Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation in a year, which reflects the most typical customs and culture of a place. The Spring Festival is approaching. In order to fully reflect the colorful and evocative holiday customs and habits in various parts of Hainan during the Spring Festival, Southern Metropolis Daily reporters are divided into five ways, so that readers can deeply understand the Chinese New Year customs in different regions of East, West, South, North and Central China, deeply understand the rich local culture of Hainan Province, and taste the rich flavor of the year-
Haikou countryside-picking houses, surrounding stoves and eating vegetarian dishes
Haikou countryside. Picking houses, in short, means cleaning at home. Generally, the dust, cobwebs and other dirt accumulated on the roof, eaves and walls should be cleaned with a large broom made of bamboo branches and leaves. In addition to cleaning the dust and dirt of houses, it also includes cleaning furniture, clothes and quilts. This custom is very particular in the countryside of Haikou, which has been passed down from generation to generation.
New Year's Eve is always the highlight of the Chinese New Year, and the villages in Haikou are no exception. Traditionally, Haikou people call the New Year's Eve dinner "eating around the stove". The whole family is surrounded by a stove, with a pot on the stove, and the family is surrounded by eating. Chicken is essential, as well as our local famous food-milk sheep. Boil the pot of soup, put the chopped meat and vegetables in the soup with chopsticks, and you can eat it when it is cooked. Dip it in seasoning and it tastes delicious.
eat "rice with vegetables". In some villages, eating "rice with vegetables" is also one of the important customs. Chen Hai, a villager in Ziluo Village, dongshan town, said that it is a long-standing custom to eat "rice with vegetables" on New Year's Eve in their hometown. The so-called vegetable rice is to mix meat, vegetables and rice, wrap them in leaves and hold them in your hands to eat. According to Chen Hai, the production of cabbage rice is still very troublesome. The first thing is to cook dry rice; Secondly, wash and dry the rape for rice; Prepare some garlic, leeks, lean meat, chicken, dried shrimps or sausages. When these raw materials are ready, stir-fry the vegetables and meat first, then stir-fry the rice with garlic and shrimp, and pour the vegetables and meat into the rice and mix well. Finally, beat the rice into the vegetable leaves while it is hot, and hold it in a ball with your hands. Eating vegetables and rice means reunion.
eat vegetarian food. On New Year's Day, eating "Zhai" is also a traditional custom among Haikou people. Zhai Cai Bao is a traditional dish of Haikou people, and its biggest feature is that it does not use animal raw materials. The production method of Haikou vegetarian food pot is very particular. First, dried vegetables such as yuba, vermicelli, day lily, mushrooms and black fungus are soaked and rinsed, soaked in boiling water, filtered and dried, then stir-fried with hot oil respectively, and simmered for later use. Wash and cut black bean sprouts, beets, cress, etc. respectively, stir-fry and add half flavor; Cut the dried bean curd into long strips, fry it in hot oil until it is yellow, and then add seasoning until it is half-flavored. Then, heat the pan. When the oil is hot, put all the ingredients in, add clear water, add some soy sauce, monosodium glutamate and sesame oil, and cook thoroughly with slow fire. Then put the cooked vegetarian dishes into a casserole at intervals according to the color of the raw materials, and cook them with medium heat to serve.
fasting on the first day of school means not killing anything next year. Nowadays, this custom has been preserved to a great extent. In the eyes of many people, fasting on the first day of the lunar new year is beneficial to health by adjusting the diet structure of the Chinese New Year.
after the new year's day, the rest of the process is to visit relatives and friends. Lunar New Year's Day is usually the day when married daughters and son-in-law go back to their parents' homes to visit relatives. When you go back to your parents' home to visit relatives, you usually bring two kinds of gifts, rice cakes and oranges. Rice cake, also known as sweet rice cake or rice cake basket in some villages of Haikou. It is made of glutinous rice powder and black sugar and stirred into syrup, which is poured into a bamboo basket and steamed in a pot. Traditionally, villagers used to wrap rice cakes with a piece of red paper, which meant great success. The word "orange" of an orange is homophonic with the word "auspicious", so giving an orange also means giving good luck.
With the development of society, the customs of the Spring Festival in Haikou village have been given some new contents while inheriting these customs. For example, during the Spring Festival in many places, in addition to some traditional customs, some old people meet to play chess together, while young people hold tug-of-war, volleyball, lion dance and other cultural activities together.
Lantern Festival in Wenchang is a traditional rural project. After the third day of the New Year's Eve, "Lantern Festival" was started in various towns and villages according to different auspicious days. On this day, every family kills chickens and sheep, cooks a lot of traditional food, holds a big banquet, and invites friends and relatives from all walks of life to be guests at home.
The villagers are holding lanterns (72 characters of "happiness" and 36 characters of "longevity" can be seen in the lanterns. On the front of the lamp, auspicious words such as "making money into treasure" and "giving birth to precious children" are printed, or landscapes of people who miss the past). A "lantern master" leads a procession along the village, beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers, and then goes to the public temple not far from the village. As soon as the lamp is hung, people flock to grab the flower-picking lamp.
There is still some emphasis on the emergence of the "Lantern Master". Because "Lantern" is homophonic with the "Ding" of the population, people associate "Lantern" with "Ding", which means that giving lanterns means prosperity. Therefore, the "Lantern Master" is based on the fact that there are boys in the village and villagers with prosperous family scenes take turns. Mainly responsible for the preparation of funds, contact acting, dancing, offering sacrifices to the public, sending public lanterns and other matters. And the people who take part in the lantern delivery must be families with boys to have the right to send lanterns.
In the process of delivering lanterns, we will perform activities such as cup dancing, puppet red and Joan opera.
Lantern Festival in Wenchang is a traditional rural project. After the third day of the New Year's Eve, "Lantern Festival" was started in various towns and villages according to different auspicious days. On this day, every family kills chickens and sheep, cooks a lot of traditional food, holds a big banquet, and invites friends and relatives from all walks of life to be guests at home.
The villagers are holding lanterns (72 characters of "happiness" and 36 characters of "longevity" can be seen in the lanterns. On the front of the lamp, auspicious words such as "making money into treasure" and "giving birth to precious children" are printed, or landscapes of people who miss the past). A "lantern master" leads a procession along the village, beating gongs and drums and setting off firecrackers, and then goes to the public temple not far from the village. As soon as the lamp is hung, people flock to grab the flower-picking lamp.
There is still some emphasis on the emergence of the "Lantern Master". Because "Lantern" is homophonic with the "Ding" of the population, people associate "Lantern" with "Ding", which means that giving lanterns means prosperity. Therefore, the "Lantern Master" is based on the fact that there are boys in the village and villagers with prosperous family scenes take turns. Mainly responsible for the preparation of funds, contact acting, dancing, offering sacrifices to the public, sending public lanterns and other matters. And the people who take part in the lantern delivery must be families with boys to have the right to send lanterns.
In the process of delivering lanterns, we will perform activities such as cup dancing, puppet red and Joan opera.
Danzhou has been called "Bo 'er" since ancient times. It has a long history, simple folk customs and rich customs.
Yangpu belonged to Danzhou before the establishment of Hainan Province in 1988. Its customs also inherited Danzhou customs. Now, a brief summary of Chinese New Year customs is as follows, to share with your inland friends:
Before the 29th of the Lunar New Year: get ready for Chinese New Year; Sweep the courtyard and tidy up the household things; Posting couplets (Danzhou is known as the "hometown of poetry and the sea of songs", Danzhou people can sing and write couplets, and there are many people who write their own books on holidays);
On the afternoon of the 3th of New Year's Day: (There are two things to do)
1. Worship ancestors: worship the ancestors of our ancestors first, and then worship the ancestors of our ancestral temple; Sacrificial offerings are: fruits, vegetables, fish, pork, whole chicken, home-cooked dishes, water, rice, white wine, and white lime dipped in the leaves (these offerings mean "fish and meat", which means that you are rich in the old age); When worshipping, you should read your ancestors' honorifics first, then wish them blessings, then pour wine into a cup, burn newspapers (yellow candle paper), light firecrackers, and bow and bow.
2. Have a reunion dinner: On this day, the whole family gathers at home, so it is not appropriate to go out and it is forbidden to visit relatives. The family reminisced and had a reunion dinner together. From 7: pm to 9: pm, it is "lighting up" ("lighting up" lasts from this day to the 16th of New Year's Day), and the man in the family should be in charge of this matter. Change the water and rice offered by one's ancestors, put fruits (or vertically cut blue sugar cane in half, and put the sections in a "well" shape on bowls on both sides of the stage), light candles and burn incense (a pair of red candles, three big incense sticks and six small incense sticks), and burn newspapers (yellow candle paper) to sound whips; From 1: to 11: at night, the villagers gathered in the ancestral hall to wait for the gods. This ceremony was very grand. First, incense was burned and gongs and drums were played. "Mr." read the sacrificial manuscript and invited the gods to come down to the village and then burn newspapers and sound whips. At 12 o'clock midnight, every household is most blessed to burn incense and whip on time at home, and the ceremony of burning incense is like the process of "lighting the lamp";
New Year's Day: At 1: a.m., gather the villagers in the ancestral hall for the ceremony of "opening the order". This ceremony is very important. Because, you can only go out of the village after the "opening order", otherwise it will be unfavorable. Over the years, this custom has still prevailed among the people. "Opening orders" need to ask "comrades" (the "spokesmen" of immortal wood carvings and ancestral statues in ancestral temples, because in customs, gods can't talk to each other, so they can only rely on a male who is trusted and possessed by the gods to give immortal instructions, clear away all the ways and ward off evil spirits; After the "opening order", you can visit the door.
New Year's Day: a friendly visit from relatives in the same village;
From the third day to the sixteenth day of the New Year's Day, it is a time for "Happy New Year". The New Year greetings in Danzhou are different from those in the north. In order to meet good guests, properly arrange the visit time, and set the visit time according to local customs. As follows:
New Year's Eve: Xia Lan;
Lunar New Year's Eve: xipu and Ganchong (Juran, East, Lingao, South, etc.);
Lunar New Year's Day: Xinyingwan area (Wushan, Yantian, etc.)
Lunar New Year's Day: Yangpu Village;
New Year's Eve: Baimajing;
During the Chinese New Year, villages will spontaneously organize some folk activities with local characteristics, such as tune-tuning, lion race, dragon dance, boat race, ball game, etc., which are popular among the people.
sanya-making new year's cakes on new year's eve and buying firecrackers in the new year's greetings
sanya is located in a minority area, and its annual customs not only inherit the traditional customs, but also incorporate many characteristic elements.
make brown sugar rice cakes on new year's eve. Speaking of Chinese New Year, many cities and counties in Hainan have the custom of making rice cakes, and Sanya is no exception, but the brown sugar rice cakes in Sanya are a must among many rice cakes.
The main material of Sanya brown sugar rice cake is glutinous rice flour. First, put the glutinous rice flour into a basin and mix it with water, then mix it with coconut powder, peanuts, etc. Then mix the finely divided brown sugar into water to melt, add it into the basin and stir vigorously until the mixture becomes a uniform paste. Then put it in a pot and steam it for a few hours. The steamed rice cake is very elastic, the color is sauce red, it tastes like soft candy and tastes excellent.
In the past, brown sugar rice cakes were only eaten during the Chinese New Year, and every household would set up a pot in front of the door for cooking on New Year's Eve. Now that life is good, you can also buy brown sugar rice cakes that you can only eat in the past Chinese New Year, but everyone will still make an atmosphere of feeling the New Year by hand every Chinese New Year.
Children must buy firecrackers during the New Year. On the second day of New Year's Day, a married woman returns to her parents' home to pay New Year's greetings. On this day, her husband must accompany her to bring gifts to her parents' home to pay New Year's greetings. No matter whether she brings supplements or snacks, one of the gifts she brings must be firecrackers.
It is understood that in Sanya, an uncle must buy a set of firecrackers to accompany his wife to visit her family on the second day of the Lunar New Year. This has been a custom for many years. Every year, you must prepare firecrackers when you accompany your wife back to your home to pay New Year greetings. When you come to your parents' door, you can give them to other relatives. Only after the firecrackers are released can you go in to pay New Year greetings to the elderly and other relatives. Bringing firecrackers to my father-in-law's and mother-in-law's house to pay New Year's greetings is not only a courtesy need, but also a wish to the elders and other relatives
Ling Shui-receiving incense, moving new year's goods and paying New Year's greetings with betel nuts
On New Year's Eve, when the New Year bell strikes, the most important male in the family will respectfully place a few incense sticks. According to local old people, according to legend, from 12 o'clock on the New Year's Eve to dawn on the New Year's Day, this period of time represents auspicious fairy meetings coming to the world one after another, bringing auspiciousness and wealth to people. These incense are used to greet immortals. Another very important task of the male who is in charge of lighting incense is to "receive incense". From 12 o'clock on New Year's Eve to the fifth day of New Year's Eve, the incense at home must last forever. Because in the idea of Lingshui people, the continuation of incense also represents the prosperity of this family's descendants.
"moving new year's goods". Many places in Hainan have a vegetarian meal on the morning of New Year's Day, and Lingshui has the same custom. But what is different from other places is that Lingshui people have given vegetarian food a new meaning. In Lingshui, people call vegetarian food "moving new year's goods". In the early morning of New Year's Day, hardworking housewives began to be busy for "moving new year's goods". Flammulina velutipes, vermicelli, eggplant, yuba and other vegetarian materials have been cooked by housewives skillfully, adding a warm aroma to the morning. When the whole family gets up, they sit around, each with a bowl of rice and eating delicious vegetarian food together. Adults will always ask their children to "eat more" and "move" all kinds of rich "new year's goods" into their stomachs. This year, they will be rich in financial resources and rich in life.
celebrate the New Year with betel nuts. Lingshui people love eat areca, and betel nut has a special meaning in Lingshui people's hearts, especially on an important day like the Spring Festival. Before the Chinese New Year, every family in Lingshui will prepare many betel nuts. Cut betel nut into four petals, and then coat a special leaf (commonly known as betel leaf) made in eat areca with some special sauce and fold it into a small triangle. On New Year's Day, when it's time to pay New Year greetings to the elders, it's good to "act" with a handful of betel nuts. Every time I meet an elder, the younger generation will take out two small betel nuts with a "small triangle" and put them in the palm of their hands, then hold them in both hands and respectfully hand them over while saying "Happy New Year". The elder took the betel nut with a smile, which means accepting the most sincere blessing from the younger generation.
the Li nationality in Wuzhishan-sealing rice jar, washing face with fresh water and filling cattle wine
When it comes to central Hainan, it is natural to think of the Li nationality compatriots in Wuzhishan and under Wuzhishan. The festival custom of Li nationality is one of the most important contents in Wuzhishan annual custom. What contents and characteristics does it include? A few days ago, our reporter interviewed Huang Xuekui, former deputy director of the Provincial Museum for Nationalities.
Huang xuekui, a Li nationality, has worked in the provincial national museum (located in Wuzhishan) for 2 years, and has been engaged in Hainan national culture and other related special topics. Huang Xuekui said that Li people attach great importance to the Spring Festival and have a unique annual custom:
sealing rice jars. The rice jar sealing ceremony is a prelude to the Spring Festival. In the middle of December of the lunar calendar, the hostess of every household in the village held a ceremony to seal the rice jar. The method was to choose an odd number of auspicious nights, and after the rooster crowed three times in the middle of the night, she filled her special rice jar, and then sealed the jar mouth with a piece of red paper and tied it tightly. On the fifteenth day of the first month, a ceremony was held to uncover the jar, and rice in the jar was used to cook for the whole family.
making glutinous rice cakes for the Spring Festival. On the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month, every household will make glutinous rice cakes for the Spring Festival. That is, the soaked Shanlan glutinous rice is steamed in a steamer, put in a wooden mortar and smashed, and then kneaded into a cake. There are two kinds of glutinous rice cakes made during the Spring Festival: one is a common round cake with the size of a bowl, which is mainly used during the Spring Festival.
wash your face with fresh water. In the early morning of the first day of the first month, every household should dump the water in their own tanks, and then fill the tanks with water from the wells, which is called "new water". Then use this water to heat up for the whole family to wash their faces, which is called "new water to wash their faces" and pray for bright eyes and smooth work in the New Year.
fill the cows with wine. This is the traditional custom of the Li nationality. On the morning of New Year's Day, every household should