Every mortal must have a name, and names must be divided into surnames and first names. Names are not only symbols of people, but also symbols of differences between people. Since ancient times, people have cherished their own names. Surnames and names in China have gone through a long process of evolution before they developed into names that people are used to today. In ancient China, surnames and first names were not used at the beginning, but surnames came first, followed by names, people, nicknames and so on.
The ancients said: "It is better to teach children a skill than to give them a thousand dollars;" Give your son a good name instead of teaching him a skill. "That's true. People in China always pay great attention to naming names. It is not without reason that people in China value names. In the eyes of China people, names are of great significance in people's lives, not just a symbol with no practical significance.
As a symbol, surnames and names can't determine people's fate, but they always carry the information of the times, engrave cultural concepts, leave the brand of family lineage, condense parents' deep feelings and ardent expectations for their children, and imply different ideals, interests, hobbies and goal pursuits, which play a subtle role in life. Name is the beginning of family education, the lock of parents' information code on their children's life prospects, and the "curing agent" to strengthen personal wishes or social responsibilities. Names full of life beliefs will standardize, function and influence people's lives.
[Edit this paragraph] Discussion on ancient naming
Since ancient times, people have attached great importance to naming. Gu Taisa Yin Wenzi said: Form should be named, name should be determined, and things should be proved. In other words, observing and distinguishing things and people must be named before they can succeed. Xunzi once said: "The right way is easy and not brushed." It means: a name has a perfect name, a name that is easy to understand and not misunderstood, which can be said to be a good name. In order to get a good name, young parents always have to open a thick dictionary and rack their brains to find ways to get a good name for their baby. As Yan Fu, a modern bourgeois enlightenment thinker, said, "Once a name is established, a month will pass." In a certain social environment, a name can even determine a person's future and destiny. In the seventh year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, Wang Guojun, a candidate from Jiangsu Province, was among the best. He was honored to take the court exam, which was the first class. Because empress dowager cixi saw that his name was homophonic with "the king of national subjugation", she was greatly dissatisfied and immediately ordered to be reduced to third class in the court examination. Wang Guojun was sent to Anhui as a local official and was discussed to teach. He worked as an instructor in Shanyang county for 20 years, and was later elected as the county magistrate of Yunnan because of his outstanding talents. He died before he took office. In the 30th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty, Liu Chunlin, a native of Zhili, took part in the scientific research, ranking in the top three. Because his name "Chunlin" means spring rain, and his surname is homophonic with "Liu", he is very popular with Empress Dowager Cixi. She thought this man's name was auspicious and in line with her eternal mood, so she decided to pull Liu Chunlin to the first place in the first category and become the last scholar in the Qing Dynasty.
Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was also miserable because of his father's name. When the talented Li He was preparing to take the national examination, someone slandered him, saying that Li He's father was called Jin Su, and "Jin" was homophonic with Jinshi's "Jin", which was a big taboo. Li is afraid to take the exam. What is even more tragic is that Cha Siting, assistant minister of rites in Yongzheng period of Qing Dynasty, was discredited because of the name of the emperor. He took the sentence "Wei Minzhi" in the Book of Songs as an examination question, but was falsely accused with ulterior motives, implying that Yongzheng would be beheaded on the grounds that the word "Wei" was "Yong" and the word "Zhi" was "Zheng". In the end, he not only died of illness in prison, but also was beheaded. Although this is closely related to the strict hierarchy in feudal society, it is enough to see the importance of names to a person. To get a good name, we must correct it first, and then we can speak smoothly. Su Xun, a famous person in Song Dynasty, once wrote a typical work for his brother's name, which was named Zhong Xiong's Ci and Fu. Su Xun's brother (second brother) is called Su Huan. After reading the Book of Changes, Su Xun thought that Brother Zhong's name was inappropriate, and suggested using "Wen Fu" instead of "Gong Qun". Su Xun discussed the philosophy of life in the article, and devoted his life belief to it, which is a masterpiece with vigorous brushwork.
If the name is incorrect, it will not go smoothly, and sometimes it will leave a laughing stock and make people laugh. Wei Zhongxian, a great eunuch in the reign of Emperor Xizong of Ming Dynasty, was originally a rogue, originally named Li Jinzhong, and later changed his surname to serve the eunuch Wei Dynasty. He had an affair with Xizong's wet nurse Hakkas, and gained Xizong's trust because of Hakkas, and gradually took charge of state affairs. He spread his wings, made close friends all over the world, rejected and attacked honest and loyal officials in North Korea, and oppressed celebrities in Lindong. This flatterer actually called him "Nine Thousand Years Old", and governors all over the world built a shrine for him to worship. Such a big traitor was unfaithful and immoral, and eventually left a lasting stigma. How can Wei Zhongxian come to a good end because of Wei's inharmony? Qin Gui, a great traitor in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote this sentence. Qin Gui is insidious, cruel in nature, likes to slander and persecute Zhongliang, and there are countless unjust cases, among which framing Yue Fei is the most obvious. What he did coincides with his name "juniper", which is a kind of juniper, covered with thorns and stinging people everywhere.
Although it is not absolute that a good name matches a good person, we should try our best to correct it, as the elegant and romantic Su Dongpo said: "There is nothing in the world except a name." Now, the young parents of the one-child family in our country are thinking hard and quoting classics on their names for the sake of their children's great ambition and successful career. A good name contains an expectation.
The name is gold. With the awareness of name correction, you can get a good name. What is a good name? Although there are different opinions, there is a consensus that names, as a tool of social communication, should be tested by social practice. Names are not only a question of self-evaluation, but also a question of aesthetic and social evaluation of others. Names rooted in China's excellent traditional culture meet the psychological needs of China people and reflect the aesthetic taste and national identity of China people. We should try our best to make people as they are called.
The ancients had names soon after they were born, and they had to take characters when they grew up. The two are linked and called names. Regarding the role of the two, Wang Yingkui, a Qing man, once said: "The names of the ancients are positive, but the words are meaningful." It means that names are used to distinguish each other, while words are used to express virtue. They are different in nature and use. Generally speaking, in ancient times, the first name was a phased title. When I was a child, I called my nickname, but when I grew up, I called my name. When there is a word, the name becomes something that should be avoided. When it is commensurate, it can only be called a word instead of a name.
In most cases, names and words together constitute a person's code. Although they have different uses, they are still related. Most of the ancient people chose words because of their names, and it was almost impossible to see that the names had nothing to do with the contents of the words.
In addition to names and words, the ancients also used numbers instead of names. Hao is a fixed alias, also known as "alias". As early as the Zhou Dynasty, people began to take numbers. In this regard, "Zhou Li" explained that numbers are "more beautiful by respecting their names", which means that numbers are a respectful name or a good name except names and words. The early trumpet has this feature, and most people who own the trumpet are sages and scholars. Such as Laozi's nickname Guang Chengzi and Fan Li's nickname Li Yizi. In the pre-Qin period, there were not many people with names and numbers. By the time of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were still not many people taking numbers. The only people who record history are Mr. Tao Qian (alias Mr. Wu Liu) and Ge Hong (alias Bao Puzi). However, in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the prosperity of feudal countries and the highly developed culture, more and more people took names other than words and names. For example, Li Bai's Violet Vulgar, Du Fu's Shaoling Night Old Man and Bai Juyi's Xiangshan Vulgar all belong to this category. In the Song Dynasty, the wind of taking numbers further developed. The well-known Water Margin 108 will have nicknames, which represents the social atmosphere at that time. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, people regarded numbering as a fashion, and almost everyone from the emperor to the common people had a number. As Ling recorded in the book Yang Zao Bian, at that time, "there were many people in the village, and those who couldn't read had their own number. They were mediocre and crazy, and they were full of pine trees and springs. It is ridiculous to be a brother's mountain and a brother's water, and a man's pine is bamboo. Recently, women have also had them, and people call them' curly old guys like me', which is a pity. "Even some thieves who become outlaws have nicknames. For example, an example of a county magistrate handling a case in the above book is very illustrative. This example is that a county magistrate accused the prisoner of exonerating himself when trying a theft case. The prisoner suddenly said, "Don't be silly." The county magistrate didn't understand its meaning. After asking around, he realized that the prisoner was calling himself another name.
In the use of characters, numbering is different from naming and characters, and most of them are not limited by the number of words. Judging from the known nicknames of past dynasties, there are 2 nicknames, 3 nicknames, 4 nicknames, and even nicknames with more than 10 characters and more than 20 characters. For example, the nickname of Zheng Banqiao, a painter in the Qing Dynasty, is 12, that is, "Emperor Kangxi, scholar, Yongzheng, was awarded the title of Qianlong Jinshi". As for a religious mage named Shi Chengguo, there are as many as 28 nicknames, namely, "Little Foshan, a monk in Wan Li, is in charge of world famous mountains and romantic affairs, and he is also responsible for the salary of cranes." It's a wonder that a person's nickname actually uses nearly 30 words.
Because the ancient people chose numbers at will without taboo, it stimulated the Ming and Qing people who suffered from literary inquisition and taboo to some extent, prompting them to choose other names to express themselves. At that time, most people took a nickname, but some people had several nicknames. For example, Shi Tao, a painter in the early Qing Dynasty, was called Hongji and had four aliases, namely, Qing Xiang Taoist, Bitter Melon Monk, Big Dipper and Blind.
To sum up, the appellation of ancient people in China is far more complicated than that of modern people. They have names, characters and numbers. This phenomenon of the coexistence of names and store names not only meets the needs of parties of different ages and occasions, but also adds new content to the name culture of China.
1. Name it. Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics and Dividing Water in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "In the eleventh year of the Han Dynasty, Jin Qiang sealed the state of Hou, and later set up a field in Sri Lanka to harvest millet, which was called Yangchangcang. There are sheep intestines in the mountains, northwest of Jinyang, and stones wander. If the sheep intestines are embarrassed, Cangban is named. " Scene 7 of Beijing Opera "Ode to the Dragon River": "My parents gave birth to me and named me Pan Shui."
2. seek a name. Tang Hanyu's Textual Research on Cui Yu: "Today's husbands are named after their questions." Zhou Dunyi, a biography of Taoism in Song Dynasty: "Huang Tingjian called him' a man with noble character and free mind, like the wind and the moon'. Cheaper than naming, but more acute than seeking ambition. "
[Edit this paragraph] New country naming regulations
In June 2007, the Ministry of Public Security issued the "Regulations on Name Registration (Draft)", which has been studied and drafted by the Ministry of Public Security and distributed to local public security organs for training. A person from the relevant business department of the Ministry of Public Security said that the "Regulations" are still in the process of research, and now they are only a first draft.
★ New rules for naming children Parents' double surnames can be used together.
The "Regulations on Name Registration (Draft)" made it mandatory for citizens' names for the first time: citizens should take their father's surname or mother's surname, but both parents' surnames are allowed. When children take their parents' surnames, they can be named according to their double surnames, but they are not considered as compound surnames. According to the existing 160 1 surnames in China, this practice will increase1280,000 double surnames, thus alleviating the problem of duplicate surnames among the population with big surnames.
Judging from the actual situation in China, allowing children to take their father's surname or mother's surname and advocating the adoption of both parents' surnames can not only show the family and blood relationship between children and parents, but also have positive significance in solving the problem of people with big surnames having the same name.
★ There are restrictions on the use of names.
The use of Chinese characters in citizens' names should be restricted under certain conditions. The "Regulations" stipulate that the name shall not contain the following contents: 1 damaging the dignity of the country or the nation; 2. Violating national customs; 3, easy to cause adverse reactions or misunderstandings of the public.
Considering that the number of words in Chinese names is usually two to three Chinese characters, compound surnames or three to four Chinese characters, the Regulations stipulate that, except those who use minority languages or write or translate Chinese characters, names should use more than two Chinese characters and less than six Chinese characters. For example, if the husband's surname is Zheng and the wife's surname is Fu, they can name the child "Beckham".
According to the regulations, the name shall not use or contain the following characters, letters, numbers and symbols: 1. Simplified traditional Chinese characters; 2. Variants that have been eliminated, except those in surnames; 3. Make your own words; 4. foreign languages; 5. Chinese Pinyin; 6. Arabic numerals; 7. symbols; 8. Other languages beyond the scope of Chinese characters and minority languages.
Change: renaming is only once in a lifetime.
The "Regulations" stipulate that when children adopt the surnames of both parents, they can be named by two surnames, which is not a compound surname. Once implemented, many parents may intend to change their children's names. At the same time, the "Regulations on Name Registration (Draft)" also stipulates that in order to prevent the abuse of name rights and frequent name changes, after the implementation of the regulations, citizens who have reached the age of 18 in China can apply for name change registration only once. The Regulations also stipulate that those who apply for name registration or name change registration with false certification materials shall be given a warning by the household registration authority and fined below 500 yuan. Whoever defrauds the name registration or changes the name registration shall be fined in 800 yuan.
[Edit this paragraph] Name-naming skills of dairy cows
Nomenclatology believes that a person's name is closely related to the zodiac. The so-called zodiac is the trunk of the year when a person was born. If Jiazi was born in the year of birth, he was a mouse, in the ugly year, he was a cow, in the year of Bingyin, he was a tiger and so on. In the zodiac, rats and cows, tigers and pigs, rabbits and dogs, dragons and chickens, snakes and monkeys, horses and sheep live in harmony; There are conflicts between rats and horses, cattle and sheep, tigers and monkeys, rabbits and chickens, dragons and dogs, snakes and pigs; Rats and sheep, cows and horses, tigers and snakes, rabbits and dragons, monkeys and pigs, chickens and dogs are mutually harmful. In the name, "rush" and "harm" are fierce, and "combination" is auspicious. Therefore, when naming a name, we should try to combine the name with the zodiac to avoid damage. How to avoid it? This paper only analyzes the calf as an example.
Appropriate words to name dairy cows.
(1) The radical of "grass" is used. Because cows eat grass as their staple food, their name is grass, which means that they are rich in food, full of inner world, and have no worries about food and clothing all their lives. For example: reason, culture, wisdom, subtlety, Confucianism, equality, classics, connection, meaning, happiness, luck, diligence, ignorance, simplicity, elegance, flexibility and English.
(2) the radical with "gang" is like a snake; There are also radicals of "unitary", "bird" and "feather", because "unitary ugliness" is a triad, that is, cows, snakes and chickens are commensurate with each other and help each other. For example: self, guide, match, west, omen, phoenix, autumn, ze, lane, wheat, phoenix, flying, sword, phoenix, crane, sparrow, Ming, gull, warbler, pigeon, rainbow, cuckoo, ba, Mao and Xiang.
(3) The word "Mi" stands for cows resting under the eaves. For example: home, defense, security, treasure, stability, guest, macro, appropriate, gentle, inexpensive, court, cautious, gentle and so on. However, the word "prison" means "prison", so it should be used with caution.
(4) With the root of "field", cattle can graze or plow in the field in appropriate places, enjoy food leisurely or plow diligently, do their duty and work hard. Such as: A, You, Shen, Dian, Male, Boundary, Apparatus, Thinking, Waiting, Finance, Circumstance, Xinjiang, Miao and Lei.
(5) There are roots such as "He", "Shu", "Zi", "Wheat", "Rice" and "Bean", all of which are the staple foods that vegetarians like to eat. Those who are short of cattle have the above roots, which shows that they are rich in food, have enough to eat and wear, and will never be poor all their lives. For example: Xiu, He, Bing, Ke, Qin, Cheng, Zhong, Bing, Mi, Gu, Ji, Jia, Su, Ying, Ji, Mai, Mi, Liang, Zhen and Dou.
(6) There is a "cart" in the shape of a word, which means that a cow pulls a cart and has the meaning of upgrading to a horse. Although the ox pulling the cart is bitter and tired, it still accepts its fate, does not carry the burden, completes the task, is affirmed by its owner, and has the ability and responsibility to carry it out. Such as: Lian, Lian, Yun, Xuan, Yun, Lun, Qi, Qing, Shi and Hui.
Taboo words for naming people who belong to cattle.
(1) Avoid using the radical of "heart", because the word "heart" represents the heart and is also the main meat. Cows don't eat meat. If Xiao Niu's name has "heart" or "spoon", it is easy to feel mentally lost, but you can't eat meat. For example: heart, ambition, loyalty, kindness, constancy, kindness, benefit, intention, wisdom, and bosom, etc.
(2) The radical of "horse" should not be used, because "the green cow runs away without fighting when it meets a white horse", "the bull's head is not right for the horse's mouth" and "the wind and the horse are irrelevant", and the cow and the horse are punished with each other, that is, ugliness is harmful in the afternoon. For example: Jun, Cheng, Ji, Teng, Ma, Feng, Xu, Du, Hua, Luo and Wu.
(3) Avoid using the radical of "sheep", because cows and sheep are "hedged", that is, ugly but not hedged. For example, the words "kindness, group, auspiciousness and beauty" are easily reminiscent of where you are going and unpleasant things.
(4) Avoid radical radicals such as "use", "towel", "clothing", "talent", "show" and "tie", which are like wearing colorful clothes. If a cow wears colorful clothes, it will become a fire bull array instead of a sacrifice, and it will pay for others without regrets until it dies of old age. For example: Cai, Yan, Bin, Yu, Zu, Lu, Fu, Li, Hu, Qiu, Chu, Xiang and Pei.
(5) Avoid radical radicals such as Wang, Yu, Jun, Di, Da, Chang and Guan. People are afraid of famous pigs and strong cows. When the cow is too big, it is easy to become a victim. For example: Ling, Mei, Zhen, Min, Li, Zhu, Qin, Qi, Rui, Ying, Yu, Zhang, Huan, Yang, Huan, Kui and so on.
(6) Avoid the radical of "sun" and "mountain", because cows become "wheezing cows" by farming in the sun; It is also very hard for cows to walk on the mountain road, and it is difficult for cows to walk on the mountain; In ancient times, the son of heaven sacrificed cattle to the sun. Such as: jade, emptiness, brightness, meaning, hope, spring, regularity, classics, wisdom, benefit, filial piety, wind, moon, monarch, rigidity, courage and glory.
(7) Avoid the root of "show", which means sacrifice. Since ancient times, cattle, sheep and pigs have been sacrifices from heaven. As a cow, it is too expensive to sacrifice yourself and exchange your life for glory. It is best to avoid using words such as "gone with the wind", "standard" and "extraordinary".
(8) Avoid the roots of Yao, Shun, Yu and Yong. Xiao Niu's name is as taboo as that of previous emperors such as Li Shimin and Zhu Yuanzhang. Xiao Niu calls you Wang, which will make the cow hard, hurt the health of the cow and weaken the resistance of the cow.
Besides, some Xiao Niu's babies should be named and told to everyone.
Examples of female names: Xue Zhu, Xuefen, Qingyun, Fangqing, Wanruo, Wan Ru, Xia Qing, Qing Xue, Qinggui, Qingqi, Zilan, Cui Zi, Han Mei, Korean drama, Qiong Yao, Qiong Ying, Crescent Moon, Spring Festival, Cuiying, Cuiwei, Jingying, Jingfan, Bess and Bisong.
Examples of male names: Xinqing, Xinshu, Lyu3 bu4, Fan Fei, Genie, Hechen, Yelang, Mao Ye, Baiyun, Bailang, Lishan, Liyan, Keren, Keren, Danxue, Rangjing, Fan Jiang, Jiang Yu, Bingchi, Gongle, Ren Fei, Renxin, Relocation and Prayer.
Personality characteristics and taboos of cow baby names,
Cattle grazing on the great plains will obey the command of a cowherd. When they enter the field, a cow has similar physical fitness, but there are more than two cowherd. Cattle are not as good as people, and it is not good to bear too much burden. Cattle are livestock in the field, and they can give full play to their abilities in the right place.
Personality characteristics and naming taboos of dairy cows.
Ugliness, which means connection and arrangement, belongs to the second place in the twelve branches, and its orientation is north, north and east. In a day, midnight 1: 00 to 3: 00 is the time when all plants and trees fall asleep. For the four seasons, it is December, which is a month of family reunion around the stove.
Cows can carry the burden to the end and will never stop until they reach their goals. Cows have always insisted on their own opinions and achieved their goals at their own pace, so they chose "cow" to represent "ugliness".
The correct way to name a baby in the Year of the Ox should be like this:
Firstly, the horoscope is calculated according to the year, month and day of the baby's birth, and the fortune of the fleeting time and the four-pillar charm is discharged, and the naming scheme is formulated through the five-grid dissection method of the naming book. Five squares should be auspicious, and three talents should be smooth, especially paying attention to the following points:
1. size: the name has a size. If they are too big, the Lord can't resist them, which will lead to disaster. If they are too small, waste will delay the good life of the Lord.
2. Choose God: Perfect the collocation of five elements.
3. Divide the civil and military: the text is taken from the literary life, and the military is taken from the military life. Don't confuse it.
4. Distinguish thickness: bold people use the name of grandeur, and refined people use the name of Jing Ya.
5. Look at status: people with high positions use powerful divinatory symbols, while people with low positions use lucky divinatory symbols.
6. Looking for good or ill luck: Find out the disaster and use divination to resist it.
7. Matching fonts: according to the surname structure, matching fonts, up and down, left and right, unique, complex and simple, etc.
8. Pick the pronunciation: the third word must be picked up.
9. Meaning of words: check the life of the master and choose poetic words.
Xiao Niu was born in the year of Xiao Niu, so be careful in Xiao Yang, Xiao Long and Ma Xiao. In the Year of Rat and year of the snake, it was smooth sailing and successful.
According to Liuhe, Sanhe and Crosstalk Theory, surnames suitable for birth in the Year of the Ox are: Shi, Tian, Shen, Gu, Huang, Miao, Gu, Kang, Pang, Long, Gong, Nong, Zhang, Niu, Yuan, Lian, Mao, Zheng, Fei, Weng, Wu, Jin, Yao and Jia.
Surnames unsuitable for birth in the Year of the Ox: Zhu, Xu, Ni, Tong, Zhang, Yang, Xiong, Ma, Xu, Feng, Jiang, Ding, Cheng, Wu, Sheng and Di.
Trinity: Ugliness (snake, chicken, cow) is trinity.
⑷: Xuan, Lotus, Sword, Red, Kai, Buddha, etc. all have (snake) shapes and radicals.
You: Zheng, Weng, Que, Yan, Zhao, Tao, Fei, Fei, etc. There are chicken-shaped and radical parts.
Ugly: Xiao Niu can keep pace with cattle. It's easy to pull a cart with two cows.
"Three Meetings" Haizi Ugly Three Meetings (Shuishe)
H: A, Hao, Hao, Hao, Shu, etc. It has the shape of a pig and a radical.
Zi: water, cheng, shellfish, black, ancient, etc. Having the shape of a mouse and a radical.
Ugliness: begging, offering sacrifices, flying, flies, etc. It has the shape of a bull and a radical.
[Edit this paragraph] The cultural connotation of the name
The ancients took names, and there was a certain relationship between names and words, which set off each other and supplemented each other.
For example: Qu Yuan, the word Ping, the real name, Ping is the word, Ping is connected with the original word. Kong Rong, the word "Wen Ju", is integrated into one name, which means to achieve mastery through a comprehensive study. The word "Wen Ju" made the article famous at one fell swoop, with brilliant satellites. Bai Juyi, the word Lotte, Lotte and Juyi complement each other.