Tangya Tusi City is located in Jianshan Township (now Tangya Town), Xianfeng County, Enshi Tujia Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province. Backed by Xuanwu Mountain, facing Tangya River. The main remains date from the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty (17th century-18th century), covering an area of about 80 hectares, belonging to the Tusi Society of Tujia Tang Yaqin.
Tusi city ruins include city sites, tombs and peripheral facilities. Urban ruins are the main part of the ruins, located in a relatively gentle area near the river in the east of the ruins. The remains of tombs and surrounding facilities are distributed in the west of the city site and in the mountains around the city site.
The types of Tusi City ruins in Tang Ya include city defense facilities (city walls, city gates, etc.). ), transportation facilities (roads, bridges, docks, etc. ), architectural sites, tombs, gardens, handicraft sites (quarries) and other types. The unearthed cultural relics mainly include porcelain, seals and masonry components. Among them, blue and white porcelain pieces and stone building components are the main ones. Its archaeological dating is mainly concentrated in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and there are many inscriptions on the chronology, which is consistent with the historical records that Mrs. Tian concentrated on building cities during the Ming and Chongzhen years (1622- 1644). The well-preserved and orderly road and courtyard system in the city presents the characteristics of centralized planning and construction of the main body outside the city.
Tangya Tusi City is a typical example of Tusi system and a precious cultural relic of cultural exchange and integration between Tujia and Han.
In 2006, it was announced by the State Council as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
On July 20 15, it was successfully listed in the World Heritage List at the 39th meeting of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in Bonn, Germany.
Second, the main remains
(a) the city wall
There are city walls (also called outer city walls) on the east, north and south of Tangya Tusi City, and inner city walls are also built on the north and northeast. The city wall is made of natural stone with a little processing, and now most of it is visible and well preserved above 1 meter. Among them, the riverside side is the best preserved, up to 2.5 meters, and the existing city wall base is 3.2 meters wide.
At the east gate of the city, the original foundation wall of the tower is much larger than the width of the city wall, and the remaining width is about 6 meters to 7 meters. It can be clearly seen that it is the foundation of the city gate building, and the remaining length of the east wall is150m.
(2) streets and lanes
Today, the streets and alleys in the city are still clearly visible. It consists of 36 courtyards with three streets and eighteen lanes, and is divided into upper, middle and lower streets in an irregular shape, with a total length of 880 meters. Centered on the stone archway, it is called Middle Street. The street surfaces are all paved with bluestone. The stone is 2 meters long and 0.3 meters wide and is horizontally inlaid along the street. The street surface is wide and tidy. Down from the big yamen, called the street; On the small yamen, down the street. 36 roads are still paved with stones, connecting streets and terrain and extending in all directions. Among them, there are "one horizontal", "two horizontal" and "three horizontal" between the street and the south city wall in turn.
(3) Stone archway
The archway of "Xiongzhen in the south of Beijing" was built in the fourth year of Ming Dynasty (1624), which was erected by the Ming court in recognition of the meritorious service of Tusi Qin Ding. It is the most iconic architectural relic in the ruins of Tusi City in Tangya, and it is the beginning of buildings in Shu Ya. The front stone steps are vertically connected with the middle gate. The archway is a sandstone-like wooden structure with a total height of 7.15m and a width of 8.4m.. It has three bays, and there are 2.5-meter-high drum-hugging stones and stone lions (only one left) in front of and behind the four stone pillars. On both sides of the banner, the characters "Xiongzhen in South Beijing" and "Pinghan in Chu and Shu" are written respectively. There are notes before and after, recording the reason and time of the construction of the archway. In the middle, there are the themes of "the land king makes a patrol" and "what's the trouble at sea", and on both sides, there are patterns such as "fishing and plowing the fields", "seeing off the children in Huaiyin" and Kirin and Longfeng. Most of these themes are taken from Korea, but there are also local adaptations; There is also a "trip to the king of the earth" that directly reflects the life of the toast, which is the product of the combination of Chinese and Turkish arts.
(4) Zhang
The site of Zhang is located on an artificial platform in the northeast of the site of Tusi City in Tangya, named after the temple mainly commemorates the famous Zhang Fei of the Three Kingdoms. Zhang has three courtyards, with a gate in front, a horse hall in the middle and a worship hall in the back. Existing stone fences and architectural sites in temples have not been excavated. In addition to scattered building components, there are a pair of stone men and horses in the temple to prepare their legs for walking. In front of them, there are two stone men, both dressed as soldiers, waiting for them immediately. This horse is carved from a whole piece of sand and stone, magnificent and lifelike. The stone horse on the left side is 2.38m high, 0.7m wide on the back and 2.8m long. Horses are carved with saddles, pedals, reins and reins, which are clear and obvious. The reins are engraved with small print: "In the year of Wanli Xinhai (A.D. 16 1 1), the fourth day of the season and summer was auspicious, and Mrs. Qin was officially sealed by Tian Li." The stone man is 1.9 meters tall, dressed in armor and carrying a sword and umbrella, waiting for him immediately. On the left, the stone horse is 2.08 meters high and 2.8 meters long. On the reins, there are small words: "On the 24th of Wanli Xinhai Summer Month, Dan Liang, the cave owner Qin Jie and Gong Qin Wenzhong stood upright". The stone man's head has been destroyed, with a residual height of 1.6 meters. He is wearing armor and waiting for orders. The distance between two horses is 4.8 meters. The characteristics of horses, like the appearance of southern horses, are fat and not tall.
(5) Tusi tombs
On the high slope in the northeast corner of the city site, there are two Ming Tombs side by side, one is the tomb of Tuwang and the other is the tomb of Mrs. Tian, with a total area of 400 square meters. The earth seal of the tomb of Tuwang is well preserved, and the stone chamber of the tomb is magnificent. This room is made of drilled sandstone. The front view is a three-story double-eaved building with imitation wood structure, which is 7 meters long. The roof is decorated with carved tiles, the top is decorated with carved dragon heads, the arch under the eaves is obvious, and five pillars form four burial chambers. The colonnade is rectangular, with a width of 0.45 and a thickness of 0.6 meters. The width between columns is 1 to 1. 1 m. The corridor spacing is 1.85m and the height is 2m. The top of the gallery is carved with a circular algae well. It is divided into four burial chambers, with eight stone doors in front. The door is 1.65 m high, 0. 1 m thick and 0.67 m wide, and the door is carved with a grid. The tomb is composed of a whole sandstone, 3 meters long and 1.5 meters high. The width of the two middle chambers is1.3m, and the width of the side chambers is1.25m.. Each has a sarcophagus bed, 2.7 meters long and 0.9 meters wide. There is a niche in the back, 0.5 meters high from the coffin bed. The niche is 0.5m high, 0.4m wide and 0. 15m deep. The rooms are separated by a whole stone about 0.15m thick. The small lattice window carved by China is 0.58m wide and 0.9m high. The windows are engraved with money patterns, which can face each other. The ceiling is carved with algae wells and decorated with flowers. In front of the tomb is a figure-of-eight altar, with a small beast on the front and unicorns carved on both sides, about 1 m high. The whole tomb is made of stone, which is very beautiful. Its architectural pattern and decoration is indeed a masterpiece of Tusi culture, which well represents the technical level of stone carving in this period.
Mrs. Tian's tomb is on the left side of the toast cemetery, and the soil is well preserved. There are stone tablets and stone arches in front of the tomb. The monument is 0.97m wide,1.9m high and the base is 0.45m high. There are several patterns on the stage. On the surface of the tablet, there is the tomb of Mrs. Tan Taitai, a strategist, with the sequence of "filial piety, official to Yin Zongyao" and the title of "Emperor Chongzhen, year old, Xia Li". There is a low and flat stone archway in front of the tomb, which is simple in shape and has no carved patterns. The archway is made of stone, with a height of 3.5m, a side height of 2.5m, a middle door width of 2.05m and a side door width of1.4m.. Drum-shaped stone pillars are used on both sides of the archway, and the top is square with stones, which are tenon-jointed.
That's the tomb of General Qin Ding. Near Qin Ding's tomb, there are five general cemeteries of the same period, type and grade, most of which have no inscriptions. There are many graves in different patterns in the jungle on Xuanwu Mountain behind Sicheng. It can be concluded that this area is the family cemetery of Qin.
(6) Cultural relics
The cultural relics seen in Tusi City mainly include gold wares, porcelains, seals and masonry building components, among which blue and white porcelain pieces and stone building components are the main ones.
The first category is porcelain fragments, which were unearthed in Xiang Jie and Shu Ya. From the Ming Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty (Chenghua, Xuande, Wanli and Jingdezhen seal in the Ming Dynasty), porcelain pieces were distributed continuously, and the quality of porcelain pieces in Shu Ya was high.
The second category is brick building components, unearthed in Shu Ya area, including Chinese dripping water, tiles, tiles and so on. , with lotus flowers, fish scales and other patterns.
The third category is the toast seal, including two toast seals and an official seal in Yongning, Sichuan. The seals are all made of copper, and the toast seals, one large and one small, are all "common lawsuit seals". The large weight is1100g, and there is no year and month title. The small one, weighing 650g, was printed in A.D. 1674, belonging to the southwest Wu Sangui regime that opposed the imperial court in the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi. In addition, the official seal of Yongning, Sichuan Province was obtained by Tangya Tusi's participation in the court's counter-insurgency. In addition, in the town of Huolongping, which is under the jurisdiction of the regular lawsuit, a "Tang Yachang's lawsuit Qin Guan engraved chapter" was unearthed.
Address: Xianfeng County, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Type: Monument
Playing time: suggested 1 hour.
Opening hours: open all day.
Source: Hubei Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics.
Tangya Town: Tangya Town is located in the middle and west of Xianfeng County in the southwest of Hubei Province. Zhenji Town is located on the Tangya River, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Tangya Town, 28 kilometers away from the county seat. It borders Gaoleshan Town and Qingping Town in Xianfeng County in the east, Chaoyangsi Town and small towns in the south, Huolongping Town in the north and northwest, Daluba District and Tang Zhong Town in Qianjiang District in Chongqing in the southwest. It is located at10841'36 "-10848' 06" east longitude, 29 24' 24 "-29 38' 54" north latitude, 30km east-west and 28km north-south.