as a provincial city, enjoying the city (prefecture) level economic management authority.
On April 6th, 1991, the State Council agreed to extend the scope of Shantou Special Economic Zone to Shantou City. The boundaries of the expanded Shantou Special Economic Zone are: Xinjin River, a tributary of Hanjiang River in the east, coastline in the south, Sangpu Mountain watershed in the northwest, Haojiang River in the southwest and Longkeng Mountain watershed in the north. The area has expanded from 52.6 square kilometers to about 234 square kilometers. The adjustment plan was implemented from November 1, 1991.
on September 14th, 1991, with the approval of the State Council, the administrative divisions of Shantou City were adjusted, and the six municipal districts of Anping, Tongping, Park, Jinsha, Dahao and suburbs in Shantou City and the two districts of Longhu and Guang 'ao in Shantou Special Economic Zone were adjusted into four municipal districts of Longhu, Jinyuan, Shengping and Dahao.
On December 7, 1991, the State Council decided to adjust the administrative divisions of Shantou and Chaozhou: 1. Chaozhou was upgraded to a prefecture-level city, and Chaoan County and Raoping County of Shantou City were placed under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou City; Second, cancel Jieyang County, set up Jieyang City (prefecture level), and put Jiedong County and Shantou's Jiexi, Puning and Huilai * * * counties under the jurisdiction of Jieyang City; 3. Shantou City governs the administrative divisions of Chaoyang, Chenghai and Nan 'ao counties and four districts of the city, covering an area of 2,64.4 square kilometers.
on April 15th, 1993, with the approval of the provincial people's government in the State Council, it was agreed to cancel Chaoyang county and set up Chaoyang city in the original administrative area, which was directly under the jurisdiction of the province. The provincial people's government decided to entrust Shantou City with the custody of Chaoyang City.
in 1994, it was approved by the State Council: (1) expanding the administrative area of municipal districts and adding Hepu District. On April 25th, the State Council approved to transfer the Hepu Town area of Chaoyang City to Shantou City, cancel the establishment of Hepu Town and set up Hepu District (county level). Hepu District is not a special zone, with a total administrative area of 52.8 square kilometers. After the adjustment and change, Shantou has jurisdiction over five districts, namely Longhu, Jinyuan, Shengping, Dahao and Hepu, with a total area of 298.3 square kilometers. (2) Chenghai County withdrew from the county to build the city. On April 21, the Provincial Civil Affairs Department approved the Shantou Municipal People's Government; The provincial people's government reported to the State Council for approval to cancel Chenghai County and establish Chenghai City (county level). The former administrative area of Chenghai County was the administrative area of Chenghai City, and the provincial people's government decided to entrust Shantou City to manage Chenghai City.
in 2, according to the data of the fifth national census, the total population of Shantou was 4,671,279; 184,746 in Dahao District, 255,888 in longhu district, 459,687 in Jinyuan District, 29,768 in Shengping District, 79,23 in Hepu District, 7,352 in Nan 'ao County, 2,47,812 in Chaoyang City and 86,3 in Chenghai City.
in 22, Shantou city administered 5 districts and 1 county, managed 2 county-level cities, 53 streets and 38 towns, 66 village committees and 549 neighborhood committees.
on January 29th, 23, the State Council approved (Guo Han [23] No.11) to adjust the administrative divisions of Shantou.
(1) The Shengping District and Jinyuan District of Shantou City were abolished, and the jinping district of Shantou City was established. In the former Shengping District, Jinyuan District (excluding the east area of high-tech development zone, that is, Tianshan North Road in the east, Huashan North Road in the west, Shantou Special Economic Zone North Boundary Line in the south, and Science and Technology North Third Street in the north, then turn to Science and Technology West Road and then turn to Science and Technology North Second Street in the south), Xunhui Neighborhood Committee of Queshi Street in the former Dahao District, and the area north of Longxi Road in longhu district (that is, Huashan North Road in the east, West to Longhugou in the west, Longxi Road in the south, and North). The District People's Government is located in Jinsha Middle Road (formerly the resident of Jinyuan District People's Government).
(2) Hepu District and Dahao District of Shantou City were abolished, and Haojiang District of Shantou City was established. The administrative areas of the former Dahao District (excluding Xunhui Neighborhood Committee of Jieshi Street) and Hepu District are the administrative areas of Haojiang District. District People's Government in Fuqian Road (formerly resident of Dahao District People's Government).
(3) The county-level Chaoyang City was abolished, and Chaoyang District and Chaonan District of Shantou City were established respectively. The administrative areas of Chaoyang District are four streets of Wenguang, Chengnan, Jinpu and Mianbei, and ten towns of Haimen, Hexi, Heping, Xilu, Guanbu, Zaopu, Jinyu, Gurao, Guiyu and Tongyu. The District People's Government is located in Zhonghua Road (formerly the resident of Chaoyang Municipal People's Government). The administrative areas of the southern Chaoyang district are 12 towns, namely Xiashan, Jingdu, Shalong (Shalong and Tianxin towns are called Longtian Town at the same time), Narita, Tian Xin, Simapu, Chendian, Liangying, Xiancheng, Huagang, Red Square and Leiling. District People's Government in Xiashan Town.
(4) The county-level Chenghai City was abolished and Chenghai District of Shantou City was established. Take the administrative area of Chenghai City (excluding Waisha Town and Xinxi Town) as the administrative area of Chenghai District. District People's Government in Wenguan Road (formerly the resident of Chenghai Municipal People's Government).
(5) The former towns of Waisha and Xinxi in Chenghai City and the eastern area of the former Jinyuan High-tech Development Zone (that is, Tianshan North Road in the east, Huashan North Road in the west, the northern boundary of Shantou Special Economic Zone in the south, and Science and Technology North Third Street in the north, turning south to Science and Technology West Road and then to Science and Technology North Second Street) are under the jurisdiction of longhu district.
on March 13th, the municipal party Committee and the municipal government held a mobilization meeting for the adjustment of administrative divisions in Shantou, and made comprehensive arrangements for the implementation of the adjustment of administrative divisions. On March 26th and April 1st, the transfer of administrative jurisdiction of the former Xunhui Neighborhood Committee of Dahao District, Waisha Town of Chenghai City and Xinxi Town was successfully completed. At the end of June, Shantou City completely completed the task of administrative division adjustment. (According to Yearbook of Shantou Special Zone, 24 Edition)
Before zoning adjustment: Jinyuan District covers an area of 38 square kilometers, with a population of 43,, and its postal code is 51541; Dahao District covers an area of 98 square kilometers, with a population of 19,, and its postal code is 51571. Longhu district covers an area of 47 square kilometers, with a population of 18,, and its postal code is 51541. Shengping District covers an area of 66 square kilometers, with a population of 31, and a postal code of 51521. Hepu District covers an area of 64 square kilometers, with a population of 8,, and its postal code is 515131. Chenghai covers an area of 43 square kilometers and has a population of 83,. Chaoyang City covers an area of 1,256 square kilometers, with a population of 2.51 million, with a postal code of 515,1, and governs 4 streets and 22 towns (the area and population are based on "Jane Booklet 23 Edition"). After the adjustment of zoning, Shantou has jurisdiction over 6 districts (Longhu, Jinping and Haohao)