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High-speed railway, referred to as high-speed railway for short, refers to a railway system with high design standards and high speed for the safe running of trains. Its concept is not limited to tracks, let alone trains.

High-speed rail has different regulations in different countries, different times and different scientific research and academic fields. The Code for Design of High-speed Railway issued by China National Railway Administration defines high-speed railway as a newly-built passenger dedicated railway with a design speed of 250 km/h to 350 km/h and running the standard gauge of EMU trains.

China's National Development and Reform Commission defined China's high-speed railway as a newly-built or existing railway with a speed of 250km/h or above, and issued the corresponding Medium-and Long-term Railway Network Planning Document, which included some track lines with a speed of 200km/h in the category of China's high-speed railway network.

Ballastless track is widely used in high-speed railways in China, and a few of them use ballasted track. China's high-speed rail lines uniformly operate electric EMU trains with a structural speed of 250 kilometers per hour and above. Trains are divided into three types: "starting with letters G, D and C", and vehicles are divided into CRH and CR series.

At present, the high-speed railway in China is limited to the national railway line. Although the design speed of Shanghai maglev track line is 430km/h, which exceeds the railway speed standard of any country, it does not belong to the category of conventional high-speed railway because it has no national railway nature and is neither managed by the national railway department nor connected with the national railway network.