The short song "Sing to wine, life is geometric" expresses Wei Wudi's thirst for talent, and "sober men of olden days and sages are forgotten, only the drinker keeps his name" expresses Li Taibai's heroism. Since ancient times, wine has been an indispensable part of our people. Since Du Kang made wine, wine has gradually appeared in our life and culture. With the opening of the Silk Road, a new kind of wine has slowly appeared in front of us, that is, wine spread along the Silk Road. Let's see what changes and influences the spread of wine has had on ancient culture and people's lives.

1. The production of wine and its development in ancient China

1. The production of wine

According to historical materials and the excavation of archaeological sites, most historians believe that the ancient Persian country, which is also one of the cradles of ancient civilization, was one of the earliest countries to collect and brew wine. With the wars and commercial activities in ancient times, the culture and economy of various regions have deepened and blended, and the methods of wine brewing have spread to some Arab countries, and gradually spread to western countries with the spread of commerce and culture.

In the third year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions on the orders of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When he passed through Dawan, he saw someone making wine from grapes, and the rich hid more than 1, stones of wine. Later, the envoys of the Han Dynasty took the fruit seeds. Since then, wine has spread in China. In each dynasty, it has its own characteristics and development.

2. The development of wine in China

According to the biographies of Dawan in Historical Records, when Zhang Qian was sent to the Western Regions on the orders of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the third year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty, he saw the process of brewing wine. According to the book, "Putao is used as wine for the left and right, and the rich hide more than 1, stones of wine, and those who have been unbeaten for decades". Later, "the Chinese envoy took the truth", with seeds and fruits, the ancient working people in China began to cultivate grapes and use them to make wine.

Wei Wendi once said, "Let's talk about grapes, but when you are drunk, you wake up. Cover up and eat; Be tireless, crisp and tireless, cold and not cold, with a long taste and plenty of juice, to quench your thirst. It is also brewed as wine, willing to be awkward, good at drunkenness and easy to wake up. " Through the description of this passage, we can see that people in the Han Dynasty knew enough about the functions and effects of grapes and wine.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Gaochang had already paid tribute to our grapes. After Hou Junji pacified Gaochang, he brought the local mare's milk grapes and wine-making technology to the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, improved the wine-making method and shared it with his ministers. With the development of time, the Tang Dynasty gradually became the economic and cultural center of the world at that time. In Chang 'an and other cities, merchants from the western regions sold wine.

at that time, exotic huji and wine touched the hearts of many businessmen. During the Yuan Dynasty, the development of wine reached its peak. There were a large number of high-quality vineyards and advanced brewing techniques in Shanxi, and local businessmen were proud of selling wine all over the country. During the Ming Dynasty, the development of wine entered a bottleneck period, and there was no progress in collection and brewing methods. However, since the germination of capitalism in China originated in the Ming Dynasty, it provided the first condition for the accelerated transformation of wine.

in the early Qing dynasty, due to a series of actions and policies of emperor Kangxi, Qianlong and other emperors, the western region gradually settled down. As a result, grapes were planted in a large area. Due to the unique lighting conditions in the west and the short days and nights, the grapes were extremely sweet, and the quality of the wine brewed from them would be improved. When the wine output increased, the merchants promoted the wine more closely and frequently. Under such a large-scale promotion, in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, the wine "flew into the ordinary."

With the outbreak of the Opium War in the late Qing Dynasty, China's door was opened and it became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The influx of foreign capital brought great suffering to our people, but objectively it also accelerated the emergence of capitalism in China. In 1892, Zhang Bishi, a patriotic overseas Chinese, founded Changyu Wine Company, which became a household name. In 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the father of the Republic of China who led the Revolution of 1911, visited and inspected the winery. After tasting it, he personally wrote the words "Pinzhong Liquan" to show his encouragement.

the characteristics of modern economic globalization have accelerated the spread of cultures in various countries, and the habit of using wine as a table wine in Europe and America has been gradually understood by Chinese people. The acceptance of wine by Chinese people has been further improved, and more excellent wine brands have been born in China. They compete with each other and promote development.

second, the influence of wine culture on China

1. Health culture of wine

At first, most ancient wines were drunk by the rich and nobles, so we can find some descriptions about wine from some historical records. Since ancient times, Chinese people have thought that drinking can keep health, and ancient wine-making techniques were mostly refined and fermented with grain, so people think that wine is the essence of five grains.

There used to be a popular saying that "wine is the essence of grain, and the more you drink, the younger you get." From this sentence, we can see that people have always believed in the health-preserving effect of wine. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory, drinking is suitable for the elderly and infirm, and it has the effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Su Jing, a pharmacist in the Tang Dynasty, once mentioned the effect of wine in Tang Materia Medica (also known as Newly Revised Materia Medica), and he thought that wine had the effect of "warming the waist and kidneys, preserving color and resisting cold".

Li Shizhen, a famous medical doctor in Ming Dynasty, also mentioned grapes and wine in Compendium of Materia Medica. He thought that wine can help people to maintain beauty and has certain beauty effect. Modern scientific research found that drinking wine can increase the content of melatonin in the human body, which can help people with insomnia and has a certain effect on sleep, but drinking wine before going to bed will have a certain impact on the liver and kidneys. Therefore, although wine has a certain health care effect, we should pay attention to the time and amount of drinking.

2. The influence of wine on China culture

Since ancient times, people in our country have been closely related to wine. Literati and poets drink to add fun when they are proud, while emigrants and poets drink to relieve their worries when they are frustrated. "How to solve their worries is only Du Kang". Let us see the scene of Wei Wudi's triumphant trip to Chibi with his poems. "hand them to the boy to exchange for good wine, with you, sells eternal sorrow." We can see that most of the Buddhists in the Tang Dynasty were violet when they spit at the embroidered mouth. "Going into the depths of lotus flowers by mistake, getting drunk and not knowing the way back" makes us see the lovely side of the Buddhists in Yi 'an when they are drunk.

There are also many poems describing wine in ancient China. Lu Ji wrote in "Drinking Music": "Grapes are fragrant at all times, and colored glasses are old guests for thousands of minutes. Drinking and dancing at night is late in selling candles, which urges people to wake up. " In this poem, we can see the life of the upper class in the Western Jin Dynasty. Princes and nobles drink grapes and wine all year round, and drink and have fun every day.

The Western Jin Dynasty has been greedy for pleasure since Sima Yan began. At first, Sima Yan knew to set an example and advocate thrift and simplicity. Later, when he found that it didn't work, he became extravagant and wasted himself. When Wang Kai and Shi Chong became aware of their wealth, he not only didn't blame them, but also secretly helped his uncle Wang Kai. Under the guidance of Sima Yan, the gentry doctors also indulged. Xu Wang Ji liked to raise horses, built a racecourse by himself, and covered the surrounding trenches with copper coins. At the banquet in Shi Chong in the Western Jin Dynasty, he would let the beauty persuade the wine, and if the guests didn't drink it, they would kill the beauty who persuaded the wine until the guests gave in. The extravagance and absurdity of the Western Jin Dynasty can be seen. With these "examples", the princes.

"Camel pith is cooked with wine, and deer fetus is cooked with radish soup." "Hanbanhua welcomes the golden plate boat, and the wine pours jade pot pulp." "The sound of the ring is clear in the early morning, and the wine is green in the spring banquet." During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the economy was very developed, and merchants came to and from the Tang Dynasty in an endless stream. Chang 'an's wine shops were row upon row. These poems seemed to let us see the prosperity of literati enjoying delicious food at the banquet.

During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Hu Ji and wine in restaurants were full of western customs, which attracted a large number of merchants and literati. They wrote down the prosperity and prosperity at that time with their notes, and people's pride at that time was also reflected in them.

"Grape wine luminous cup, if you want to drink pipa, please hurry up immediately. Drunk and lying on the battlefield, you don't laugh, and you have been fighting for several times in ancient times. " From this poem, we can see that in the tough frontier fortress, the border officers and soldiers are drinking and getting drunk on the long battlefield of yellow sand. From this, we feel the imposing manner of the soldiers at the border, and the poet's passion and feelings for home and country. In glass after glass of wine, we seem to be immersed in it. It is precisely because of the rendering of grape wine and the comparison of several people who fought in ancient times that we understand the determination and will of the soldiers and the cruelty of war. Since ancient times, wine has brought countless inspirations and talents to poets, and also enabled us to appreciate the elegance and boldness of poets in poems.

summary

China has a wine culture since ancient times. Wine has a long history in China. China is one of the earliest countries to brew wine. With the opening of the Silk Road, China has introduced grape and wine brewing technologies. Before the Qing dynasty, due to the brewing technology of wine and other reasons, only a few rich people and nobles could enjoy it.

However, with the passage of time and the improvement of grape planting technology and wine-making technology, wine has been gradually contacted by the broad masses of people, and we have also born many cultures about wine. With the development of the times, wine has become an indispensable consumer product for our health and pleasure. With globalization, foreign cultures have been integrated with Chinese culture, and Chinese wine culture has also formed a unique cultural outlook.