The lyrics of Home (Mongolian) are written in front of the glass window after the rain.
Every sentimental song sings an unintentional promise for you.
Every time I hold your hand, I always dare not look into your eyes.
Give me a warm trap and passionate love.
Makes my cold heart long to go home.
Close the locked door and listen to the sound of my piano falling.
Open your lonely window and don't leave your shadow.
Walk into your deep dreams. Who is sleeping quietly?
Lighting up your dim light is a face that cannot be shy.
Give me a warm truth and passionate love.
Let my wandering mind have a feeling of finding home.
Many years ago, I left home with a heavy heart
Now where can I appease this tired soul wandering at the end of the world?
Every old poem is written in front of the window after the rain.
Every lonely song sings an unintentional promise for you.
Every time I hold your hand, I always dare not look into your eyes.
Turning my dizzy head away is a face that can't help but be chic.
Give me a warm family and a passionate love.
Let me have a feeling of finding home in the back of going out.
Give me a warm family and a passionate love.
Let me have a feeling of finding home in the back of going out.
Brief introduction of Mongolian folk customs;
Mongolian catering includes milk skin, milk tofu, cheese, milk fruit and so on. ; Drinks include milk tea, yogurt wine and so on. Mongolian people in pastoral areas are mainly meat and milk, supplemented by food. Eat three meals a day, pay attention to breakfast and dinner. In the morning, it is usually fried rice with milk tea, and then add a little milk skin and milk tofu. In the evening, eat more mutton noodle soup, fresh milk noodle cake or hand-baked mutton. Drink milk tea, whether before or after meals, as long as you want to drink or guests come, all day. Meat is mainly mutton and beef. The ways to eat mutton are "hand-grilled meat" and roast whole sheep, which is a traditional Mongolian food. Among them, the Mongolian "hand-grilled meat" is made of fat and tender small-mouthed mutton, which can be eaten after boiling in water for seven or eight minutes. You can eat it by hand or pick it with a Mongolian knife. The meat is tender, delicious and easy to digest, which is a common hospitality for Mongolian herders. Mongolian roast whole lamb is the most exquisite dish in the banquet. A whole sheep is cooked brown, shiny and squeaky, with a fragrant smell. The cook squatted it on a plate and took it to the party, then cut it into pieces for the guests to eat. Good color, smell and shape, with strong national flavor and local characteristics.
Mongolian people traditionally offer sacrifices to Aobao, and "offering sacrifices to Aobao" is a traditional activity of Mongolian people offering sacrifices to gods. The time is mostly from June to August every year. In Mongolian, "Aobao" means "Duizi", which means building a pile of stones, inserting branches and wickers to guide pedestrians and indicate directions. The branches are covered with colorful cloth strips and paper flags. Traditional forms of sacrifice include blood sacrifice, wine sacrifice and fire sacrifice. When offering sacrifices to Aobao, cattle and sheep were slaughtered as sacrifices. Modern Aobao has added new contents such as horse racing, wrestling, archery and song and dance performances. The purpose of offering sacrifices to Aobao is to pray for good weather, peace in all seasons and prosperity in one year. Mongolian young men and women expressed their love for each other in the activities, and the time to meet again came from this.
Grassland food culture is full of grassland flavor. When you sit at a cool wine table, fresh milk tea is served, and delicious mutton is served by hand. The fresh aroma makes people drool. When you arrive at the grassland, you are eating mutton and drinking strong white wine, and your thoughts are rushing like clouds halfway up the mountain. Singing lights up on the wine table, and Mongolian folk songs with long notes have the same personality as folk songs on the Loess Plateau. The grassland opens the window, and the breeze permeates the hearts of tourists with the smell of grass. People will miss Gadamer, the national hero, and be close to hardworking and kind herders, vibrant grasslands and melodious Ma Touqin.
The bonfire party on the grassland is relaxing. When the stars are all over the sky, the brightness of a crescent moon falls on the vast grassland, and the fire rises. The mystery, abstinence and massiness of the grassland have already appeared. In the firelight, tourists from all directions danced modern dance, Russian ballet and Diane dance of grassland people. Horqin grassland, a rough and unconstrained folk dance, has become soft again, and modern people have integrated the world's thoughts, culture and art together.
Mongolian birthday? It should be the lunar calendar
Mongolian habits. Mongolian customs and habits
(1) diet
Mongolian people live on grassland and take animal husbandry as the main mode of production. Mainly milk and meat, koumiss, braised pork, roast mutton and tea are their favorite drinks and foods in daily life. The Mongolians in western Liaoning engaged in agricultural production earlier, so they not only kept the traditional eating customs of Mongolians, but also kept some unique foods in eastern Mongolia. For example, whole sheep soup, "hand-grabbed mutton", Mongolian pie, Lama cake and so on.
The so-called whole mutton soup is to mix fresh mutton with the heart, lungs and intestines of sheep. Cut into strips, cook them in water together, and then eat them with various seasonings. It tastes delicious and is very popular with people. Whole sheep soup is a special diet of Mongolian people, and now it has become a kind of food for Fuxin guests in western Liaoning, especially on the day of "beginning of autumn" in the lunar calendar, commonly known as "grabbing autumn fertilizer".
Handheld mutton is one of the traditional Mongolian cuisines. To make "hand-grabbed mutton", you must choose mutton with tender fat, slaughter it on the spot, peel it into the pot, and add seasoning to cook it. It is a delicious food for Mongolian guests. Because you don't use chopsticks, you can take them directly with your hands, so it's called grasping meat with your hands.
In 2002, "Handmade Meat" and "Whole Sheep Soup" operated by Fuxin chef Sun Yuguo were rated as the top ten flavor foods in Liaoning Province.
(2) Clothing
Jewelry, robes, belts and boots are the four main parts of Mongolian costumes. Mongolian robe is a robe that Mongolian men, women and children love to wear, and it is a unique costume decoration formed in the long-term nomadic life.
The ornaments on Mongolian women's heads are made of precious stones, gold and silver. , mostly used in festivals and banquets or when visiting relatives and friends, usually wrapped in long colored silk.
The sleeves of the Mongolian robe are long and wide, and the lower end is left and right. The collar is very high, and the big chest button is on the right. Lace inlay is often used in neckline, cuffs and hem. Men's robes are mostly blue and brown; Women's robes are mostly red, green and purple.
Wearing the necessary belts and riding boots of Mongolian robes makes men look tough and chic; The woman has a slim figure and correct swordsmanship.
Mongolian boots are divided into cloth boots and leather boots. Cloth boots, beautiful and chic, soft and light; Leather boots, crisp and smooth, strong and durable. You can protect your ankles from the cold when riding a horse; Taking off your boots naturally when you fall off a horse can ensure your personal safety.
Mongolian people living in Liaoning don't often wear national costumes in their daily lives, but at large-scale holiday parties or wedding ceremonies, Mongolian compatriots will wear colorful national costumes to show their grandeur.
(3) residence
Mongolian yurt is the Manchu name of Mongolian herdsmen's housing. In Manchu, home or house is called "Bo", so it was later called "Mongolian yurt" because of its voice. Mongolians call their house "Geer"; Han people call yurts "treasury" or "felt house".
Mongolian yurts are simple in structure, easy to disassemble and carry, which is very suitable for the life of Mongolian nomads. Although the shape of the yurt is very small, the usable area inside the yurt is very large. Moreover, the air here is ventilated, the lighting conditions are good, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is not afraid of wind and rain, so it is very suitable for herders to live and use during transitional grazing. At present, most Mongolian people in Liaoning live in brick-wood houses similar to those of Han or Manchu, but they have obvious national characteristics in interior decoration.
Mongolian totem wolf
Overview:
Wolf totem is a national totem that has never been interrupted by nomadic people in China for thousands of years. Wolf totem is the source of spiritual strength of nomadic people in China. In history, the orientals who once captured Europe and opened the east-west passage, which shocked the world the most, were all ethnic groups who worshipped the wolf totem. Most of them think that the wolf is the ancestor of their own nation, the protector, master, god of war and model of the grassland nation. No animal on the earth has exerted such a powerful and lasting influence on human behavior as a wolf, and has rewritten the history of the world and China, and promoted the great exchange and integration of nations. Once the wolf rises to the lofty status of the national totem, the wolf is in a protected position. Historically, people in the grassland not only killed and protected wolves, but also established a circular relationship of interdependence between humans and animals. Wolf totem culture is people's conscious awe and admiration for animals and natural ecology. Wolf is a clever and brave animal, and it was always respected in the nomadic areas of China before 1970s. The existence of wild wolves basically retains the original features of the grassland. Therefore, during the period when nomadic forces were strong, there was no trend of desertification in China. Until 1950s, the wolf totem worship was constantly impacted and squeezed by farming culture, and the gradual disappearance of coyotes was synchronized with grassland degradation. Desertification and sandstorm in China are mainly the result of grassland degradation. Grassland is an important part of the earth's life system, especially for the survival and development of China and North China.
In thousands of years of wolf totem worship on the grassland, the grassland has never been destroyed by tombs. People in the grassland believe that wolves will take people's souls to Tengger (heaven), so they send the bodies to the celestial burial place to be handled by wolves and have a celestial burial. This custom of "returning to meat" embodies the simple materialistic concept of the cycle of everything, respects Mother Earth and will never break a piece of land after death. This practice has effectively protected the natural ecology of grassland in history.
Mongolian folk customs are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces. Mongolians call themselves "Mongolians". It means "eternal fire". Also known as "the man on horseback". Mongolians should greet each other when they meet, even strangers should say hello. When colleagues and acquaintances meet, they usually ask, "Hello, Sebai Nu"; If you meet an elder or someone you meet for the first time, you should ask, "Ta Sai Bai Nu." Hello.
Hospitality to passers-by is a traditional virtue of Mongols, who attach great importance to etiquette and rules in hospitality. For example, when eating mutton, we usually give the sheep's pipa bone with meat and four long ribs to our guests. If you treat your guests with beef, give them a spine with meat, half a rib and a fat sausage.
When you are a guest in a Mongolian family, you must respect your host. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged around the stove on the carpet, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, and you can't sit casually when the owner is not sitting. Guests generally drink milk tea sent by their hosts, and it is impolite not to drink it; Don't refuse the host's request for dairy products, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it's inconvenient to eat more, just eat a little.
Offering Hada is also a noble courtesy of Mongols. When offering Hada, the giver hands down to the other hand, and the recipient should also take it down with both hands or let the giver hang Hada around his neck to express his gratitude.
Mongolians should avoid riding fast when riding and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herd; If there is a fire in front of the door or signs such as red cloth strips are hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in the family, and outsiders are prohibited from entering; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of offering sacrifices to the Buddha; Avoid eating the meat of dead animals and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white for funerals and black and yellow for weddings; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; Smoking, spitting, touching utensils, classics, Buddha statues and making loud noises are prohibited when visiting temples, and hunting near temples is not allowed.
On the Ordos grassland, when visiting the homes of Mongolian herders, guests don't have to bring many gifts, just prepare six round pancakes baked with wheat flour and several pairs of red dates. After entering the owner's yurt, the host will let the guest sit in the guest's seat and offer tea to the guest. The guest can ask the host for a plate, put the six pancakes he brought on the plate like lotus leaves, and then put the matching red dates on the pancakes and give them to the host by hand. The host will gladly accept this as the most sacred gift on the grassland.
Why are these six humble pancakes regarded as sacred gifts? According to the old people, Ordos was originally six flags and six pancakes as gifts, which means that etiquette is supreme and we live in harmony; On the other hand, red dates indicate that the Six Flags are thriving.
What the Mongolian people in Hetao area can lack when entertaining guests, but they must not lack wine. Treating guests with wine is the most common and minimum etiquette for Mongolians in Hetao area. There is a special term for entertaining noble guests with wine, which is called "Dejila" in Mongolian.
When offering "Dejila" to distinguished guests, only a wine bottle with ghee at the mouth is given to the guests, and no wine glass is given. After receiving the bottle, the guest first applies a little ghee to the bottle mouth on his forehead with his right index finger. If there are other guests present, he will take turns to apply a little. Then, the host took out a glass or silver bowl to pour wine for the guests. After the guest has finished three cups, when pouring the fourth cup, the guest will hold the glass in one hand and hold it high in the other, or say a few words of blessing to the host, or sing a hymn to wish the host good luck.
There are many special Mongolian foods in Mongolian diet, such as roast sheep, roast whole sheep with skin, hand-grabbed mutton, fried sheep, roast leg of lamb, milk tofu, Mongolian steamed bread, Mongolian pie and so on. There are: thin cream, Mongolian standing dairy products; Milk skin; All-sheep banquet is a traditional Mongolian banquet dish, which is also often used for sacrificial activities. Cooked roast sheep, a Erdos-style dish in Inner Mongolia; Chinese cabbage and mutton rolls; Xinsu cake, a traditional Mongolian folk cake; Dry rice, Mongolian snacks.
Mongolian herders regard sheep as the guarantee of life and the source of wealth. Three meals a day, every meal is inseparable from milk and meat. Food made of milk is called "Chaganyide" in Mongolian, which means holy and pure food, that is, "free food"; Food made of meat is called "Ulan Yide" in Mongolian, which means "red food".
Besides the most common milk, Mongolians also eat goat's milk, horse's milk, deer's milk and camel milk. Some of them are used as fresh milk drinks, and most of them are processed into dairy products, such as dried yogurt, milk tofu, milk skin, cream, thin cream, cream residue, cheese crisp and milk powder, which can be eaten at dinner and are also snacks suitable for all ages. Dairy products have always been regarded as excellent treasures. If there are visitors, they should be introduced first. If children come, they should also put milk skin or cream on their heads to express their good wishes.
Mongolian meat is mainly beef and sheep meat, followed by goat meat, camel meat and a small amount of horse meat, and yellow mutton is also hunted during the hunting season. There are more than 70 kinds of traditional ways to eat mutton, such as all-sheep banquet, tender-skinned all-sheep banquet, all-sheep banquet, roasted sheep, roasted sheep's heart, stir-fried sheep's belly and stewed vegetables with sheep's brain. The most distinctive ones are Mongolian roasted whole sheep (peeled and roasted), roasted whole sheep with skin or Alashan roasted whole sheep, and the most common one is hand-grabbed mutton. Mongolians pay attention to the clear cooking of mutton and eat it immediately after cooking, in order to keep the mutton fresh and tender, especially when cooking mutton, to avoid over-cooking. However, Mongolians in the Mongolian-Chinese mixed area in eastern Inner Mongolia also like to add seasonings when cooking, and cook the meat into crispy mutton. In some areas, Mongolians also like to cut the lamb loin into large pieces and then fry it into fried meat slices, which is called "big fried sheep". Beef is mostly eaten in winter. It's all beef banquets, and more is stewing, stewing and making soup. Camel meat and horse meat are also eaten, and fried hump slices are dipped in sugar, which is a dish. Experienced chefs are also good at cooking beef tendon, deer tendon, bullwhip and oxtail into various therapeutic dishes. For the convenience of preservation, beef and mutton are often made into dried meat and bacon.
The origin of Mongols? According to Records of the Historical Records, Mongolian tribes originally included only two clans, namely Negus and Qiyuan (demoted to Qiyuan). After being defeated by other Xiongnu (Turkic) tribes, there were only two men and two women left. They fled to Ergon (a mountainous area along the Ergon River) and settled down. In the 8th century, they had to migrate because of the continuous population growth. At this point, 70 branches have been divided. According to the Secret History of Mongolia and the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, Canglang and Bailu are the ancestors of Mongols, and they were born in the world by the orders of heaven. Then they spent the Tengger Temple together, and began to thrive at the source of the Volan River and in front of the Bourhan Mountain, giving birth to the pagoda red sweat. The Baobatachi Khan mentioned here is the first ancestor of the Mongols. In fact, Canglang and Bailu are pronounced in Mongolian as Bao Tie Bao Red Wolf and Hoimal respectively, but they are just translated into Chinese as Canglang and Bailu.
Regarding the true national origin of Mongols, most scholars in modern times believe that Mongols come from the branch of Donghu. Donghu is a general term for tribes of the same ethnic origin, with different dialects and names. According to Sima Qian's Historical Records, "In the east of Xiongnu, it is called Donghu." From the 5th century BC to the 3rd century BC, the ministries of Donghu were still in the development stage of primitive clan society, and the tribes lived a life of "following the customs and living in impermanence".
How do Mongolians immigrate to Mongolia? 1. The main ways to obtain Mongolian immigrants are: voting (parents, children and spouses are Mongolian citizens), Mongolian citizens moving out of Mongolia and then moving back, political asylum, etc.
2. For foreign citizens who have lived in Mongolia for a certain period of time, there is no need for money or only some expenses and other expenses of individual links in the application process, and these expenses can be ignored.
3. The Mongolian Immigration Bureau (accepting unit) judges whether to accept or not according to the applicant's situation and national conditions and reports it to the President or the National Assembly for approval.
4. After obtaining the entry qualification, my annual stay outside Mongolia shall not exceed 180 days;
5. In Mongolia, the competent authorities have the right to refuse the application if they engage in illegal activities, or oppose immigration, register for more than two times, or defraud the immigration permit by means of fake marriage.
6. For more details, please refer to the website of "Mongolian Immigration Bureau" or consult the Immigration Bureau through your friends in Mongolia.
7. Relevant provisions of the Law of Mongolia on the Status of Foreign Citizens:
29. 1 According to the application of foreign citizens to immigrate to Mongolia, due to the applicant's internal situation, economic ability, educational background and major, the state administrative organ in charge of foreign citizens' affairs (called Mongolian Civil Affairs Bureau) may issue an immigrant residence permit according to the time limit mentioned in Article 27. 1 of this Law (up to five years, extended once for three years).
29.2 If a foreign citizen applying for immigration is over 55 years old, the state administrative organ (Immigration Bureau) in charge of foreign citizen affairs shall abide by the provisions of Article 28.3 of this Law (if a foreign citizen staying for family reasons is over 55 years old, the state administrative organ in charge of foreign citizen affairs may issue a permanent residence permit according to the same principles as the country where the citizen is located).
29.3 If a foreign citizen who has obtained an immigrant residence permit in Mongolia stays abroad for more than 180 days in a year, the state administrative organ in charge of foreign citizen affairs may revoke the immigrant residence permit.
29.5 The total number of foreign citizens who emigrate to Mongolia shall not exceed 0.5% of the population of Mongolia, and the number of one ethnic group shall not exceed 0. 17%.