hundred schools of thought

1. Taoism (Laozi, Zhuangzi, Liezi; Thought: morality, inaction, freedom; Nanhuajing, Daodejing and Guanzi

2. Confucianism (Confucius, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Mencius, Xunzi; Thought: benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith; Four Books: The Doctrine of the Mean, The University, Mencius and The Analects of Confucius)

3. Legalists (Li Kui, Han Fei, Li Si and Han Feizi) Thought: Monarchical centralization, Ruling the country by law)

4. Mohist school (Mozi, Mozi, thoughts: universal love, non-attack, virtuous recommendation, frugality)

5. Famous artists (Deng Xi, Hui Shi, Gong Sunlong, Huan Tuan's Gong Sunlong Zi)

6. Yin and Yang school (Zou Yan, Wuxing, Jin Mu) The Warring States Policy)

8. Miscellaneous scholar (Lv Buwei's Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals)

9. Novelist (Yu Chu's Zhou Shuo)

11. Military strategist (Sun Bin's Sun Bin's The Art of War, Sun Wu's The Art of War, Wu Qi, Wei Liao, Wei Wuji, Bai Qi's thoughts. Emphasize that you must be prepared before fighting)

11. Physicians (Bian Que, Chunyu Yi, Zhang Zhongjing, Hua Tuo, Sun Simiao, Bing Wang, Zhang Congzheng, Zhu Zhenheng, Li Shizhen, Zhang Jingyue)

Qinqi calligraphy and painting

flute, erhu, guzheng, Xiao, drum, guqin, pipa. Ten famous songs (Mountain Flowing Water, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, Three Lane of Plum Blossoms, House of Flying Daggers, Sunset Flute and Drum, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, Autumn Moon in Han Palace, Snow in Spring, Questions and Answers of Fishermen); China chess, China Go, chess, chess pieces, chessboard; China's calligraphy, seal cutting, Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink, inkstone, rice paper), woodcut watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Zhong Dingwen, bamboo slips of Han Dynasty, vertical line-bound books; Chinese painting, landscape painting, freehand brushwork; Dunhuang murals; Eight Horses, Tai Chi (Tai Chi).

traditional literature

mainly refers to poetry and music.

The Book of Songs, Han Yuefu and Sun Tzu's Art of War; Pre-Qin poetry, Han Fu, Tang poetry, Song ci, Yuan Qu, Ming and Qing novels, Four Great Classical Novels (The Journey to the West's Dream of Red Mansions, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Water Margin), Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio, etc.

Traditional festivals

There are various traditional festivals in China, and many things have various manners and customs. There are nearly 51 traditional festivals of the Han nationality. The following are the five major festivals: Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival (Lantern Festival), Flower Festival (Hundred Flowers Birthday), Shangsi Festival (March 3rd), Cold Food Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, Chinese Valentine's Day, Zhongyuan Festival (Ghost Festival), Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Winter Solstice Festival, Laba Festival, Kitchen Sacrifice Day (off-year) and New Year's Eve. Each place also has local and ethnic characteristics.

China plays

Peking Opera, Yue Opera, Shaanxi Opera, Chaozhou Opera, Kunqu Opera, xiang opera Opera, Henan Opera, Quju Opera, Errenzhuan Opera, Hebei Bangzi Opera, Shadow Play, Sichuan Opera, Huangmei Opera, Cantonese Opera, Huagu Opera, Baling Opera, Puppet Opera, Facial Makeup, Liyuan Opera and Taiwanese Opera.

China architecture

Pavilion archway, garden temple, bell tower temple, pavilions and houses

Chinese characters

couplets, riddles (riddles), two-part allegorical sayings, idioms, reflections, wine orders, doggerel, etc ...

Traditional Chinese medicine

Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, doggerel, etc. The synopsis of the golden chamber

religious philosophy

Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, Zhouyi, Yin and Yang, Five Elements, Ganzhi, compass, gossip, divination, geomantic omen, facial expressions, etc.

Chaozhou embroidery, paper-cutting, kites, China embroidery (embroidery, etc.), Chinese knots, clay figurines and facial expressions. Wudang

regional culture

Middle-earth culture, Chaoshan culture, Jiangnan culture, Jiangnan water town, Saibei Lingnan, desert customs,

China traditional culture

Mongolian grassland, black land, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, land of abundance, Northwest China, Guilin landscape, Tianya Haijiao, Zhongyuan culture, Baling culture .. Folk customs

Etiquette. Door gods, New Year pictures, firecrackers, glutinous rice balls, jiaozi.

Dress in Clothes

Dress in Clothes of the Han nationality started from the Yellow Emperor and was prepared in Yaoshun, with different shapes in different dynasties.

Dress of the Han nationality

There are also Chinese tunic suit, Tang suit, cheongsam, ethnic minority costumes, various traditional and modern accessories, shoes, hats, etc. which were born under the influence of other ethnic cultures in China.

Four Great Musicals

Flowers, Birds, Fish and Insects

Animals and plants

Dragons, phoenixes, Kirin, tigers, leopards, cranes, turtles, giant pandas ... Ten famous orchids, plum blossom, peony, lotus, chrysanthemum, rose, osmanthus, azalea, daffodil and camellia.

Longsheng has nine sons: prison cow, yazi, chifeng, bulong, armadillo, armadillo, kiss, gluttony, pepper map, and centipede.

antiques

jade (Yu Pei, jade carving ...) gold and silver wares, porcelain, mahogany furniture, cloisonne, China lacquerware, painted pottery, purple sand wares, batik, ancient weapons (armor, broadsword, sword, eighteen weapons, etc.), bronzes, antiques (copper coins, etc.), ding, Jin Yuanbao, Ruyi, Zisha ware.

Eating and Cooking

Seven things to do when going out: firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea; Tea ceremony; Wine culture, Chinese food, eight cuisines (Shandong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan and Huizhou), jiaozi, glutinous rice balls, zongzi, rice cakes, moon cakes and chopsticks; Shark's fin, bear's paw, sea cucumber, abalone ...

Legends and myths

Pangu created the world, The goddess patching the sky, Houyi shot the sun, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Kuafu shot the sun, Jingwei filled the sea, made a fairy match, Liang Zhu, Meng Jiangnu cried for the Great Wall, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, and the legend of white snake ...

Ghosts and monsters

. Music created in the inherent form of the nation and with the inherent morphological characteristics of the nation includes not only ancient works produced in history and spread to this day, but also contemporary works. It can be seen that traditional music includes "national music" but not "new music", but they are all "China music".

Traditional music is an extremely important part of China folk music. The difference between traditional music and new music lies not in the order of musical composition, but in its expression form and style characteristics. For example, Erhu solo "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon" and "Fishing Boat Singing Night" are modern music works, but their performance forms are inherent in the Chinese nation, so they are also traditional music. On the contrary, school songs and piano solo "The Shepherd Boy Piccolo" are not traditional music because of their musical morphological characteristics borrowed from western music.

The division of traditional music was first seen in the Introduction to National Music compiled by China Conservatory of Music, which is divided into five categories: songs, singing and dancing music, rap music, opera and instrumental music. However, most colleges and universities incorporate singing and dancing music into folk songs in their teaching, so it becomes four categories: folk songs, national instrumental music, folk art (that is, "rap") music and opera music.

Actually, "national music", "traditional music" and "folk music" are three different concepts: "national music" includes traditional music and new music; And "folk music" is just a category of traditional music. And China's national music is very rich, in addition to folk music, including court music, religious music and literati music.

Mr. Du Yaxiong classifies China traditional music as follows: folk music, literati music, religious music and court music; Among them, folk music includes folk songs, folk instrumental music, folk songs and dances, opera music and rap music; Literati music includes guqin music, poetry chanting, and literati self-tune; Religious music includes Taoist music, Buddhist music, Islamic music, Shamanism and other religious music; The court music includes sacrificial music, ceremonial music, welcoming and touring music, and banquet music.

"Opera"

Opera "Four Tones"

Four Tones are brilliant and influential to opera;

kunshan dialect has been improved and created artistically.

Yiyang accent, with strong rhythm, white rolling and high pitch;

Bangzi, loud and bitter, is used skillfully.

Pi Huangqiang, two in one, called Erhuang, and Xipi;

Xipigang, two yellow suppression, later development, became a Beijing opera.

kunshan cavity, Yiyang cavity, bangzi cavity and Pi Huangqiang are typical vocal cavities.

China's top ten classical songs: Flowing Mountains, Three Alleys of Plum Blossoms, Moonlit Night on the Spring River, Autumn Moon in the Han Palace, Spring Snow, Questions and Answers from Fishermen, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, Guangling San, Wild Goose in Pingsha, and House of Flying Daggers.

China antithetical couplets

Couplets, also known as couplets or couplets, are antithetical sentences written on paper, cloth or carved on bamboo, wood and pillars, which are concise, neat and even, and are a unique artistic form of Chinese language. Legend has it that couplets originated from Meng Chang, the master of Shu after the Five Dynasties. It is a cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.

Couplets originated in the Qin Dynasty, and were called Taofu in ancient times. With regard to the earliest couplets in China, Mr. Tan Chanxue wrote in the fourth issue of Knowledge of Literature and History in 1991 that the earliest couplets in China appeared in the Tang Dynasty.

the time span is from the pre-Qin dynasty, the Han dynasty to the southern and northern dynasties. In China's ancient poems, some neat antithetical sentences appeared very early. Several ancient ballads that have been handed down to this day have seen their origins. Such as "digging a well and drinking, plowing and eating", "working at sunrise, taking a rest every day" and so on. To the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, antithetical sentences were even more common. There have been some antithetical and neat sentences in the hexagrams of the Book of Changes, such as: "He who can see can limp." ("Lu" hexagrams "63"), "First on the sky, then on the ground." (Ming Yi's hexagram "Shang Liu") The antithetical and neat sentences in Yi Zhuan are more common, such as: "Look up at astronomy and look down at geography." ("Cohesion Descending"), "Correspondence with one voice, seeking with the same spirit, wet water, dry fire, clouds following dragons, wind following tigers ... all follow their own categories."

Duality is the antithetical sentence in metrical poems. This style of poetry, also known as modern poetry, was formally formed in the Tang Dynasty, but its origin began in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In Cao Wei's time, Li Deng wrote ten volumes of Sounds, and Lv Jing wrote five volumes of Rhymes, which separated the sounds of Qing and voiced sounds from those of Gong, Shang, Jiao, Zheng and Yu. In addition, Sun Yan wrote "Er Ya Yin Yi", which uses anti-tangent phonetic notation. He is the founder of anti-tangent.

Chinese traditional culture should include: ancient prose, poetry, ci, qu, fu, national music, national drama, quyi, Chinese painting, calligraphy, couplets, riddles, shots, alcoholic drinks, two-part allegorical sayings, Taoist culture, Zen culture, food culture, filial piety culture, charity culture, traditional Chinese medicine culture, etc. Traditional festivals (all according to the lunar calendar) include: Spring Festival on the first day of the first month (Lunar New Year), Lantern Festival on the fifteenth day of the first month, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of May, Chinese Valentine's Day on the seventh day of July, Mid-Autumn Festival on the fifteenth day of August, Lunar New Year's Eve and various folk customs. The ancient natural sciences in China, including the traditional calendar, and the traditional cultures of various regions and ethnic minorities living in the big family of the Chinese nation are also components of Chinese traditional culture.