Economic globalization is a process in which countries are interconnected and interdependent, and it is the only way for the development of human society. Only by deeply understanding the historical logic and development trends of economic globalization can we better understand the inevitability behind the historical process of economic globalization and grasp the initiative to participate in and lead economic globalization.

The historical process of economic globalization

First, colonial expansion and the formation of the world market. Western countries relied on extortion, power occupation, and colonial expansion to basically complete the division of the world before World War I. All nations in all regions of the world were involved in the capitalist world system. In the 14th century, factory handicrafts with an employment relationship appeared in cities such as Florence, Italy, and capitalism began to sprout, promoting the development of the commodity economy. Early capitalists and adventurers were eager to acquire specialties outside Europe (such as Chinese silk, porcelain, tea, etc.), and they also hoped to sell European goods to China, India, and other Eastern countries. The explorations of Dias, Columbus, Vasco da Gama and Magellan opened up new routes to the East and the rest of the world. The opening of the new route completely announced the end of isolation around the world. The world began to become a whole, and traffic from Europe to Asia, America, and Africa became increasingly closer. The process of opening up new shipping routes was also the process of colonial countries conquering and plundering colonies. The development of large tracts of land in the United States led to the rise and prosperity of the triangular trade. European commodities were continuously exported to Africa, but in exchange for nearly 100 million slaves; American gold, silver and industrial raw materials were shipped to Europe by ship, promoting the development of European capitalist economy.

In 1765, the British weaver Hargreaves invented the Jenny machine, which began the first scientific and technological revolution in human history. In 1785, Watt's improved steam engine was used in the textile field, and mankind entered the steam age. Subsequently, steam power was used in the transportation sector, trains and steamships were invented one after another, and production efficiency increased rapidly. The industrial products of capitalist countries are sold abroad, and Asia, Africa and Latin America have become their industrial raw material supply bases and commodity dumping markets, and the world's economic connections are becoming increasingly closer. In the 1870s, the second scientific and technological revolution began, marked by the widespread use of electricity. Cars, telegraphs, telephones, airplanes, etc. They came out and were put into use one after another, which promoted the development of capitalist economy, monopoly organizations began to form, and capitalist countries entered the monopoly stage. In 1969, the Suez Canal was officially opened to traffic and controlled by Britain and France. In 1914, the Panama Canal was officially opened to traffic and controlled by the United States. This greatly shortened the voyages around the world and made the world's economic activities more closely connected in time and space.

Second, two parallel world market stages. While productivity promotes the development of world capitalism, it also pushes capitalism toward self-denial. An important result of World War I was the establishment of a socialist system in the Soviet Union. Corresponding to the establishment of new social systems is the emergence of new production methods. This new method of production showed its vitality not only in the Soviet Union, but also throughout the world. Thus, a new world market emerged. After the end of World War II, with the birth of a number of socialist countries, the independence of colonial and semi-colonial countries, and the formation of the two major camps of socialism and capitalism in the world, this new world market has become a parallel existence with the capitalist world market. These two parallel world markets are not completely closed to each other, but are competing fiercely with each other driven by the third scientific and technological revolution marked by technological breakthroughs in atomic energy, electronic computers, aerospace, microelectronics, and bioengineering. , and there is a certain degree of cooperation. Internally, they are deepening cooperation within their respective systems and promoting various forms of integrated development; externally, capital is undergoing a new round of expansion on a global scale, promoting economic globalization toward systematization and institutionalization. In general, economic cooperation among countries around the world has been further deepened, and connections around the world have become more convenient.

In the new century, the "forward driving force and backward resistance" of economic globalization have gained new development. On the one hand, with the information revolution as the forerunner, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation has played a new chapter in world interconnection. Various new technologies and new systems have connected the world more closely and further deepened the relationship between global interests and responsibilities. ***Enjoy. On the other hand, anti-globalization thoughts are surging. The United States has put forward the slogan "America First" and promoted unilateralism in international affairs. The development of economic globalization has encountered huge resistance.

With the development of productivity, economic globalization will continue to develop.

Economic globalization will encounter such great resistance, which is closely related to the fact that although the old production relations cannot prevent the development of new productive forces, they will do their best to hinder the development of new productive forces before withdrawing from the stage of history. . With the development of economic globalization, the balance of power between various interest groups around the world and within countries has changed greatly, but the old distribution pattern of wealth and power has not been broken. The retained power of the old pattern and system has hindered the development of a new round of economic globalization that is compatible with the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, and has posed a huge challenge to the new round of economic globalization.

Secondly, economic globalization will amplify the economic crisis and form the second self-denial of economic globalization. With the continuous development of economic globalization, economic and trade exchanges between countries in the world have become increasingly frequent, and the degree of interdependence has gradually increased. The trend of “everyone prospers, everyone loses” is becoming increasingly obvious.

Contemporary economic globalization is mainly dominated by capitalist production relations, which makes the basic contradictions of capitalism expand to the world along with economic globalization. When the basic contradictions of capitalism develop to a certain extent, a world economic crisis will erupt. In addition, economic globalization is to a large extent the globalization of the market economy. As the market economy expands globally, it also extends its spontaneity and blindness to the world, thereby exacerbating the disorder and risks of the world economy and triggering the outbreak of the world economic crisis. It can be seen that economic globalization can not only realize the global flow of goods, capital, technology, labor and other resources, but also improve the efficiency of resource allocation. At the same time, the economic risks of a single country will be spread to other countries. If economic globalization further develops according to the current model, the risk of global crisis will become greater and greater, and criticism of economic globalization will become stronger and stronger.

Finally, economic globalization will amplify social unrest and form the third self-denial of economic globalization. First, economic globalization makes wealth distribution more global, leading to unfair wealth distribution. The social class contradictions in one country have expanded to the whole world. It can be said that with the development of current and past economic globalization, class conflicts will deepen, more and more people will be involved, and the area affected will become wider and wider. If social unrest occurs, the scale will be even larger. This makes economic globalization likely to be opposed by those who hope to ease class conflicts. Second, economic globalization has strengthened the connection and interaction between domestic factors and international factors in various countries, increasing the probability that international issues will induce domestic turmoil and domestic problems will trigger international turmoil. Turbulence that originally only occurred locally or within a certain country is likely to expand to the entire world through the flow of factors. Countries implicated in the turmoil are likely to blame economic globalization for their losses.

Nevertheless, we must see that economic globalization is linked to the development of new productivity. At present, with the development of society and the progress of the times, the new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communications, the Internet of Things, and blockchain is accelerating the breakthrough and use, promoting the in-depth development of economic globalization and making the connections between countries more close. For example, the emerging new information service models such as online live broadcasts, short videos, mobile games, online education, and cloud computing all have the characteristics of global consumption. The real economy and information technology are deeply integrated, and the level of digitization, networking, and intelligence of physical products is constantly improving. With the help of information networks, big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other information technologies, physical products can be used in any corner of the world. Provide information technology support. Information communication breaks through geographical restrictions and moves from quantitative changes to qualitative changes. In terms of information alone, mankind will even leap from a "global village" to the level of "one family". Information technology provides a broader world for human interaction and economic globalization.

In the new century, new discoveries in life sciences, new breakthroughs in biotechnology, and new developments in the biotechnology industry have greatly changed the process of human and social development. For example, the increasingly mature transgenic technology, cloning technology, and the accelerating development of genomics technology, proteomics technology, bioinformation technology, biochip technology, stem cell tissue engineering and other key technologies have promoted the rapid development of the biotechnology industry and profoundly changed It affects human health, agriculture, population and food status. This will not only give human beings longer lives and expand opportunities and willingness for global exchanges; it will also bring about changes in concepts, minimize the occurrence of conflicts and loss of wealth from an individual perspective, and make the world more peaceful and stable. Make the global flow of production factors safer. Advanced manufacturing technology integrating robots, digitization, and new materials is accelerating the transformation of manufacturing into intelligent, service-oriented, and green. The accelerating development of energy technology with the goal of clean, efficient, and sustainable will trigger global energy changes, space and oceans Technology is expanding new frontiers for human survival and development. This also means that the space for economic globalization is constantly expanding. In addition, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are gathering strength, spawning a large number of new industries, new business formats, and new models, which will bring about earth-shaking changes to global development and human production and life. All this means that economic globalization is the result of material forces and will inevitably develop with the development of new productive forces.

China’s development must conform to the general trend of economic globalization

“Economic globalization is a historical trend. The Yangtze River, the Nile River, the Amazon River, and the Danube River are rushing forward day and night. There will be some back waves, and although there will be many dangerous shoals and reefs, no one can stop the momentum of the river. "Therefore, China's development must conform to the general logic and trend of economic globalization and firmly grasp it. Seize the historic opportunity of economic globalization.

First, work together to win the battle against the global epidemic prevention and control, and stand at a new starting point for a new round of economic globalization. During the epidemic prevention and control period, China took the initiative to cooperate with relevant countries and international organizations to provide the international community with urgently needed epidemic prevention materials of high quality and quantity. It implemented the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind with practical actions, which strongly proved that unity and cooperation are the key to the victory of the international community. The most powerful weapon against the epidemic, optimizing the global public health governance mechanism is the best way to safeguard public health security.

To win the battle against global epidemic prevention and control, we should strengthen the role of multilateral mechanisms such as the World Health Organization, effectively transform the experience and practices formed in international anti-epidemic cooperation into a fundamental and long-term institutional system, and build a strong global public health security. strengthen international macroeconomic policy coordination, maintain the stability and smoothness of global industrial chains and supply chains, and promote the recovery of the world economy.

Second, adhere to mutual benefit, win-win and common development, and promote the construction of a new open world economic pattern. Building a new open world economic pattern is the only way to promote the healthy development of economic globalization and build a better world. To this end, we need to adhere to mutual benefit, win-win and common development, optimize the layout of the global industrial chain, ensure the security of the global supply chain, establish and improve a mechanism for resolving trade frictions, accelerate consultations on trade and investment liberalization and facilitation; and advocate a multilateral free trade mechanism , expand the free trade "circle of friends", actively share development experience, and improve people's livelihood and well-being.

Third, adapt to the major changes in the world and improve the global governance system. Since the beginning of the new century, emerging market countries and developing countries have emerged as a group. As the balance of international power changes and global challenges increase, it is an inevitable trend to strengthen global governance and promote changes in the global governance system. At present, the reform of the global governance system is not about tearing down and starting over, and it should not adopt the old thinking of the Cold War and zero-sum game. Instead, it must actively supplement, reform, and maintain the international system with the United Nations at its core and the international order based on international law. Improve the existing international order, promote the reform of multilateral mechanisms such as the World Trade Organization, promote the development of the global governance system in a more fair and reasonable direction, and reserve stronger institutional dividends for the in-depth development of a new round of economic globalization.

Fourth, promote dialogue among civilizations and green development, and accumulate new momentum for the development of economic globalization. Adhere to mutual respect and equal treatment, adhere to the beauty of beauty, beauty and equality, adhere to openness, inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual learning, and promote exchanges of civilizations to transcend civilizational barriers, mutual learning of civilizations to transcend civilizational conflicts, and the survival of civilizations to transcend the superiority of civilizations. Accelerate global green development, strengthen cooperation on ecological environment, biodiversity and climate change response, work together to protect our planet, build the foundation of ecological civilization, and follow the path of green development. Through civilized dialogue and green development, we will expand new space and opportunities for the development of economic globalization and promote a stronger foundation, deeper level, and more sustainable economic globalization.

To conform to the general trend of economic globalization, we should also have a deep understanding of the negative factors of economic globalization. First, we must coordinate openness and security. It is necessary to open windows and expand opening up, but also to install screens to better maintain economic security. In the new stage of development, we must plan domestic development in the context of economic globalization, make full use of two markets and two resources, promote market-oriented reform and promote high-quality development by comprehensively expanding opening up, and strengthen industrial competitiveness and economic development with stronger industrial competitiveness and economic development. Strength and comprehensive national strength to ensure economic security and participate in a higher level of economic globalization with a safer economic system. We must comply with the laws of economic development in major countries, take the expansion of domestic demand as the fundamental foothold of economic development, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, coordinate opening up and reform and development, and find the golden combination of openness and security.

Second, we must effectively prevent and resolve risks. We must adhere to bottom-line thinking, resolutely guard the bottom line and red lines, resolutely implement the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee, stabilize the basics of foreign trade and foreign investment, stabilize the global industrial and supply chains, and implement risk prevention in a practical manner. It is necessary to grasp the intensity, progress and depth of expanding opening up, actively respond to traditional and non-traditional security risks, and better safeguard national economic security.

Third, we must improve our ability to participate in and lead economic globalization. It is necessary to improve its rule-making capabilities, pursue multilateral, regional and bilateral efforts simultaneously, actively participate in a new round of global rule-making, oppose protectionism, and safeguard free trade and multilateralism. It is necessary to improve security capabilities, apply internationally accepted rules, improve industrial security mechanisms, improve economic security risk early warning, improve foreign investment security review, industrial damage early warning, trade relief and other mechanisms to safeguard my country's development interests. It is necessary to improve the talent security capabilities, actively cultivate international talents in economics, law, management, negotiation and other fields, and increase my country's representation in international organizations.

As a part of world history, economic globalization cannot be denied no matter how people criticize it and no matter what twists and turns there may be in its development process. Therefore, what we can do is to deeply understand the historical process, development trends and the inevitability behind economic globalization, use a "brave" attitude to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages in the process of economic globalization, seize the initiative in development, and realize the realization of China's The Chinese dream of great national rejuvenation. Related questions and answers: Economic globalization is manifested in production globalization, trade globalization, capital globalization, and technological globalization. Economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of cross-border trade in goods and services and capital flows, as well as the widespread and rapid spread of technology, which has increased the interdependence of economies around the world. Economic globalization has shown strong vitality and has had a huge impact on the economy, politics, military, society, culture and other aspects of countries around the world, including their way of thinking. This is a profound revolution that no country can avoid. The only way is to adapt to it, actively participate in economic globalization, and be tested in the historical tide.