The ruins found in Hong 'an can be traced back to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. At present, there are Peach Blossom Pagoda in Song Dynasty, Twin City Pagoda in Yuan Dynasty and Wu Temple in Qing Dynasty. In this article, I only discuss the first general county in China from three aspects: the ancient city, the ancient town and the ancient village in Hong 'an. There are not only famous revolutionary historical sites here, but also splendid lintel ancient buildings.
First, the memory of Huang An Hongan ancient city
Hong 'an County is located at the southern foot of Dabie Mountain, formerly known as Jiangjiafan and now known as Chengguan Town. It is located in the center of the county, surrounded by mountains. The mother river of Hong 'an runs through the city from north to south, close to Jinsha Lake Wetland Park in the northwest, close to Kezi Mountain in the northeast, and close to famous scenic spots such as Mashan and Jiangjun City Film and Television Base in the south. It is a beautiful and warm hero city.
Standing on the dam of Jinsha Lake in the western suburbs of the county, or on the top of Puzi Mountain in the eastern suburbs of the county, you can look up at Hong 'an City, where there are many tall buildings and trees, showing a new, modern, fashionable and prosperous atmosphere. Back in time, in the center of this city, there used to be a quaint, elegant and exquisite ancient city.
The setting of counties and cities in the Ming Dynasty was determined by the orientation of people and "founder" Geng. With his help, the imperial court approved the distribution of some villages in Macheng, Huangpi and Huanggang, and established a new county government in Huang An, with the county located in Jiangjiafan in the center of the county.
The ancient city of Huang An starts from the southwest corner of Hong 'an No.1 Middle School in the northeast, reaches Datang Corner in the southeast, reaches the former site of the Old Cultural Palace in the southwest and reaches the County Animal Husbandry Bureau in the northwest. According to the records of ancient county annals, the ancient city of Huang An County has a reasonable layout, exquisite architecture and magnificent momentum. The wall is rectangular, and there is a complete moat outside the wall. The circumference of the city wall is about 4000 meters, and the height of the city wall is about six or seven meters. There are Kuixing Pagoda at the four corners of the city wall, and there are gates in the east, west, north and south directions. Towering tower, cornices painted, extraordinary weather.
There are two vertical and horizontal streets inside the ancient city, and many streets and lanes are strung together. I haven't verified the names of these two streets before. After liberation, the vertical street was called Minzhu Street, the horizontal street was called Shengli Street, and the vertical street outside the East Gate was called Jiefang Street. There are three hills outside the ancient city, which are called Beimengang, Nanmengang and Dongmenggang, and their names still exist today.
From the Ming Dynasty to the present, this ancient city has been eroded by years of wind and rain, and has been devastated by the war, especially by the bombing of Japanese planes. The Kuomintang army demolished the city wall to build fortifications, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, it pushed down the city wall and expanded it to the left, making this ancient city of more than 400 years disappear, even the moat disappeared.
In the middle and late 1960s, when I was a junior high school student in Hong 'an No.1 Middle School, I was lucky enough to see the remaining section of the city wall in Beimengang, as well as the ancient experimental shed in the county compound, the Confucius Temple in the county people's armed forces department and the old quadrangle in the county No.1 Middle School. I don't know whether these precious historical sites still exist, but I can't verify them.
Hong 'an is my hometown. Although I have been away from home for decades, I still come back to see it from time to time. I see the county town now, the urban area has expanded from one square kilometer to more than twenty square kilometers, and the population has expanded from four to five thousand to more than two hundred thousand. Although many place names in the past are still in use today, the times are changing and society is progressing.
Today's Hong 'an is no longer the Hong 'an it used to be. Nostalgia fades, new songs are loud, ancient cities disappear, new cities rise strongly, and a brand-new modern, fashionable and prosperous city is presented to the world.
Second, the origin of Hong 'an ancient town (Huang An)
According to county records, in addition to the county seat, there were Qiliping Town, Taohua Town, Yinjiahe Town, Huajiahe Town, Lv Wang Town, Huangpi Station Town, Zhonghe Temple Town and Baliwan Town in Huang An in the late Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was no road traffic in the county, and the goods in and out were mainly transported by backward flowing rivers, so Qiliping Town, Baliwan Town and Zhonghe Temple Town, which are near the river, were the most prosperous.
During the period of the Republic of China, wars in the county continued and the market towns shrank. In 1930s and 1940s, Qiliping, an important town in the north of the county seat, was cleared by the "national army" and bombed by the Japanese invaders, resulting in heavy losses. Since this period, there has been highway traffic in Huang An County, and the layout of market towns has changed from along the river to along the road. Zhonghe Temple Town in the south of the county has declined into a village, while Yinjiahe along the Songbuhekou Highway has gradually developed into Yongjiahe Town.
In the early days of the founding of New China, the larger market towns in Hong 'an (Huang An) were Qiliping Town, Baliwan Town, Tongbai Town and Yongjiahe Town. In addition, the slightly inferior market towns are Tanshugang, Huajiahe, Qiaodian, Gao Qiao River, West Sanligang, Pavilion, Dongshangdian, Zhandian, Liziwan, Taohua, Xinji, Liyuan, Shuan Valley, Miaozuiwan, Zuopodian, Dujiating, Meiere Temple and Taiping Bridge.
From 1950s to 1970s, after the founding of New China, the market towns in Hong 'an County gradually recovered and developed. With the adjustment of administrative divisions, some former market towns have become villages, and some district-level institutions have grown. The larger market towns in the county have been gradually adjusted and formed, and the market towns such as Qiliping, Baliwan, Yongjiahe, Meiere Temple, Zhandian, Huajiahe and Dazhaojia have sprung up, forming seven major market towns with the county as the center and distributed in the north, south and east.
What is particularly worth mentioning here is Qiliping Town in the north of the county seat. This is a century-old star town. Changsheng Street in the town is more than 600 meters long, with blue bricks and tiles, slate floors and shops along the street. It is the commercial center of Hubei and Henan. During the Great Revolution, it was also the center of the revolutionary base areas in Hubei, Henan and Anhui, with Changsheng Street and surrounding buildings. Many of them are the residences of various organs of the Red Army, and those humble low-rise houses are the leaders of the Republic after living. Until today, the township has expanded to both sides of the Daoshui River, with a population of more than 20,000. The architectural style of the whole town is the style of Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is a veritable demonstration tourist town in China.
Speaking of Hong 'an Ancient Town, we have to talk about Baliwan Town in the south of the county seat. From the period of the Republic of China to the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), it was the administrative center of the southern part of the county, which once governed three communes: Bali, Taiping and Meiere. It is not far from my hometown Meiere Temple. I remember there was a street in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the township, and there was Hong 'an No.2 Middle School next to the township. Not far from the town, there is Wu Temple, a national key cultural relic protection unit. At that time, Baliwan Town was a big town in Hong 'an County with a large population and a prosperous market.
Finally, I must talk about my hometown, Mi Ersi Town. In Hong 'an, Meiere Temple is not as famous as Qiliping Town or Baliwan Town, but it was once famous for a temple called Meiere Temple, which made this small market town famous. Our home is about seven miles away from Miaolao Street in Meiere. Before I went to junior high school in the county seat, the only "city" I had been to was Meiere Old Street, a 500-meter-long old bluestone street, which left my childhood memories.
Nowadays, due to the rise of Mier Sancha Road, the town government moved to Sancha Road, and Mier Old Street gradually declined. The red Annan industrial new town in the north of Wuhan, centered on Sancha Road, has developed rapidly, forming a "city" with an area of 1.26 square kilometers, and its scale momentum has surpassed the county seat.
Third, the exploration of ancient villages in Hong 'an (Huang An)
Although Hong 'an (Huang An) was founded only 400 years ago, it has a long cultural history and rich architectural relics. It not only has hundreds of red relics, but also retains many traditional residential resources. At present, there are only eight national traditional ancient villages in China.
These traditional ancient villages are the root and soul of Chinese culture, which not only become the new kinetic energy for Hong 'an to develop tourism industry and promote economic development, but also become a new landmark for inheriting local culture and carrying forward the spirit of Hong 'an.
The traditional ethnic villages in Hong 'an County include Zhulou Village, Tuwan Village, Huilongzhai Village, Ouqiao Village, Yufan Village, Chunshudian Village, Doushan Village in Baliwan Town and Bailinsi Village in Qiliping Town.
Zhujialouwan in Zhulou Village is surrounded by mountains and waters, with more than 30 courtyards and more than 300 houses. After more than 600 years, it has lasted for 23 generations. Known as "the first village in Jingchu", 20 19 1 was selected as the seventh batch of famous Chinese historical and cultural villages.
Doosan Ancient Village is the most intact village in eastern Hubei during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is also the "Founding Ceremony of the Celestial Officials" inscribed by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Wu's Ancestral Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit, covering an area of 3,000 square meters, with a high level of internal architecture, woodcut, pottery sculpture and stone carving, and is known as the "First Ancestral Temple in Eastern Hubei".
Stone Bay in Huilongzhai Village was built in the Ming Dynasty, and was later built into two bays, East Bay and West Bay. However, the architectural style of the village is basically the same, with a blue brick front eaves, a dragon-shaped animal platform, a drum screen partition and a courtyard in the hall. It sits west facing east and is built on the mountain. It is a typical "horseshoe" and "round chair ground". There are outstanding people in Stone Bay. In history, there were two juren and four court officials above Grade 4.
Liu Yunsi Bay in Ouqiao Village was selected as the shooting location by six TV series including Li Xiannian and Yichang Defence War, which attracted more than 1 10,000 people and was selected as the third batch of ancient villages in 20 14.
The owner of Yufan Village is close to Dou Wei Lake Reservoir, with beautiful scenery and superior natural resources. It is a century-old village where natural landscape and humanistic culture coexist.
The buildings of Chengjia Summer Resort in Chunshudian Village are all Ming and Qing styles, and they still retain their original appearance. In recent years, it has attracted a large number of film crews to take pictures here, among which many scenes of "Iron Blood and Red Security" were shot in Chengjia Summer Resort.
Bailinsi Village is a famous revolutionary martyr village. Villagers have moved here from Jiangxi for more than 600 years, with profound historical background and rich red cultural resources. Over the years, the atmosphere of promoting learning and attaching importance to education is rich. 2065438+In September 2009, it was selected into the list of typical demonstration villages in beautiful countryside, Hubei Province.
In addition to the above eight national-level ancient villages, there are many ancient villages in Hong 'an hidden in the deep mountains. For a long time, due to various historical reasons, lack of attention and protection of cultural heritage has led to frequent demolition and construction. Coupled with the loss of population, most ancient buildings are uninhabited, and years of disrepair have led to frequent problems such as collapse and fire.
Hong 'an ancient village is rich in remains, and its protection and development are imminent. First of all, we must raise people's awareness of ancient heritage protection, dredge capital channels through multiple channels, strengthen transportation and infrastructure construction, increase research and planning of ancient villages, expand publicity of ancient villages, improve their visibility and attractiveness, and rationally develop ancient village tourism in protection, so as to promote the development of local economy, promote protection through tourism, form a virtuous circle mechanism, and make ancient villages a new bright spot in rural tourism and realize the sustainable development of ancient villages.