Looking at the Snow in the Pavilion in the Heart of the Lake is selected from the Book of Dreams in Taoan (Yue Ya Tang Cong Shu). It is the masterpiece of Zhang Dai, a writer in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and it can be called the "most beautiful article" describing the West Lake in ancient and modern times. The author was born in an official family and has never been an official in his life. Following the two schools of "Gong 'an" and "Jingling", he wrote about the pain of the country's ruin and death with a light pen, which contained feelings in the environment and had far-reaching interests. He was a "temple army" with high achievements among prose writers in the late Ming Dynasty.

With refined pen and ink, the article describes the process of the author's own pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow, and depicts the quiet, far-reaching, white and vast snow scene he saw.

The article shows the author's lonely mood and faint sadness by writing about the encounter with his bosom friend while enjoying the snow in the lake pavilion. It highlights the author's elegant taste of being independent and outstanding. It expresses the author's joy and regret when he met his bosom friend, reflects the author's thoughts about his motherland, and also reflects the author's quality of not going with the world, not drifting with the tide, his feelings of being far away from the world and enjoying himself alone, and at the same time, it also entrusts with the slim sigh of life.

Original text:

In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in the West Lake. The snow fell for many days, and the noise of the pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. This evening around eight o'clock, I held a small boat, dressed in a fur coat, with a stove, and went to the lake pavilion to see the snow. The ice flowers are filled with the sky, the sky and the water, and the sky is pure white. The shadow on the lake is only a trace of the long embankment and a little pavilion in the middle of the lake, which is just a mustard with Yu Zhou and two or three people in the boat.

On the pavilion, two people sat opposite each other with blankets, and a boy's shochu stove was boiling. Seeing Yu, he was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" Pull Yu to drink together, and Yu Qiang drinks three big whites without saying goodbye. Ask their last name, is the Nanjing people, in this place guest. When waiting for the boat, the boatman murmured, " don't say your Excellency, you idiot, and a man like you crazy!" ！ ” [1]

Appreciation:

This article is a masterpiece of Zhang Dai's essays. By recalling an experience of watching the snow by boat in the West Lake, the author writes about the fresh and elegant scenery of the West Lake after the snow, showing deep seclusion thoughts and expressing deep attachment and sentimental feelings. After three days of heavy snow and the dead of night, the author went alone in the boat. I met a guest unexpectedly in the pavilion, and the three of them exchanged names before leaving. Zhou Zi mumbled, and was infatuated with three people, but I didn't know that these three people were just temperamental people. The most striking feature of this paper is that it is concise in writing, and the full text is less than 2 words, but it integrates narrative, scenery and lyricism. What is particularly amazing is that the author's efforts in tempering quantifiers, the combination of "one mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains", actually conveys the eternal vastness and even the silent atmosphere, which is amazing. The author makes good use of contrast techniques, big and small, cold and hot, loneliness and bosom friend, and the contrast is sharp, which effectively expresses the deep feelings of life and the lingering thoughts of the old country. He also used the technique of line drawing to express the author's surprise of enjoying the snow, lofty and self-admiring feelings and faint sadness. The full text is full of scenes, natural and natural, without a sense of carving, giving people a pleasant feeling. The word "chi" (as a fisherman) expresses the author's leisure and elegance, which is independent and unconventional, and also shows the author's love for life and beautiful taste. The word "crazy" is mainly reflected in the author's obsession with the snow scene, the elegance beyond the secular world and the pleasure of meeting a bosom friend, but only because he lives here, with a touch of sadness.

I lived in the West Lake in December of the fifth year of Chongzhen (AD 1632). After three days of heavy snow, the voices of pedestrians and birds near the lake disappeared. At the beginning of the night shift, I walked alone to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow with a small boat, a fur coat and a stove. Ice flowers are everywhere, and the sky, clouds, mountains and water are all white from top to bottom. The (relatively clear) shadow on the lake is only the trace of a long embankment, the outline of a pavilion in the middle of the lake, a small boat of mine and two or three figures in it.

When I arrived at the pavilion in the middle of the lake, I saw two people sitting opposite each other with blankets, and a boy was boiling the wine in the wine stove. When (they) saw me, they were very happy and said, "How can you meet such (leisurely and elegant) people in the lake!" (They) dragged me to drink together. I tried to drink three glasses of wine and then said goodbye to them. I asked their surnames and learned that they were from Jinling and lived here. When he got off the boat, the boatman muttered, "Don't say" xianggong "is stupid, there are people as stupid as" xianggong "!"

Fold and edit the word notes in this paragraph

1. Yu: I

2. All: all

3. Absolutely: disappear, stop

4. Yes: this

5. sōng: the ancient unit of time at night, with nouns as verbs and typing

6.

12. (sky and clouds and mountains and water, white from top to bottom) 1. Full, full

13. Long beach: Su Causeway in the West Lake.

14. mark: mark

15. mustard: originally meant grass, and here it is compared to a ship that is extremely tiny

16. It's just that

17. Sitting opposite: sitting face to face

18. Yan: how

19. More: still

2. Guest

21. And: Wait until

22. Mo: Don't

23. Obsessed: Obsessed with

24. People who are

25. Strong (qi m ? ng): Try your best, barely

26. Obsessed. Strong: happy. Strong drink: a hearty drink.

31. The wine glasses used by the ancient Bai people to punish wine, here refers to the wine glasses.

32. be a guest, be a guest. Live here.

33. The boatman.

34. Nan onomatopoeia.

35. "xianggong" was originally a title of respect for the prime minister, and later it was changed to a title of respect for scholars.

36. Chi's unique feelings show his unique personality of loving mountains and rivers and being indifferent to loneliness; Stupid, this article means obsessed.

37. It snows heavily when the noun is used as a verb.

38. you can't get it.

Fold and edit the flexible use of parts of speech in this paragraph

1. Heavy snow: nouns are used as verbs, and it snows heavily.

2. Hakka: Nouns are used as verbs to live here.

3. Fire: the noun is used flexibly as a verb, with a fire.

4. a mustard: nouns are used as adverbials, as small as a grass.

Fold and edit the ancient and modern meanings of this paragraph

1. Yu: ancient meaning: me. (Example: I live in the West Lake) Today: The rest.

2. White: noun, wine glass. Meaning: white.

The word "folding and editing" in this paragraph is ambiguous.

Yes: 1. It's the day shift: this

2. Ask his surname, who is from Jinling: it's the verb "p > shift": 1. It's the day shift: the ancient time unit at night, with the sound of g  ng

2. How can there be such a person in the lake? Also. 1

2. Up and down one white: all

white: 1. Up and down one white: white

2. Yu Qiang drinks three big whites and says goodbye: cup

big: 1. See Yu Daxie: very

2. Yu Qiang drinks three big whites and says goodbye: big

Yu: 1.

The author of this paragraph introduces

Basic information

Personal profile

Nationality: China Nationality: Han Birthplace: Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province Date of Birth: 1597 Date of Death: 1679

Other information

Chinese name: Zhang Dai's belief: other achievements of Confucianism: other works of prose: Three Immortals, Praise of Pictures, Night Sailing. In 1597), he was born in an official family, and his great-grandfather Zhang Wengong and grandfather Zhang Rulin were all court officials. His father Zhang Yaofang, also known as Weicheng, was named Zongzi, Shigong, Taoan and Diean, and was born in Shanyin, Zhejiang (now Shaoxing), and lived in Hangzhou. Zhang Dai was a writer and historian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Born into an official family, he was less a rich son and lived an elegant life of traveling around the mountains. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he participated in the struggle against the Qing Dynasty, and later, he went into the mountains to show his national integrity by passively avoiding the world. After Ming's death, concentrate on writing. He was a great essayist in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and his essays had a high reputation. He was also an expert in tea appreciation. He loved prosperity, loved landscapes, knew music and opera, and didn't become an official after his death. He went into the mountains to finish his book. Most of his essays described the scenery, customs and habits of Jiangnan Mountain and his past life, and often recalled the prosperity of the past, revealing the memory of his death from the middle. His writing style is capable, rich and graceful, and he has written "Dream of Taoan" and "Dream of West Lake". He is the author of the encyclopedia "Night Sailing Boat", and this article is selected from Zhang Dai's "Dream of Taoan".

Zhang Dai was born in a family of benevolent officials for generations. In his early years, he roamed Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces and had extensive experience. After three generations of accumulation, his family gathered a large number of historical materials of the Ming Dynasty and read a lot. Since he was 32 years old, he had to write a biographical history of the Ming Dynasty with family materials. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, I went into the mountains and wrote books in poverty.

Zhang Dai has a wide range of interests, such as fine houses, beautiful maids, fairy clothes, fine horses, beautiful lanterns, fireworks, pear orchards, advocacy, antiques, delicious food and flowers and birds. Usually pay great attention to all kinds of people, trends, people's lives, customs and habits, as well as diet, fruits and vegetables and many other aspects. These are often disdained by the authentic literati in the old days, but he has the interest and courage to appreciate and record. He wrote an "epitaph for himself", very frankly admitting that he was less "a servant and loved prosperity" and called himself "a prostitute and an orange abuser".

Zhang Dai's taste of tea is exquisite, and the section of "Min Laozi Tea" in "Dream of Taoan" is extremely vivid: Yu Yue said, "It's fragrant and simple, and it tastes very rich. This is spring tea! It's autumn harvest that looks to you. " Wenshui laughed and said, "At the age of 7, there is no one like a fine connoisseur." So I decided to pay. Zhang Dai deserves to be an expert in distinguishing tea from water.

Zhang Dai is good at tasting tea, and he also carefully reformed the Japanese-made tea in his hometown to create a kind of "Lanxue tea". "Casting snow buds on the day" has been listed as a tribute in the Song Dynasty, and it has the reputation of "casting tea on the day in Yuezhou is the first in the south of the Yangtze River". However, in the Ming Dynasty, due to the exquisite method of  Xiuning Pineapple Tea, it was famous for a while and overshadowed for a while. Zhang Dai "recruited people to cast in Japan", just like the method of making pineapples, using the method of digging, moving, scattering, fanning, frying, baking and hiding. Then he explored the spring water, and found that "when he pours the spring water, the fragrance is not out. When he cooks the spring water and puts it in a small pot, the fragrance is too strong, and it is mixed with jasmine. After repeated contests, he puts it in an open porcelain pot and waits for it to be cold. He washes it with a rolling soup, and the color is like a bamboo basket, and the green powder is evenly distributed at the beginning, and it is like the beginning of a mountain window. Take the pure princess white, tend to plain porcelain, really like a hundred stems of plain orchid and snow Tao and diarrhea. Xueya got it, but she didn't get it The rest of the play is called Lan Xue. " (Tao An Meng Yi Lan Xuecha)

After four or five years, Lan Xuecha became popular in the tea market. Tea drinkers in Shaoxing changed their old habit of drinking pineapples, but it was not Lan Xuecha who didn't drink them. Later, even the pine tea was renamed "Lanxue". Lan Xuecha has this reputation, and the credit goes to Zhang Dai.

In the Ming Dynasty, Shaoxing had already opened a few teahouses, and one of them, brew tea, was particularly fastidious in boiling water: "The spring is made of jade belt, the tea is made of snow, the soup is cooked by spinning, there is no old soup, the utensils are washed by time, and there are no dirty utensils. When the heat is waiting for the soup, there are sometimes people who are in harmony." Zhang Dai loved this teahouse very much, and named it "Brother Lu", which means "Tea dew has a brother" in Mi Fei. He also wrote "Fighting Tea" for him: "Water-drinking tea addiction, ancient style, sharp grass and snow buds, known as the more unique, especially for cooking illegally, has always been dusty in Gezao, and no one appreciates it, resulting in the accumulation of feathers. You choose a scenic spot, and you can raise the Tang League again. The water symbol is handed from Yuquan, the tea war came to Lanxue, the melon seeds were fried with beans, and there was no need to Rui Caoqiao, and the orange pomelo was found in the mountain nursery, Ba Ding Shui. It was never sweet, smooth, fragrant, clean and cool. Seven household affairs, no matter how much rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar are used, how can it be less in one day, and the bamboo and bamboo can be equally famous. Seven bowls can't be eaten, and the tea is not known. A pot of dust is used to talk freely, and incense is burned on the couch in the early morning, and I am drunk. " The famous Shaoxing spring, Jujube Spring, which was once famous for its tiger running and Hui Quan, was once hidden and unknown. It was discovered by Zhang Daizhong again. He described it in the article "The Spring of the Spring":? Jia Yinxia, castrate the spotted bamboo, sip the water, and the phosphorus and phosphorus have Guijiao. Different. Look at its color, such as the autumn moon is frosty and empty, the sky is white, and it is like a light haze coming out of the cave, dazzling and fascinating, and faint. I hastily saw calligraphy and painting at the wellhead, brushed it with a broom, and the words came out. The calligraphy was as big as the right army. Benefit from differences. Try tea, and it smells good. There are few fishy stones in Xinji, and after staying for three days, the gas will be exhausted. There is no other way to distinguish the spring, but to take the water inlet, lick your tongue and palate, and it will be empty after passing through your cheek. If there is no water to swallow, it will be the spring. Good people believe it, and they will take it to make wine, or open a teahouse in the spring, or sell it in an urn, and feed it to a company. Dong Fangbo kept crossing the river, drank its water, and was willing to give it, fearing that he would not give it, and blocked the spring, which became more and more famous.

Tea affairs, tea theory and tea people are described in Zhang Dai's anthology. Zhang Dai is a tea friend. Among his tea friends, "I will come to my home every day, sip tea and burn incense, and talk about banter and laugh here for thirteen years", and there is Zhou Youxin who drinks tea with him every time. His brother Ji Di Shanmin, who likes "Mi Dian Stone, Zi Dianzhu, Mulberry Tea, Dongpo Meat", and his brother who fought with him for tea "drive the Central Plains side by side, and who will die" are also "tea addicts".

Dai is good at enjoying tea sets. His younger brother, Shanmin, got a porcelain pot with an antique style. He played with it for a year and got a pot inscription: "Bathing in the sun and bathing in the moon is also its color, and the jade in the Geyao is also its breath, and the green hills are also its diet." There is also a Xuanyao tea bowl, and Zhang Daiyou said, "At the beginning of the autumn moon, under the green trees. Out of plain porcelain, pass the quiet night. " There is also a teapot that has not been engraved by the producer. Zhang Dai confirmed that it was written by Gong Chun, and it was specially inscribed: "There are many famous paintings in ancient times. This pot looks like Gong Chun, which makes Da Bin recognize it. Dare you? "

Fold and edit this section of Huxin Pavilion

Huxin Pavilion is located in the West Lake of Hangzhou, which was built in the thirty-first year of Ming Jiajing (1552). The pavilion is a building, surrounded by water, with South Peak and north peak in the west and spectacular scenery. This pavilion was rebuilt in 1953. The pavilion in the middle of the lake used to be the temple in the middle of the lake, which is one of the three towers in the lake. During the reign of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, according to the investigation of the secretary, Yin Zi Shu was very conscientious. The monk Xun of the temple guards the middle official, while Dumen does not accept the official. Yin Lian commits adultery, destroys it, and goes to its tower. In the thirty-first year of Jiajing, Sun Meng, the satrap, searched for relics and built pavilions on them. Terrace acres, weeks with stone fences, lakes and mountains win almost, unobstructed. Years of searching. In the fourth year of Wanli, Xu Ting was rebuilt. In the twenty-eighth year, Sun Dongying, the ceremony supervisor, was changed to Qingxi Pavilion, which was resplendent and magnificent in scale, and visitors looked like a mirage. Smoke and clouds huffed and puffed, and I was afraid that Tengwang Pavilion and Yueyang Tower had no great views. In spring, mountains, paintings, calligraphy, antiques, build by laying bricks or stones, noisy, silent and indistinguishable. Jathyapple's visit to this place was as desolate as entering the shark palace. The moonlight is crystal clear, the water vapor is stagnant, and people are sparsely isolated, so you can't stay long. Zhang Jingyuan's Notes on the Lake Pavilion: The Lake Pavilion is magnificent and spacious. When the sun shines on the mountain at night, the water is reflected backwards, the new moon hangs east, and those who are not satisfied are half-regular, and the golden plate and jade cake are intertwined with the sunset, and they are not mad. Hate the four-character plaque and couplets in the pavilion, and fill in the lintel.