Hakka Tulou, also known as Fujian Tulou, is mainly distributed in Yongding, Nanjing, Hua 'an and other places in southwest Fujian, and it is a residence where Hakka people have been attacking and prospering from generation to generation. Tulou, with its long history, unique style, ingenious construction and magnificent scale, is known as the wonderful work of residential buildings in the world. There are more than 23, existing earth buildings of more than 3 kinds, such as round building, square building, pentagonal building, octagonal building and diaojiao building, which form a group of earth buildings that are close to the mountains, scattered and well-laid, such as Yongding Chuxi Earth Building Group and Nanjing Shuyang Township Tianluokeng Earth Building Group.

The building has not only attracted the attention of architectural circles, but also attracted the strong interest of Chinese and foreign scholars and experts such as history, geography, anthropology and folklore. In 21, the "Fujian Earth Building", composed of earth buildings in Yongding, Nanjing and Hua 'an, Fujian, was officially declared as a world cultural heritage, and has been inspected, evaluated and accepted by experts from UNESCO.

The largest round building is the "Chengqi Building" in Gaotou Village, Dazhu Township, Yongding County.

The whole building has a diameter of 73 meters, three circles and four floors, with 4 rooms and 6 households. The smallest round building is Rushenglou in Yongding County, with 12 rooms on the 12th floor and 6 families. The oldest round building is the Qitian Building in Shajian Township, Hua 'an County, with a history of more than 6 years. There is a "Bagua Fort" in Dongping Village, Shentu Township, Yunxiao County. The whole village is composed of five rings, with a complete round building at the center, and the four outer circles are intermittently arranged according to the Bagua Array, surrounding the surroundings. Yuchang Building, located in Bancun Village, Shuyang Country, Nanjing County, is known as the "stagger building", which was built in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty (1487). Almost all visible beams, columns and catalpa are crooked, and it is said that the maximum inclination angle is 15 degrees!

More than 19 years ago, the Hakkas who moved southward in the Central Plains experienced chaos, and after several twists and turns, they came to the mountainous areas in southwest Fujian. In order to avoid external shocks, they had to rely on the mountains to operate and live in groups. Use local raw soil, gravel and wood chips to build single houses, and then connect them into big houses, and then build thick and closed earth buildings. There are water wells and granaries in the building. In case of war and bandits, once the gate is closed, it will be self-contained. In case of siege, food and water will continue for several months. Coupled with the characteristics of warm winter and cool summer, earthquake resistance and wind resistance, Tulou has become a Hakka residence that has been attacked from generation to generation.

Edited on April 18, 22

See all 7 answers

Have you been to Tulou in Fujian? _ Introduction to Tulou in Fujian _ It is enough to read this article

I recommend Fujian according to the Tulou mentioned in the article.

ctrip.cwkwenda.com advertisement

221 Tourism Xiamen Tourism-Super-practical Attractions Tourism Xiamen Tourism

Relevant information recommendation worth seeing

221 Xiamen Tourism played for 5 days-Journey Friends Experience Raiders. Sharing tourist routes in Xiamen —— How to have fun when traveling to Xiamen, and what matters need attention? It is suggested that you must go to Gulangyu Island, and the itinerary of the scenic spots is recommended.

Lvyou1.zjjhewai.cn Advertising

More experts

Introduction of Fujian Tulou

Experts answer questions one-on-one online

Respond within 5 minutes | 1, professional respondents.

Write an answer with a reward ***12 answers

Wuchulan 5p

Talk

Pay attention to

Become the fourth fan

The most distinctive folk houses in Fujian should be pushed as "tulou".

The earth buildings with strange styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in the west of Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua 'an and Zhangpu in the southwest of Fujian. Its modeling, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world, and the earth building is commonly known as the "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wooden strips, etc. After repeated kneading, frying and pressing,

Look at all 28 comments

-After you have read it, the following content is more interesting-

Introduction to Nanjing Tulou

Introduction to Tulou? Download Pinduoduo APP immediately and get to know Tulou quickly. What you want to know is all here! More exciting content, all in Pinduoduo

advertisement 221-5-3

Introduction of Fujian Tulou

Fujian Tulou is a pearl of oriental civilization, which is famous for its long history, various types of Fujian Tulou, large scale, ingenious structure, complete functions and rich connotations, and has extremely high historical, artistic and scientific value, and is known as "Oriental ancient buildings". Folk houses with strange styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in the west of Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua 'an and Zhangpu in the southwest of Fujian. Its modeling, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world, and the earth building is commonly known as the "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wood strips, etc., after repeated kneading, frying and pressing. The roof is covered with a fire tile, which will last for a long time. Earth buildings can be as high as four or five stories for three or four generations to live in the same building. The 46 Fujian earth buildings that have become world cultural heritages are composed of six groups of four floors, Yongding County, Fujian Province occupies three groups of two floors, and Nanjing County and Hua 'an County occupy three groups of buildings, including Chuxi earth buildings in Yongding County, Hongkeng earth buildings in Nanjing County, Tianluokeng earth buildings in Nanjing County, Hekeng earth buildings in Hua 'an County, etc. They are mainly distributed in the mountains in the west and south of Fujian, and are famous for their unique architectural style and long history and culture. It is not only the most common round earth building, but also the square earth building and the top-ranked earth building, covering the complete architectural style of earth buildings. Fujian tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, and it is a creative masterpiece of adobe architecture. Fujian Tulou originated in Song and Yuan Dynasties and matured in the late Ming, Qing and Republic of China. The oldest and youngest of the world heritage earth buildings are in Chuxi Earth Building Group. Jiqing Building with a diameter of 66 meters has reached 6 years old, while Shanqing Building with a diameter of 31 meters has only a history of 3 years. The formation of Fujian Tulou is related to several famous migrations of Han people in the Central Plains in history. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, in the 4th century AD, wars and natural disasters were frequent in the north, and the local people moved southward on a large scale, which opened the prelude to the continuous migration of Han people from the Central Plains into Fujian for thousands of years. The immigrants from the Central Plains who entered southern Fujian merged with the local residents, forming a Fulao clan characterized by Minnan dialect. The Han people in the Central Plains, who migrated from Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province to the mountainous areas in western Fujian, constitute another important ethnic group in Fujian-the Hakka ethnic group characterized by Hakka dialect.

6 likes 2,83 browse the introduction of Fujian Tulou on June 26, 22

.

The most distinctive folk houses in Fujian are "earth buildings". Folk houses with strange styles are scattered in Yongding, Wuping and Shanghang in the west of Fujian and Nanjing, Pinghe, Hua 'an and Zhangpu in the southwest of Fujian. Its modeling, decoration and construction technology are rare in the world, and the earth building is commonly known as the "raw earth building". Because most of them were built by Hakka people in Fujian, they are also called "Hakka Tulou". It is made of raw soil as the main building material, mixed with fine sand, lime, glutinous rice, brown sugar, bamboo chips, wood strips, etc., after repeated kneading, frying and pressing. The roof is covered with a fire tile, which will last for a long time. Earth buildings can be as high as four or five stories for three or four generations to live in the same building. This kind of civil frame residence with raw soil as the wall, its shape is one of more patterns in the category of traditional houses in China. There are many kinds, such as round, square, semicircle, ellipse, top spot, pentagonal, gossip, five phoenix, peach shape and irregular shape, among which round, square, top spot and five phoenix towers are the most common. Square-shaped buildings, called "Square Building" in Yongding and "Four Corners Building" in Nanjing, have the earliest origin and are the most complete, closed and sturdy to date. This kind of earth building is about 16 meters high and can reach 5 floors, each floor is about 3 meters apart, the wall is thicker below and thinner above, the bottom wall is more than 1 meter thick, and the higher the wall, the narrower it is, and the top layer is only .8 meters thick. The building covers an area of thousands of square meters, and the total construction area of five floors is around 3, square meters. Each floor has more than 2 rooms, one in the lobby, and the whole building has about 1 rooms. There are stairs leading to the upper floor in the east, west, north and south directions of the building. A building can accommodate more than 2 or 3 households with 1 people. Its representatives are Hegui Building in Pushan Village, Meilin Township, Nanjing, Dafudi in Wuping and Fuxin Building in Leixiang Village, Yongding Lake. Fuxin Building in Yongding, also known as "Mansion Building" and "Burning Building", was built in the fourth year of the Tang Dynasty (769) with a history of more than 1,2 years, and its residents have been passed down to the 27th generation. The "Wushi Building" in Guzhu Township of Yongding is a special type of square building structure, and its corridor is designed in the wall, which saves a lot of wood and has strong concealment. Round building, also known as "round building" and "earth round building", is called "village" by Yongding Hakkas. The circular cylindrical round building is the most representative one of Fujian earth buildings. Yongding, Nanjing, Pinghe, Shanghang and Hua 'an are all dominated by such earth buildings. According to legend, the Round Tower was developed from a military camp more than 13 years ago when Chen Yuanguang, a general of the Tang Dynasty, was in Pingmin. The round building is huge and majestic in appearance, with a diameter of 5 ~ 7 meters everywhere. The "Chengqilou" round village in Gaobei Village, Guzhu Township, Yongding County, western Fujian Province, was built during the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1662 ~ 1723), with a diameter of 73 meters. It is a huge castle made up of concentric big rings, small rings and three rings. Each ring is separated by a circular well-shaped patio, with an outer ring circumference of 229 meters and a ground wall thickness of 1.5 meters. The outermost ring is four stories high, the central ring is two stories high, and the third ring is a bungalow. At the center of the circle is an octagonal ancestral hall. The whole building has 4 rooms with a total area of 5,376 square meters and has lived in 8 households with more than 6 people. The "Ping Zuo Jue Ning" round village in Lufeng Village, Luxi Township, Pinghe County, South Fujian Province, with a round diameter of 77 meters, is the largest round earth house known in the world and still inhabited. The main building is four stories high, about 14.5 meters high, and there are 77 bays on each floor. There are still 77 households with more than 25 people, all of whom belong to the same clan. It was built in the early years of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, and it lasted for 4 years before and after the project. At its peak, more than 7 people lived in it. Ordinary round buildings cover an area of more than 1 square meters. Generally speaking, Yongding Round Tower has three floors, and Nanjing Round Tower often has four to five floors. It is about 12 or 13 meters high, with about 3 houses on each floor and 2 to 4 stairways (depending on the size of the building). Many round buildings have another small round building covering an area of 2 to 3 square meters; As a place of ancestor worship and entertainment, it has a unique style; Usually, the small round building can also live in more than 2 households with 1 people. The architectural style of the round building is similar to that of the square building in the thickness of the earth wall, but the difference is that the specifications of the rooms on each floor in the building are more unified and standardized. The round building also overcomes some shortcomings of the square building. For example, the four-corner house of the square building has dark light, poor ventilation, close to the wooden stairs and high noise, while the round building eliminates the corners, the components are uniform in size, the construction is relatively simple, and the roof is more simplified. Compared with the square building, the room orientation has no obvious difference, which is beneficial to the distribution within the clan. In addition, the circular area surrounded by the same perimeter is 1.273 times of the square area, so the round building has more inner courtyard space than the building. Because there is no angle, the need for large timber is correspondingly reduced, and the performance of wind resistance, earthquake resistance and fire prevention is higher. The Shengping Building in Baoshan Village, Shajian Township, Hua 'an County, which was built in the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (161), is the only three-story round building in southern Fujian. It is also a unit structure. Because it does not avoid wind and rain, the eaves are small and look like a stone mill. This stone round building is a unique branch of Fujian earth round building family, but its seismic performance is not as good as that of earth building. In Nanjing and other places, there is also a kind of adobe building called "the top chair building", and its architectural form is roughly the same as that of a square building. However, the front room is slightly lower, which is a bungalow or a two-story building, and the left and right sides are slightly higher, which is a two-story or three-story building, resembling the "armrest" of the seat. The back room is the highest, reaching more than three floors, just like the backrest of the seat. The whole building is like a "top chair", so it is commonly known as the "top chair building". It is characterized by low in front of the earth wall and high in the back, abundant sunshine, fresh air, warm in winter and cool in summer. There are 5 or 6 rooms and 15 households with about 6 or 7 people. The Changyuan Building in Shi Qiaocun, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County, which was built in the first year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1723) is its representative. In earth buildings, the round building and the square building are usually built separately, but in some places, due to historical reasons, a group of earth buildings combining the round building and the square building has also been formed. The Huang family in Tianluokeng, Shuyang Township, Nanjing County has built five integrated round and square earth buildings in the past 1 years. Looking down from the air, a square building stands in the center and four round buildings surround the four corners. It seems like a huge plum blossom in full bloom, dotted on the green plains, strewn at random and beautiful. When the building complex was first built, it was only a square building, and Huang's ancestors named it "Hechang Building". Later, due to the growing population, four round earth buildings were built around the square building, guarding the "Hechang Building" from the east, west, south and north directions, making it look like a cottage and a castle, which is breathtaking and impressive. In addition, in Gaobei Village, Yongding Guzhu Township, there is also a group of earth buildings with round buildings, square buildings and round buildings. This ingenious idea and peculiar combination have made architectural experts at home and abroad full of praise. The ground floor of the round building or square building is used as kitchen and dining room, and some are also used as cowshed and pigsty. The ground floor will never open the window to the outside. The second floor is a utility room for storing grain and farm tools, and there are few windows to the outside. The bedroom is above the third floor. The rooms upstairs and downstairs are the same size as each single room, generally about 1 square meters, which is narrow and can only accommodate one bed, one cupboard and one table, reflecting the habit of Hakka family to take the hall as the main activity space instead of the bedroom. Most of the corridors in tulou are open corridors for everyone to use, and the doors and windows of each room open to the corridor. There are also some earth buildings that are cut in gossip units or each room from the first floor to the top floor is an independent unit. Families are connected up and down by stairs. The "Zhencheng Building" in Hukeng Township, Yongding, is divided into 8 groups of bedrooms in the shape of eight diagrams, with 6 rooms in each unit, 48 rooms on each floor and 192 rooms on 4 floors. Each unit is separated by firewalls, connected by arches, and has a bathroom downstairs. In the Hakka residential areas in the west and southwest of Fujian, there is also a kind of tulou residence with a different style from the round and square tulou, commonly known as "Wufenglou" (Nanjing people call it "Dawuxia"), which is a mansion-style tulou residence. The Five Phoenix was originally derived from the five elements (East, West, South, North and Middle) with five colors. The famous house with five phoenixes represents the corresponding meaning of the four directions and the central government. It is like a palace in the ancient Central Plains, and it is similar to the form of the Forbidden City in Beijing. Highlight the center of the central axis, on the basis of plane development, pay attention to balance and symmetry, high and low order before and after, and orderly layout. The most common Wufeng Tower is three halls and two horizontal styles, and there are also three halls and one horizontal style, four horizontal styles and six horizontal styles. The building contents of a three-hall, three-horizontal Wufeng Building include: fish pond, side seat, Huiwu, Heping, lower hall, middle hall, back hall and hatchback horizontal house. In modeling design, the hall and patio are uniquely configured. The hall is open, facing the patio and connected with it. The edge of the hall is the edge of the patio, which forms an inseparable whole and has a comprehensive function of ingenious space collocation and communication and coordination. A three-hall, two-horizontal Wufeng Building, with five patios and nine halls. There are three patios and three halls on the central axis, which has always been