on the diet, nutrition and health of college students 1. As a new generation of learning groups and successors of the motherland, college students' nutritional quality will directly affect the future of the motherland. Cultivating college students' good eating habits and forming a healthy body is a necessary prerequisite to conform to the future social development. Therefore, paying attention to the health of college students has become a problem that we can't ignore. This paper will discuss the problems and countermeasures of contemporary college students' diet.
1. Investigation on the nutritional status of college students in our college
Through a questionnaire survey of 5 college students, the results show that nearly half of them are malnourished or overnourished, and the nutritional and health status of college students is not optimistic at present. The reasons are as follows: < P > Not paying attention to balanced nutrition. The survey results show that most college students lack knowledge of nutrition, overeat, pay no attention to their own dietary balance, pay no attention to science and nutrition, and have a random diet, and some problems are universal.
1. The carbohydrate intake is obviously insufficient. In particular, the calorie intake of girls is generally low, only about 69% of the standard calorie.
2. The calorie distribution of three meals is improper. Many students have no time to have breakfast in the morning because they stay up late at night and don't have enough sleep time. Some students develop the bad habit of taking a break at 1: a.m. and eating in a hurry.
3. The intake of high-quality protein is insufficient. According to the survey results, the intake of protein for boys is 7% of the standard supply, while that for girls is 75%.
4. Insufficient vitamin intake. Because our school is located in a remote place, there are few vendors in the school, and vegetables and fruits have to be bought in distant markets, so some college students prefer not to eat them.
bad eating habits. The survey shows that college students are partial eaters and picky eaters, accounting for 42%, of which 64% are girls, mainly snacks and vegetarianism, and 36% are boys. Those who skip breakfast or substitute snacks for breakfast account for 32%, which is an important reason for malnutrition and overnutrition. College students are in a vigorous period of growth and development. During this period, they have a heavy learning burden, a large amount of activities and poor energy and nutrients. Snacks and vegetarianism replace staple food in long-term diet, and the food is monotonous, which is the main reason for malnutrition of girls. Long-term preference for meat food and carbohydrate food in the diet leads to excessive fat and energy in the body, coupled with lack of exercise, which will cause obesity over time, which is the main cause of obesity in boys. In order to lose weight, some girls go on a blind diet, don't eat enough for lunch, hardly eat dinner or replace it with fruit or yogurt, which causes malnutrition.
Second, the role of a balanced diet on college students
A balanced diet is closely related to the growth and development of college students, their learning spirit, and the treatment and prevention of diseases.
The importance of balanced dietary structure to growth and development. Nutrition is the most important material basis for the growth and development of college students. The growth and development of organisms, life activities and mental and physical labor all depend on the material metabolism in the body. In the process of material metabolism, the body must constantly ingest a certain amount of food from the outside world, and a reasonable diet is the quality foundation for the growth and development of college students. The growth and development of human body, life activities and mental and physical labor all depend on the quality metabolism in the body. In the process of substance metabolism in human body, a certain amount of nutritious food must be ingested from the outside from time to time in order to promote the growth and development of the body and fully enrich the human spirit.
A balanced diet structure can improve the learning efficiency of college students. Reasonable nutrition plays an important role in promoting college students' health and learning. Therefore, a reasonable diet structure, which is necessary for the healthy growth of college students, can improve the activity of the brain and the learning efficiency of college students.
Third, how to improve college students' dietary nutrition
Raise awareness and popularize nutritional knowledge. Vigorously publicize scientific and reasonable nutrition knowledge through various effective ways, so that college students can understand the composition of adult dietary pagoda, and understand their daily requirements of high-quality protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, inorganic salts, water and dietary fiber. The food requirements are diversified, with cereals as the mainstay, eating more high-quality protein and fresh vegetables and fruits, often eating milk, beans or their products, eating fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat in moderation, and eating less fat and meat oil. Help students to establish the concept of dietary balance, understand the relationship between various nutrients in the human body, completely correct the bad eating habits of partial eclipse, and let college students understand that good eating habits are a healthy need and a manifestation of civilization.
adjust the dietary structure of college students. Paying attention to the art of food cooking, making reasonable food allocation and cooking is one of the important links to ensure the quality and nutritional level of meals. The nutrients contained in various foods are not exactly the same, and no natural food can fully provide all the nutrients necessary for human body. Therefore, college students must eat a variety of foods extensively, scientifically distribute the nutrition and food quantity of each meal, and achieve the principles of eating well for breakfast, eating enough for lunch and proper nutrition for dinner, so as to meet the nutrients needed by college students and promote their healthy growth. The staff in the canteen should also choose the food with rich nutrition and reasonable price according to the local eating habits, climatic and geographical conditions and market conditions, and increase the pleasant sensory effects such as color, fragrance and taste according to the attributes of the food, at the same time, make the food easier to digest and absorb, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients contained in the human body. Try to preserve the original nutrients in food to avoid damage and loss.
In short, college students are currently in a critical period of physical and mental development, and a reasonable diet plays a key role in college students' physical and mental development. Therefore, it is an urgent job for every educator to pay attention to the dietary health of college students.
A brief talk on college students' diet, nutrition and health. Abstract 2
The college age is an important stage to learn knowledge and grow up, and it is also an important period to form good eating habits. It is of great significance to master certain nutrition knowledge and form good eating habits at this stage to promote growth and ensure good health. Especially for contemporary college students, the mission entrusted to us by the times requires that we must have a healthy body and be full of vigor and vitality of warm-blooded young people in order to become the pillars of the country. Then, paying attention to ourselves and health has become an issue that we cannot ignore. This paper comprehensively discusses the current college students' dietary nutrition from three aspects: the general situation of college students' dietary nutrition, the role of college students' balanced diet and the countermeasures to improve their dietary quality, in order to enhance their awareness of balanced diet nutrition.
Keywords
Dietary nutrition; Health; General situation; Measures
Foreword
The word "nutrition" comes from Latin, and its original meaning is "breast-feeding". Nutrition is the material basis for human beings to maintain life and meet the energy needs of survival, study and work. In the field of nutrition, the whole process of food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization is usually called nutrition. Nutrients refer to substances that ensure human growth, development, reproduction and maintain a healthy life, among which the most important nutrients are carbohydrates, protein, fat, water, minerals and vitamins. College students are a special group of young people, who are in the middle and late stage of growth and development. They are lively and active, have a large amount of exercise, plus heavy mental work and intense study, which is the period when they need the most nutrients in their lives. However, at present, college students in China know little about the source of nutrients and food classification, and do not know how to mix nutrients. There are many nutritional problems, which will affect the growth and study of college students.
first, the standard of measuring self-health
health is not only the absence of physical disability, but also a complete physical, psychological state and social adaptation. Health standards: energetic, able to take on daily life and heavy work calmly, without feeling too nervous and tired, optimistic, positive, willing to take responsibility, not picky, good at rest, good sleep, strong adaptability, able to adapt to various changes in the external environment, able to resist common colds and infectious diseases, moderate weight, well-proportioned body, coordinated head, shoulders and arms when standing, bright eyes and reaction. Four cornerstones of health: reasonable diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction, and psychological balance.
(1) Main problems in the dietary nutrition of college students in our school
Du Yuxia, president of the Student Nutrition and Health Promotion Association, pointed out that there are three main problems in the nutritional and health status of Chinese students: First, they lack nutritional knowledge and their eating habits are unscientific. Second, the diet structure is unreasonable. The energy supply ratio of cereal and protein is low, and the fat supply ratio of urban school-age children and adolescents is high. Nutrient intake is insufficient. The deficiency of micronutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin A is widespread. Third, lack of physical activity. Bad lifestyles, such as skipping breakfast, eating out, drinking and smoking, have increasingly prominent effects on health.
1 Lack of nutrition knowledge
With the rapid development of national economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, more and more people begin to pay attention to diet nutrition. With the popularization of nutrition science knowledge and the publicity and education of nutrition and hygiene, people have a further understanding of balanced diet nutrition and hygiene. First of all, the diet should contain all the nutrients necessary for the human body (protein, fat, sugar, vitamins, inorganic salts and water). Secondly, the food intake should be conducive to digestion, absorption and utilization, fresh and pollution-free, and reasonable production and processing can stimulate appetite and diversify (color, fragrance, taste and beauty). At the same time, the calories of three meals a day should be reasonably distributed. According to the recommendation of China Nutrition Society, breakfast accounts for the whole day. College students in our school generally lack nutrition knowledge, and the malnutrition rate is high. College students lack nutrition knowledge, and their performances are different among students of different majors. Generally speaking, girls' nutrition knowledge is better than boys'.
2 unscientific eating habits
After entering the university, the daily diet of college students is controlled by the students themselves. Many students' living habits are extremely unscientific, mainly as follows:
1. Most college students' daily diet is irregular, and the amount and time of three meals a day are often irregular. Most students don't have the habit of eating three meals regularly, and most of them don't eat in the school cafeteria. Many college students don't pay attention to eating breakfast, but the phenomenon of eating supper and snacks is common, the distribution of three meals is unreasonable, and the distribution of calorie intake of each meal is uneven.
2. After entering the university, many college students like to eat cold drinks, and the phenomenon of sugar addiction is obvious. The sugar intake of male and female college students generally greatly exceeds the standard supply, which makes them gain weight and have the idea of losing weight, and most of them are girls.
3. quite a few students, especially junior students, have the habit of indulging in internet cafes and often stay up late outside, which makes their physical fitness drop sharply. I often skip classes, even if I attend classes, I am mentally exhausted and can't concentrate on listening. College students often drink drinks instead of milk and fruit, often overeating and so on. The lack of good study and living habits also directly affects the unscientific and irregular eating habits of students.
4. What is particularly serious is that many students think that they are young and have not paid enough attention to the temporary physical discomfort, but they do not know that these problems will erupt when they accumulate to a certain extent.
3 diet structure is unreasonable
China Nutrition Society draws lessons from the western and Japanese diet structure, and based on the traditional diet structure model in China, formulates the index of reasonable diet structure for adults in China in the near future, and recommends it to the people all over the country. This dietary composition index is: adults consume 14 kg of cereals, 3kg of potatoes, 1 kg of beans, 1·5 kg of meat, 5 g of fish, 25g of vegetable oil, 5 g of eggs, 2 kg of milk, 12 kg of vegetables and 3 kg of fruits per month. In this way, the average daily intake of total energy is 1 MJ, which can achieve a basic balance of diet and nutrition. At present, the diet of college boys is mainly cereals and their products, followed by vegetables, melons and eggplant, and the rest are livestock meat, beans and their products. Girls' diet is mainly vegetables, melons, eggplant, cereals and products, followed by livestock meat, beans and their products. The intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, milk and eggs by boys and girls did not meet the requirements, which shows that the diet composition is not reasonable enough. The supply of these foods should be increased in the student canteen to meet the requirements of students' reasonable diet structure.
Second, the role of college students' balanced diet
The main nutrients needed by the human body are carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, inorganic salts, water and dietary fiber, which have important physiological functions for the human body. For college students, ensuring scientific nutrition and a balanced diet has the following functions.
(1) Being able to replenish physical strength and enhance memory
College students are a special group. They are in adolescence, with vigorous metabolism, liveliness and activity, and heavy learning tasks. Their growth and development, learning effectiveness, living ability and disease resistance, labor effectiveness and sports ability are closely related to nutrition and health. If malnutrition, it will not only affect the health of the body, but also affect their study and life. Scientific research shows that properly improving the nutritional status and making the diet structure as balanced as possible may have a beneficial impact on the full play of long-term memory.
(2) strengthening the body and preventing and curing diseases
A balanced diet is equivalent to a kind of food supplement, on the one hand, it supplements the deficiency of qi and blood; On the other hand, it can enhance the body's immune ability and reduce the occurrence of diseases. Food supplement is mainly based on nourishing, supplemented by treatment. It perfectly integrates dietary nutrition and drug treatment, which can not only enjoy delicious food, but also achieve the effects of strengthening the body and preventing and treating diseases. The most important thing is that food tonic is better than medicine tonic, both in ancient and modern times. Through reasonable nutrition and physical exercise, it can help to reduce heart disease, diabetes and cancer. At the same time, eating foods rich in vitamin C, vitamin E and carotene can slow down skin aging and avoid age-related diseases.
(3) Relieve the mood, adjust the mood
College students are often not calm, impulsive and easily angered, and at the same time they are easily bored with some boring courses, which is not good for their studies or their health. There are some nutrients in the food ingested by human body that can improve people's mood and make them relaxed and happy. Such as spinach, which is rich in magnesium, can relax people's minds and bodies; Eggs, rich in choline, help to improve memory and concentrate; Melon seeds help to calm down. Let college students know this knowledge, which has a certain effect on relieving their mood and adjusting their mood.
Third, measures to improve the quality of college students' diet
(1) Strengthen the education of college students' nutrition and hygiene knowledge
It is suggested that our school offer more elective courses on diet and nutrition, so that they can understand nutrition and hygiene, guide and help college students to establish self-care awareness and develop good eating habits. At the same time, the canteen should be equipped with high-level nutritionists and chefs, strengthen management, continuously improve the nutritional level of the diet and ensure the healthy diet of college students. The knowledge of diet and health should be added to the teaching of physical education class in time, and it should be included in the physical education examination, accounting for a certain proportion. Through these examples