Su Shi has achieved extremely high attainments in literature, poetry and Ci, and can be regarded as the representative of the highest achievement of literature in the Song Dynasty. Moreover, Su Shi's creative activities were not limited to literature. He made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also contributed to medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi typically embodies the cultural spirit of the Song Dynasty.

From the perspective of literary history, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm that future generations of literati admire: he can advance and retreat freely, and he is unfazed by favors and disgrace. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of scholars in feudal society with the same value scale, he was able to remain calm and unstoppable.

Of course, this paradigm is more applicable when scholars encounter ups and downs. It can lead to a state of life that adheres to ethics and is full of fertility. This is what scholars of all generations after the Song Dynasty hoped to achieve. of.

Extended information:

In the minds of later generations of literati, Su Shi was a genius literary master, and people rushed to draw nourishment from Su Shi's works. During the era of confrontation between the Jin Kingdom and the Southern Song Dynasty, Su Shi had a profound influence on both the north and the south.

Su's poetry not only influenced the poetry of the Song Dynasty, but also provided important inspiration to the Gong'an School poets in the Ming Dynasty and the Song Poetry School poets in the early Qing Dynasty. Su Shi's spirit of liberating the style of poetry was directly inherited by the Xin School of poets in the Southern Song Dynasty, forming a bold and unrestrained style of poetry that was as equal as Wanyue's. Its influence has been felt by Chen Weisong and others in the Qing Dynasty.

Su Shi’s prose, especially his short essays, is the artistic origin of the Gong’an school of prose in the Ming Dynasty, which advocated independent expression of spirit. The influence of Su Wen can still be seen in the prose of Yuan Mei and Zheng Xie in the Qing Dynasty. .

Baidu Encyclopedia-Su Shi

Edited on 2019-07-14

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Understanding and evaluation of Su Shi. About 100 words.

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Talk about your understanding and evaluation of Su Dongpo. About 100 words

Chinese [Northern Song Dynasty] writer, Calligraphers and painters. His courtesy name is Zizhan and his nickname is Dongpo Jushi. [Song Dynasty] A native of Meizhou (now Dongpo District, Meishan City, Sichuan Province). His father Su Xun and his younger brother Su Che are both famous ancient writers, known as the "Three Sus" in the world. Jiayou became a Jinshi and served as a judge in Fengxiang Mansion, advocating the reform of bad government. Shenzong opposed the reform at the time, but during his tenure in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and exterminated locusts, helped the poor and rescued orphans, and made many political achievements. Later, he was demoted to Huangzhou for "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy at that time and went out to know the four states of Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding. Huizong was pardoned and summoned back for the first time. Poems, lyrics and prose all represent the highest achievements of literature in the Northern Song Dynasty. Most of the poems express the emotions of the bumpy official career, while some reflect the suffering of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially good at metaphor. Together with Huang Tingjian, he is also known as "Su Huang". Ci has a wide range of themes, including travel notes, nostalgia, gifts, farewells, and reasoning. It also breaks through the strict constraints of music and promotes the development of Ci. Famous works include "Niannujiao" and "Shui Tiao Ge Tou". There is a poem by Su Dongpo that wets the rain from the tea fairy mountain in the clouds, washing the fragrant skin and powder evenly. Su Dongpo has a poem that personifies tea: The bright moon comes to cast a jade river, and the breeze blows through the spring of Wulin. You must know that Bingxue has a good heart, and it is not a new look that comes from anointing. Don't laugh when you write a little poem. Good tea is always like a beautiful woman. etc., who pioneered the bold style of poetry and were called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji. The prose is full of unbridled arguments, and the narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, "The Story of Shizhong Mountain" and "The Story of the Crane Fang Pavilion", "Chibi Ode" and "Hou Chibi Ode" are both famous works. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is also known as "Ou Su" and is one of the "Eight Masters of Ancient Prose in the Tang and Song Dynasties".

Literary thought emphasizes "doing something for something", advocating nature, getting rid of constraints, "creating new ideas in laws and regulations, and expressing wonderful principles in boldness". Committed to promoting underachievers, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, etc. all came from his disciples. He is good at running and regular script, and together with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu[fu2] and Cai Xiang, he is known as one of the "Four Masters of Song Dynasty". He studied with famous masters in Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and gained his influence from Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became his own family. Zi said: "I can't create my own calligraphy"; another said: "I come up with new ideas and don't follow the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, he was very good at using pen, but he was not as good as the boss who gradually approached nature"; another said: "When he arrived in Huangzhou Later, his strokes were extremely powerful. "In his later years, he had the momentum of overseas turbulence, and his knowledge, broadmindedness, and knowledge were outstanding, and he experienced many ups and downs in his life. His calligraphy style is full of ups and downs, innocent and vast. You can imagine his calligraphy by looking at it. As a person. At that time, his brothers and nephews You, Mai and Guo, and his friends Wang Dingguo and Zhao Lingju all learned from him; later historical celebrities such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Zhidong in the Qing Dynasty, They all learned from him, which shows his great influence. In terms of painting, he painted ink bamboo with the same style as Wen, which is simpler and more vigorous than Wen, and has the potential to dance. Mi Fu said that he "made black bamboo from the ground to the top." I asked: Why not divide it section by section? He said: When the bamboo is growing, how can it grow section by section? , The curves are unprovoked; the stones are hard and cracked, and they are also strange and unprovoked, just like the depression in the chest. "It can be seen that his paintings are very imaginative and far-reaching. He has outstanding opinions on calligraphy and painting, and his influence on painting is even more far-reaching. For example, he attaches great importance to spiritual resemblance, advocates that there is emotion outside the painting, and the painting must have sustenance, opposes similarity in form, opposes the constraints of routine, and advocates "poetry and painting". "Original uniformity, natural craftsmanship and freshness", and clearly proposed the concept of "literati painting", etc., which laid the theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". Existing writings include "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" and "Chibi Fu" ", "An Essay on Appreciation to Civil Teachers" and "Ji Dao Wen on Honoring Huang", etc. The surviving paintings include the "Scroll of Ancient Trees and Strange Rocks"; and the "Scroll of Bamboo and Stone in Xiaoxiang" discovered in recent years is also his work. "Dongpo Seven Collections", the lyrics include "Dongpo Yuefu", etc. Wang Wenhao of the Qing Dynasty published "Su Wenzhong Gong's Poems Compilation and Annotation"

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About 100 words of evaluation or understanding of Su Shi and his writings

Dongpo is a hopeless optimist (he said: I can accompany the Jade Emperor when I go up, and I can accompany the beggars in Beitian Courtyard when I go down. There is no bad person in the world before my eyes), a compassionate moralist (the first public hospital in China was established in Hangzhou, the Children's Saving Society was established in Wuchang, tap water was introduced in Guangzhou, etc.), a good friend of the common people (he has many friends among farmers, He promoted the equality of all ethnic groups for the spread of culture in Hainan), a good official with unparalleled loyalty (the biography of Su Shi in the Song Dynasty, Dongpo's loyal words and eloquent comments, the establishment of the dynasty, the courtiers were unparalleled for a while), one of the eight great literary figures of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and is known as the same as Han Yu Han Chao Su Hai's poetry leads the Song Dynasty and can be traced back to the style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He has always been ranked as the first poet in the Song Dynasty to be bold and bold, but he is also an expert in elegance. His song "There is no grass in the world" is as graceful as Liu Qi's. . Calligraphy is also the first among the four calligraphy masters in the Song Dynasty, and he is also one of the founders of literati painting (Dongpo Pork, Dongpo Pork, etc.) and an engineer. (The spring dawn on the Su Di, the moon is reflected in the Three Ponds), politicians (prefect of the Eight Directions, Minister of the Ministry of War, Minister of the Ministry of Rites, Imperial Academy Scholars who know Zhigao, Shidu Scholars, etc.), philosophers (Mr. Qian said that Dongpo was the first in Zen Buddhism in the Song Dynasty), thinkers ( The leader of Shu studies, he left "Dongpo Yi Zhuan" (which once rivaled Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism in the north and south), historian (Chen Yinke believed that Dongpo had the most historical knowledge in the Song Dynasty), and doctor (left "Su Chen Liangfang") , tea master (left many tea poems), ink-making master, of course, he was also a good teacher and a good leader in the literary world. He discovered and promoted the "Six Gentlemen of Sumen". Dongpo was the best example of ancient scholar-bureaucrats and set a good example for future generations.

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Read "Wen Chibi" and discuss your understanding and evaluation of Su Dongpo in about 100 words< /p>

No literati is as humane as Su Dongpo. He not only lives in poems, songs, and writings, but also lives in the lives of ordinary people. But friends can also be found among the lower Liba people. These things named after Dongpo can be found in ancient texts, and legends can also be heard among the people. Why? Su Dongpo is so smart, he is a philosopher of life. A wise man, and his outstanding talent is the expectation of our nation, which has been immersed in culture for many years. One of the words Chinese people like to use when commenting on a literati is talent. The word "talent" expresses Chinese people's yearning, Chinese people's romance and Chinese people's admiration. Chinese people like Su Dongpo, and his talent, his morality, and his achievements are enough for us to like him. So, we will pin all our yearnings on this person, so "Dongpo meat", "Dongpo fish", "Dongpo cake" appeared... Not only that, we also made up a "Dongpo girl" ", fabricated this talented girl's bridal night to stump Qin Shaoyou, and talked about it with relish. In fact, "Su Xiaomei" does not exist in history, and when we talk about "Su Xiaomei's" talent, isn't it just to set off Su Dongpo's talent? Among ancient Chinese literati, Su Dongpo definitely ranks first among those who are loved by later generations.

Tao Yuanming was too innocent, and his state of mind was not something ordinary people could experience; Li Bai was too elegant, making people feel unattainable; Du Fu was too heavy, making people dare not stand side by side with him for fear of their own Fate will also be contaminated by misfortune; Ouyang Xiu is so noble that even Su Shunqing, Mei Yaochen, Wang Anshi, and Su Dongpo are his students. How many people dare to be among them? That’s why we like Su Dongpo. He can be seen, touched and felt. And his talent is no less than that of anyone else, so when we like him, we can take it for granted and be willing to do so. Confucians practice his "Su Xue", Taoists exaggerate his "alchemy", and Buddhists praise his friendship with Foyin. If you like poetry, you can chant "If you want to compare the West Lake to the West, it is always better to put on light makeup and heavy makeup." If you like lyrics and music He sang in a low voice "I hope people will live forever, and thousands of miles will touch the beauty of the moon". The bold school said that he started "a generation of poetry style", and the graceful school said that he was a "generation of poetry master". Painters admired his "Xiaoxiang Bamboo and Stone Picture Scroll" and calligraphy. Everyone copied his "Poetry on Cold Food in Huangzhou", and his high official position gave people hope for success. His repeated relegations and demotions showed the ups and downs of life. How many people can he still be optimistic and open-minded despite the ups and downs in life? How many people can he give hope and strength? Su Dongpo was so smart. Cheng Hong of the Qing Dynasty commented in his "Ci Jie" in "Shui Tiao Ge Tou: When will the bright moon come": "It is the pen of a god that transforms a human being." This is about his poem, but I regard it as It's talking about him. If he was just an immortal, people might really stay away from him, but he was an immortal, but he turned into a human being, Su Shi and Su Dongpo. (2) There is a widely circulated story that reflects Su Dongpo's temperament. Su Dongpo participated in the Jinshi Examination. In the examination paper, he discussed: "When rewarding loyalty, it is better to be lenient; when punishing crimes, be compassionate and compassionate, so as to avoid innocent people being killed." When he wrote: "In the time of Yao , Gao Tao was a scholar, and he killed Gao Tao. Yao said, "Three." This historical fact can prove the wise emperor's way of employing people, but the judge Mei Shengyu judged Yao at this point. There were records about this matter with Gao Tao, but he did not dare to openly inquire about it. Therefore, Su Dongpo was awarded the second place as a Jinshi. After the exam, Mei Shengyu asked Su Dongpo one day: "In which book does this passage between Yao and Gaotao appear? I can't remember where I read it." Su Dongpo said, "I made it up." Mei Shengyu was shocked: "You made it up!" Dongpo replied: "With the saintliness of Emperor Yao, this statement is also expected." Su Dongpo dared to make it up because of his talent. His talent made him think that the sages were not enough, and he still had to go. Making up sages; Mei Shengyu tolerated Su Dongpo's fabrication because of Su Dongpo's talent. His talent made Mei Shengyu feel that this person was reasonable even if he fabricated it. That's why Ouyang Xiucai said: "I should give way to this person and make him stand out." Then he said to his son: "In thirty years, no one will talk about me anymore. At that time, they will talk about Su Shi." No wonder Emperor Renzong saw him. Brother Su Dongpo came to see him and happily said to his left and right: "I have found two prime ministers for my son." In this way, in the sixth year of Jiayou's reign, he was promoted to the third level with his virtuous and upright words and advice. There were only four people in the third class in the entire Northern Song Dynasty. He was just 25 years old that year, and he was very proud and prosperous. Due to his great reputation, he has received the "favor of knowledge and opportunity" from three generations of emperors: Renzong, Zhenzong and Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. When Su Shi was in the whirlpool of party strife and was in a dilemma, Empress Dowager Gao recalled him from the place where he had been demoted, and told him in the tone of "coining over" and "entrusting him" that the reason why he came back from being demoted was "the intention of Emperor Shenzong." When he (Shenzong) stopped eating and read the words, the insiders would say: "This is Su Shi's writing." Shenzong would always say: "Wizard, wizard!" But Su Dongpo also had the sensitivity and stubbornness of all true scholars. , he was wrongly accused three times in his life and was demoted seventeen times. It cannot just be said to be framed by a "villain". He "entered the world" with Confucianism, "If you are successful, you can help the world, if you are poor, you can be alone." Wang Anshi carried out reforms. He and Wang Anshi argued in the court. Wang Anshi's "Shang Renzong Emperor's Ten Thousand Words Book" advocated reform, so he wrote "Shang Shenzong Emperor's Book", He also spoke eloquently and opposed the reform; he was demoted to Huangzhou, but when he was working as a farmer in Dongpo, he wrote to the prefect to remove the evil custom of infanticide and established a children's rescue society; he only served as a local official for three days in Zhifu, Shandong, and it was during these three days that he Severely punish corrupt officials, plead for the people, and cancel the official salt. He will not hide his opinions, and he will express his feelings when he is in his position, not only in politics, but also in life and relationships. If he satirizes the poems written by others as "like eating a fly and then vomiting it out", it is a joke; when Fengxiang wrote "Lingxutai Ji" for Chen Taishou, he said: "However, after several lives, the desire for it seems to be, "The broken tiles and ruins that no longer exist have turned into grains, thorns, hills and ruins." This can be regarded as his temperament; and in the "Ci Ci" he wrote for Wang Anshi, some people have long seen that "this is a compliment. , but there are subtle meanings in his words, and those who read them should understand. (3) Life is like a dream, life is like a dream, this is Su Dongpo’s definition of life philosophy, and it is also the core of Su Dongpo’s philosophy of life. , "Life is like a dream" has been interpreted by Chinese literati from all aspects. Literary men in the Wei and Jin Dynasties lamented that life is like morning dew, Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty was sleepwalking in Tianmu, Bai Juyi said that life is like a dream from the perspective of love, and Li Gongyou had "a dream in Nanke" after his official career fell. What? Su Dongpo explores the mysteries of life purely from the understanding of the meaning of life, the form of life, and the existence of life. Dreams always make people think of escape, helplessness, and illusion, and Su Dongpo's "Life is like a dream" is an open-minded and radical mentality. Enlightenment, active experimentation.

There is no doubt that Su Dongpo was a great Confucian, but he was also deeply influenced by Buddhism and Taoism. However, Su Dongpo was neither Buddhist nor Taoist. What he did was inclusive. Confucianism emphasizes joining the world, Buddhism advocates rebirth, and Taoism pursues escape from the world. After experiencing the hardships of life and the vicissitudes of life, it is not surprising that Su Dongpo's thoughts of being a good Taoist and selfless person fluctuated. What's more, the combination of Buddhist and Taoist philosophy with literati thought was the basic tendency of literati in the Song Dynasty. He experienced a kind of self-awareness, self-awareness and self-respect of literati. In the Song Dynasty, the yearning for Buddhism and Taoism combined Buddhism and Taoism with literature and art, and the lifestyle was closer to Buddhism and Taoism. The most successful and natural person was not the elegant and unrestrained Su Dongpo, but the rigorous and stubborn Wang Anshi. If Wang Anshi's admiration for Buddhism and Taoism was due to his admiration for their integrity, sutras, and lifestyles, Su Dongpo's admiration for the transcendence, ease, and life forms of Buddhism and Taoism was an expression of admiration. Taking the Confucian spirit as the core, using the Buddhist spirit to transcend, and using the Taoist spirit to nourish the Qi. Although these three sentences are a bit general, they can also express Su Dongpo's attitude towards the three schools. In the changes of good times and bad times, in the interaction between joining the world and being out of the world, in the transformation of passion and illusion, in the collision and excitement of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, Su Dongpo gained integration, integration and unity, thus achieving the joy of nature, A realm of life that is full of vitality, transcendent and tireless, and self-sufficient. Su Dongpo's life philosophy of "life is like a dream" was not suddenly realized one day when he was persecuted, but gradually matured during his life journey. There are traces of it in his early poem "Hezi Nostalgia from Mianchi": "Life is everywhere. Do you know what it's like? It's like Feihong stepping on the snow and mud: his fingers and claws are accidentally left on the mud. The metaphor of "Hongfei's claws in snow and mud" expresses his confusion in life when he first entered the official career; On the other hand, it also implies that he regards life as a long and long journey. And when he was first demoted to Huangzhou, he wrote "Ding Feng Bo" which can be seen as the initial maturity of "Life is like a dream": "Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves in the forest, why not whistling and walking slowly. The bamboo stick is lighter than the horse, who can Afraid? The mist and rain will last forever. //The cold spring breeze blows away the wine, and the setting sun on the mountain top greets me. When I return, there is no wind, rain, or sunshine. What is this kind of life but a dream? It was with the realization that "life is like a dream" that he found joy in suffering when he was demoted to Huangzhou: "The rain washes the east slope and the moonlight is clear, and the people in the city are walking like wild people. Don't dislike the rough road, self-love is resounding ( "The sound of the stick" ("Dong Slope"); the second time he was demoted to Huizhou, he also talked about Huizhou lychees: "The four seasons of spring under Luofu Mountain, the oranges and yellow plums are new every day, and you may grow up to be a Lingnan native" ( "One of the Best Things to Do in Huizhou"); three times being demoted as Dan'er, even when food and clothing could hardly be solved, he could still feel " "Don't be a guest thousands of miles away from the world, for there is a dancing wind by the stream." (Part 2 of "Walking alone under the influence of wine, I strayed to Ziyun, Wei, Hui, and Xianjue Sili's House"). Thanks to Buddha and Taoism, although Su Dongpo also had "Everything is just a dream in the end" ("Nanxiangzi: Harvest of Frost and Water"), "I woke up from a dream and woke up drunk" ("Jiangchengzi: A Dream"), " "Everything outside of me is like a dream, but inside of drunkenness there is nothing but my hometown. The sun and moon are long on the east slope" ("Ten Pai Zi: Newly Opened Baijiu") is a painful numbness and a lament about escaping reality, but the clear and broad-minded thoughts of Buddhism and Taoism Viewing the mind became the spiritual pillar for Su Shi to forge ahead in adversity. It was with this pillar that Su Dongpo found more reasons to love life. Because of his love for life, he was able to persist in "longer than the east wind, about today, the faint fragrance first returns to the jade plum soul" ("On the 20th day of the first month of the sixth year, he returned to the east gate, still using the previous rhyme"); He leisurely entertained himself in difficult times, "Nantang has its unique southwest direction, lying down watching thousands of sails falling into the shallow stream" ("Nantang"); disasters and misfortunes did not dull his perception of the spiritual wisdom of life, and hardships and hardships never dulled his keen insight into life. . On the contrary, after experiencing all kinds of things, he knew how to collect and cherish every bit of happiness, and lived an innocent and wonderful life. (4) Su Dongpo firmly believed in the three iron rules of Confucianism: "cultivate oneself, harmonize one's family, and bring peace to the world." The vicissitudes of the world and the great changes in his life forced him to obtain evidence of life from Buddhism and Taoism. But did he believe in Buddhism? Do you believe it? He believes, but he only seeks sustenance and detachment from another kind of thought. He is by no means a Buddhist or a Taoist. If the story about him and Zen Master Foyin, "Spring is always there in Xiangyangmen, and people who have accumulated good deeds will celebrate (chime) and have more than a few (fish)" is a legend; it is nonsense that he brought a prostitute into the temple and asked the abbot to give wooden fish to the prostitute. The story of him and Foyin, "The distant uncle sold wine and drank from Tao Qian, and Foyin roasted pigs for his son to see. After collecting hundreds of flowers and turning them into nectar, he didn't know who he was working for." However, the story is well-founded. In his later years, he repeatedly revealed his distrust of "alchemy", which also explained his impossibility of becoming a Taoist priest. Thinking back to when Li Bai entered Taoism and walked around the Taoist temple for three days and three nights, Su Dongpo disdained this kind of spirit. Li Qingzhao commented on Su Dongpo's articles: "Dongpo did not work very hard in everything. Ancient prose, calligraphy, and paintings are all good, and so are his words." Is this referring to his articles? Isn't he the one who talks about him? He became a great person "without working very hard". What else can be said about Su Dongpo except that he is smart? In fact, "not working very hard" is Su Dongpo's temperament, and it is also the inevitable result for him to become everyone. Just imagine, if Su Dongpo cares about everything and is always thoughtful, will he still be relaxed, relaxed and free? Su Dongpo was well-known for his calligraphy and painting. Huang Tingjian said of him: "In his early years, he was very good at using the brush, but he was not as good as his elder brother who gradually became more natural." He also said: "After arriving in Huangzhou, he was very powerful with his brush.

" "Huangzhou Cold Food Poems" has been called by later generations "the third running script in the world" after Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Preface" and Yan Zhenqing's "Manuscript of Sacrifice to My Nephew". But what did he say himself? He said: "I create the meaning of calligraphy." I can't think of anything, so I'm just trying to figure it out. "Su Dongpo's "Jiangchengzi·Hunting in Mizhou" and "Shui Tiao Ge Tou·Chibi Nostalgic" started the bold style of poetry, but later stopped writing. This is certainly related to his life experience, but it is not that he is no longer entangled. What about the taste? Su Dongpo’s relationship with wine best reflects his temperament. The taste of wine in his poems is no lighter than that of Li Bai, but his drinking capacity is not as good as Li Bai’s. Zhongyan said: "I drink wine all day long, but it is no more than five rounds. There is nothing in the world that can't be drunk, except for those who give it to others. However, people are happy to drink. When you see a guest raising a glass and drinking slowly, your heart will be full of excitement, and your heart will be full of joy. The pleasant taste is more than that of a guest. I haven't lived a day without any guests, and I haven't had any guests without a glass of wine. There is no better drink in the world. "Isn't this Su Dongpo who drinks lightly but loves to drink but is not addicted to it? And he said, "I have never lived a day without guests." In "Eight Poems of Dongpo", he also said, "I am poor and have old friendships, and my three sons "Only Jiancun", the people who broke up with him were colleagues who were in the officialdom in the old days. The "three sons" who never came "without customers for a day" were Pan Bing who opened a wine shop, Guo Tao who opened a drug store, and Gu Farming Road who sold bamboo. Su Dongpo did not necessarily use wine to soothe his sorrows or indulge in drunkenness. It was his etiquette hobby to "not drink wine before guests arrive", and it was also his exquisite leisure. Su Dongpo later came to Hainan and brewed his own wine for his own use. , hence the name "Zhenyijiu", wine is "Zhenyi", isn't Su Dongpo also a "Zhenyi" in the world? How could Su Dongpo not understand the mystery, so he said in "Zhenyijiu Poetry": "The world is really one Dongpo" "Old". In the Song Dynasty, it was a custom for prostitutes to accompany wine. Every time there was a banquet, prostitutes would be invited to entertain. When Su Dongpo went to a banquet, geishas often asked for poems. Su Dongpo would not refuse nine times out of ten. Throughout his life, he actually wrote for geishas. He has written more than 180 poems, but Su Dongpo is good but not obscene. We can rarely read obscene words and slang in Su Dongpo's poems. This is in contrast to his friend Huang Tingjian, who has always been famous for his good poetry. Written in the sixth year of Yuanfeng (1083), "Ding Feng Bo·Nanhai Returns to Wang Dingguo's Attendant Yu Niang" has an ethereal and light style, with a far-reaching aftertaste, and it has become his masterpiece: "I often envy the jade man in the world, and the sky will respond. Begging for some cakes. The clear song spreads to the white teeth, the wind blows, the snow flies and the sea of ??flames becomes cool. //After returning from thousands of miles away, my face becomes less beautiful, and my smile still carries the fragrance of plum blossoms. I asked if Lingnan was not good, but he said: This place where I feel at ease is my hometown. "Life in the remote and remote areas of Lingnan is difficult, but if you have a happy-go-lucky attitude, you can regard it as your hometown. As Bai Juyi said: "I have no hometown, and peace of mind is where I return." ("Farewell to the City for the First Time") , "No matter where the world is, peace of mind is home" ("Peach Blossom Planting"). Su Dongpo deeply understood the meaning of "peace of mind is home", so he was neither impatient nor tepid at any time, and was at peace with the situation. Nothing goes wrong. Su Dongpo "doesn't work hard at everything", not because he doesn't work hard or pays attention to it, but because he has "peace of mind". (5) Huangzhou is undoubtedly an important stop in Su Dongpo's life, not only because of him. He had just come back from death after suffering the first hardship in his life. It was not only here that he wrote important works in his life, but also because here he got the nickname that would accompany him throughout his life and through the ages - Dongpo. The word "Dongpo" was first frequently used by Bai Juyi, because Bai Juyi also had a Dongpo. Bai Juyi was demoted to Zhongzhou (now part of Sichuan). He planted flowers and trees on the east slope of the city and named it "Dongpo". Only then did Bai Juyi write many poems about "Dongpo", such as "Planting Flowers on Dongpo", "Farewell to Dongpo Flowers and Trees", and "Stepping to Dongpo". The word "Dongpo" was repeatedly chanted by Bai Juyi when Su Dongpo came to Huangzhou. , the official salary was suspended, and life at home was difficult. Fortunately, with the help of Ma Zhengqing, the general magistrate of Huangzhou, he obtained 50 acres of "old camp" (abandoned military camp) in the east of the city for him. Su Dongpo relied on these 50 acres to survive the difficult four years. Years of living, it is also because of this 50 acres of land that a name has achieved eternal fame. When examining the origin of "Dongpo", many people are unwilling to admit that the word "Dongpo" is related to Bai Juyi, saying that Bai Juyi's "Dongpo" is actually. Leisure, while Su Shi's "Dongpo" refers to the needs of life. Their different economic bases make their moods different, so the situations of Su Dongpo and Tao Yuanming are more similar, but they just forgot one thing, that is. Regarding Su Dongpo's respect and love for Bai Juyi, Zhou Bida of the Song Dynasty said: "In this dynasty, Su Wenzhonggong does not give permission lightly, but only respects and loves Lotte and fulfills his poems. Most of his articles focus on eloquence, loyalty, charity, outrightness, affection for people, and lack of attachment to things, which are roughly similar. "("Erlaotang Poetry") Whether Su Dongpo and Bai Juyi are "roughly similar" is another topic, but it is well-founded that Su Dongpo often quotes Bai Letian in his poems. It is true that "Dongpo" was influenced by Letian. And To say that the situations of Su Dongpo and Tao Yuanming are more similar seems to be due to similar living conditions and economic foundations. In fact, what is more similar between Su Dongpo in Huangzhou and Tao Yuanming in Nanshan is their mood, not their lives. Fake, but don't forget that Tao Yuanming asked for seclusion, and he could eat the "five buckets of rice" again at any time if he wanted to, while Su Dongpo was forced to live in seclusion at any time as long as the court wanted. His mood was different from that of Bai Juyi, and also different from that of Tao Yuanming. However, he could not imagine Bai Juyi's leisure, but he yearned for Tao Yuanming's freedom and ease. It can be said that Tao Yuanming relied on mountains and rivers, and Su Dongpo relied on Tao Yuanming.

This is how the phrase "Jiang Chengzi" came about: "I woke up from a dream and was drunk. It is only clear. It is the past life. I have traveled through the world, but I still work hard. Last night, the spring rain on the east slope was full, and the black magpie was happy, reporting a new sunny day. . //The sound of a dark spring lies on the west bank of the snow hall. The stream flows across the mountain in the south, and the solitary mountains and towers of Zeng City are all in my old age. There is a preface: "I wrote a poem about Xiechuan, which still makes people want to see its place. In the spring of Renshu in Yuanfeng, Yu Gong plowed on the eastern slope and built a snow hall to live in. He leaned on the hill behind Siwang Pavilion in the south and controlled the Beishan Mountain in the west. A small spring, sighing with emotion, this is also a tour of Xiechuan." And he "hidden" Tao Yuanming's "Returning Ci" into the word "Shaobian", "making the children sing it, and the direction of time is followed by Dongpo" , Isn’t it a joy to cut off the grass and sing it, and buckle the horns to make a knot?” The most important sentence in this passage is the last four words: “Isn’t it a joy?” On the one hand, spiritually Su Dongpo had Tao Yuanming throw away. The bustling and dirty world, the huge waves, the realization of unexpected life and death; on the other hand, in Huangzhou, he did live a reclusive life like Tao Yuanming. After experiencing unjust imprisonment and life and death, Su Dongpo "happily enjoyed" the countryside, which was a rest for his soul. Therefore, we can often find the shadow of Tao Yuanming in Su Shi. According to some statistics, during the Huangzhou period, Su Dongpo almost echoed Tao Yuanming's poems, "Only Yuanming is the predecessor", which shows Su Dongpo's yearning for Tao Yuanming. And this yearning was actually Su Dongpo's spiritual weapon when he was in misfortune. He saw another form of life and another joy of life from Tao Yuanming. It is this kind of yearning that keeps me from falling into extreme pessimism and disappointment and being unable to extricate myself. After Tao Yuanming returned to seclusion, the taste of a scholar who "entertained with poetry and wine, admired nature, enjoyed family relationships, experienced farming, caressed the pain, and never forgot worries" should have aroused the emotions of the cultural giant Su Shi who was in adversity. But Su Dongpo was different from Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming lived in troubled times. The rulers frequently usurped and killed people, were murderous, the family was strict, and the politics were extremely dark. The dark reality has forced out the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" such as Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. Tao Yuanming's decisive attitude and staying away from the world have his social roots. Su Dongpo lived in a great era, which was the era of freest speech in Chinese history. Whether Wang Anshi reformed or Sima Guang abolished the law, they all had only one purpose, which was to enrich the country and strengthen the people. Su Dongpo's political views were sometimes incompatible with theirs, but after all, he still had an agitated heart, a soaring ambition, a burning passion, and a positive and enterprising hope.

Therefore, he will not retreat into seclusion, so he always walks into the seclusion of mountains and rivers.