Su Shi (January 8, 1037 - August 24, 1101), also known as Zizhan and Hezhong, was also known as "Dongpo Jushi", and the world called him "Su Dongpo". Han nationality, a native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan, Meishan City in the Northern Song Dynasty), and his ancestral home is Luancheng. He was a famous writer, calligrapher, painter, lyricist, poet, and gourmet in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was one of the eight great writers of the Tang and Song Dynasties and a representative of the Bold and Unconstrained poets. His poems, poems, poems, and prose are all of high achievement. He is also good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of Chinese literature and art. He is also recognized as one of the most outstanding people in the history of China's thousands of years of literature and art. His prose is called Ou Su together with Ouyang Xiu; his poems are called Su Huang together with Huang Tingjian; his poetry is called Su Xin together with Xin Qiji; his calligraphy is listed as one of the four major calligraphers of the Northern Song Dynasty: "Su, Huang, Mi, and Cai"; his paintings are pioneers. Huzhou School of Painting.

His father Su Xun is the "Su Laoquan" mentioned in the "Three Character Classic" who "begins to get angry at the age of twenty-seven". Although Su Xun worked hard late, he worked very hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled studying with his father when he was young, and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's diligent study, it would have been impossible for Su Shi to receive a good tutor at a young age, let alone "study the classics and history, and write thousands of words a day" when he was still young, and it would be even less possible for him to have a literary career in the future. Achievement. In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi, who was twenty-one years old, left Sichuan for the first time and went to Beijing to take part in the imperial examination. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu with his essay "On the Perfection of Honesty in Punishments and Rewards." However, because Ouyang Xiu mistakenly believed that it was written by his disciple Zeng Gong, he had to take second place in order to avoid suspicion. In the sixth year of Jiayou's reign (1061), Su Shi took the high school examination, which is commonly known as the "Three Years of Beijing Examination", and entered the third class, becoming the "No. 1 in a century". He was awarded the title of judge of Dali and Fengxiang Prefecture. Later, when his father died of illness in Bianjing, Ding You returned home to support the funeral. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the court after completing his service and was still granted his post. When he entered the court as an official, it was when the political crisis began to appear in the Northern Song Dynasty. Behind the prosperity was a crisis. At this time, Shenzong came to the throne and appointed Wang Anshi to support the reform. Many of Su Shi's mentors, including Ouyang Xiu, his mentor who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing due to political disagreements with the new prime minister Wang Anshi on the implementation of the new law. The old rain in the government and the fields has withered, and what Su Shi sees in his eyes is no longer the "peaceful world" he saw when he was twenty. On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm caused by the new law to ordinary people, and because of his conservative political ideology, he disagreed with Wang Anshi's approach. He believed that the new law was not convenient for the people, so he wrote a letter to oppose it. One result of this was that, like his mentors and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not tolerated by the court. So Su Shi asked to be released to the outside world and was transferred to Hangzhou Tongpan. From then on, Su Shi had some misunderstandings about Wang Anshi and other reformists throughout his life. Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term was completed, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places as magistrate.

His outstanding political achievements and won the hearts of the people. Su Shi

This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi encountered the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss in the name of satirizing the new law. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), less than three months after Su Shi arrived in Huzhou, he was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems that satirized the new law and weaving "writings that slandered the emperor and prime minister". This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history. ". Su Shi spent 103 days in prison and was on the verge of being beheaded several times. Fortunately, the Northern Song Dynasty made a national policy not to kill scholar-bureaucrats during the reign of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, so Su Shi escaped the disaster. After being released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian (equivalent to the deputy captain of the modern civil self-defense forces). This position was quite humble and had no real power. At this time, Su Shi had become discouraged after this battle. In his spare time, he led his family to reclaim a piece of slope land in the east of the city and farm to help make ends meet. It was at this time that he came up with the nickname "Dongpo Jushi". In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), the seventh year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou to take office. Due to the long journey and exhaustion from the journey, Su Shi's infant died unfortunately. The road to Ruzhou was far away, and the travel expenses had been exhausted. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, but to live in Changzhou first, which was later approved. When he was about to return south to Changzhou, Shenzong died. The young Zhezong ascended the throne, Empress Dowager Gao took over the government, the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed, and Sima Guang was re-appointed as prime minister. Su Shi was summoned back to the court that year as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites. In the first half of the morning, he was promoted to Jusheren. Three months later, he was promoted to Zhongshusheren. Soon after, he was promoted to Hanlin scholar Zhizhigao (the secretary who drafted imperial edicts for the emperor). When Su Shi saw that the emerging forces were desperately suppressing the figures in Wang Anshi's group and abolishing the new laws, he believed that they were just the same as the so-called "royal party" and once again made suggestions to the emperor. Su Shi could neither be tolerated by the new party nor forgiven by the old party, so he once again asked for external support. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou to serve as the governor after an absence of sixteen years. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredging the West Lake and using the excavated mud to build a dam next to the West Lake, which is also the famous "Su Causeway". Su Shi lived very comfortably in Hangzhou, comparing himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091), he was recalled to the court. But soon he was sent to Yingzhou because of political differences. In the eighth year of Yuanyou (1093), the new party came back to power and was demoted to Huiyang (now Huizhou City, Guangdong) again. Later, Su Shi was demoted further to Danzhou (now Hainan). It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishment to Hainan was a punishment only slightly lighter than the crime of execution.

After Huizong came to the throne, he transferred Lianzhou resettlement, Shuzhou Tuanlian deputy envoy, and Yongzhou resettlement. In the third year of Yuanfu (1101), a general amnesty was granted, and he was reinstated as Chaofeng Lang. On his way back to the north, he died in Changzhou, with his posthumous title of Wenzhong. He died at the age of sixty-six.

Chronology of life

Su Shi was born on December 19th, the third year of Jingyou’s reign, in 1036. He married Wang Fu in 1054. In 1057, he became a high school scholar at the age of 21. His mother died and he was filial piety (1057.4~ 1059.6) In 1059, the family went to Kyoto. In 1061, Su Shi took the high school examination and entered the third class. In 1061, he was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang Prefecture. The first year of Yingzong's Zhiping - the fourth year (1064-1068). In 1064, he served in the History Museum. In 1065, his wife died. In 1066, his father died; he served as a mourner (1066.4-1068.7). (1068～1086) Married Wang Runzhi (Wang Fuzhi's cousin) in 1068. Returned to Beijing in 1069; worked in the History Museum in 1071, and was appointed as the Superintendent; in 1074, he was appointed as the general magistrate of Hangzhou. In 1074, he was appointed as the prefect of Mizhou at the age of 38. In 1076, at the age of 40, he was appointed as the prefect of Xuzhou in 1079. At the age of 43, he was appointed as the prefect of Huzhou; he was imprisoned in 1080 and was exiled to Huangzhou. He served as the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian in 1084 and went to Changzhou in 1085. He went to Dengzhou in 1085; he was appointed as the prefect of Dengzhou; The Empress Dowager was in power (1085～1093). In 1086, she became a Imperial Academy scholar. In 1089, she was appointed Governor of Hangzhou and Commander of the Western Zhejiang Military Region. In 1091, she was appointed Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. She went to Kyoto and was appointed Governor of Yingzhou. In 1092, she was appointed Governor of Yangzhou. She was appointed Minister of the Ministry of War and Minister of Rites in 1093. His wife died; the Queen Mother passed away; he was transferred to the prefect of Dingzhou; the commander of the Hebei Military Region was demoted to Huizhou in 1094; he was exiled to Huizhou and went to Hainan in 1097; he was exiled to Danzhou in Hainan. Changzhou; died on July 28, the first year of Jingguo's reign, at the age of 66. In 1102, that is, in June of the first year of Chongning, he was buried in Shangruili, Diaotai Township, Jiacheng, Ruzhou.

Selected poems and poems by Su Shi: 1 "Red Cliff Ode" 2 "Later Red Cliff Ode" 3 "Shizhong Mountain Chronicles" 4 "Leaving Yingkou and Seeing Huaishan Mountain for the First Time, Arriving in Shouzhou That Day" 5 "Spring Night" 6 "Begonia" 7 "Hezi nostalgic from Mianchi" 8 "Hezi comes out for an outing" 9 "Flower Shadow" 10 "Hui Chong's Evening Scene on the Spring River" (This poem was written by the author Su Shi when he watched Hui Chong's painting "Evening Scene on the Spring River") 11 "Tour on December Day" Visiting Two Monks Huiqin and Huisi in Gushan" 12 "Drunk Book at Wanghu Tower on June 27th" 13 "March 29th" 14 "Fanquet at Shangyuan" 15 "Shi Cangshu Drunken Mo Hall" 16 "Book Autumn Scene Painted by Li Shinan" 17 "Inscription on Jinshan Temple" 18 "Inscription on the West Forest Wall" 19 "Evening View of Wanghai Tower" 20 "Book Wall of Beitai after Snow" 21 "Drinking on the Lake at First Sunny and Later Rain" 22 "Heavy Rain in Youmeitang" 23 "Dwelling in Ding To the east of Huiyuan, there is a begonia on the mountain full of miscellaneous flowers. The natives do not know how valuable it is." 24 "To Liu Jingwen" 25 "Going to Qiting on the 20th of the first lunar month, three people from the county, Pan, Gu and Guo, gave Yu the queen's east Zen villa in the city. " 26 " On the 20th of the first lunar month, I went out to the suburbs with Pan Guo Ersheng to find spring. I suddenly remembered that on the same day last year, I went to the Queen's City to compose poems and preface rhymes. "Moon Hangs Tung Trees")" 29 "Die Lian Hua (the flowers have faded to red, green and apricots are small)" 30 "Die Lian Hua (remember the first meeting on the painting screen)" 31 "Die Lian Hua (Shan Yuan, Mizhou)" 32 "Ding Feng Bo" (I often envy the jade man in the world)" 33 "Ding Feng Bo (Don't listen to the sound of beating leaves through the forest)" 34 "Water Dragon Yin·Ci Yun Zhang Zhihu Yang Hua Ci" 35 "Dong Xian Song (Bing Muscle and Jade Bone)" 36 " Song of the Cave Immortal (Jiangnan Lajie)" 37 "Congratulations to the Bridegroom (Breast Swallows Flying to the Huawu House)" 38 "Huanxi Sand (Covered with Green Wheat Before Sustain)" 39 "Huanxi Sand (Painted Falcon Crossing the River Happy to Visit Again)" 40 "Huanxi Sand (Mountain 41 "Huanxi Sha (the orchid buds at the foot of the mountain are soaked in the stream)" 42 "Huanxi Sha (sending Mei Ting to attend the party school)" 43 "Huanxi Sha (the drizzle and the slanting wind make it slightly cold)" 44 "Huanxi Sha (Meaning)" 45 "Huanxi Sand (the sun shines deep red and warms the fish)" 46 "Reduced word Magnolia (spring moon)" 47 "Reduced word Magnolia (empty bed echoes the carving)" 48 "Jiang Chengzi (Cui'e is shy)" 49 "Jiang Chengzi (the same poem as Zhang Xian on the lake)" 50 "Jiang Chengzi·Hunting in Mizhou (I talked about being a teenager)" 51 "Jiang Chengzi (Wandering in the End of the World and Thinking of Endless Thoughts)" 52 "Jiang Chengzi·Yimao" Dreams recorded on the night of the 20th day of the first lunar month (Ten years of life and death are boundless)" 53 "Linjiang Immortal (Drinking at Dongpo at night and woke up drunk again)" 54 "Manjianghong (Jianghan comes from the west)" 55 "Manjianghong (Qing Ying flows eastwards)" 56 " Man Ting Fang (thirty-three years)" 57 "Magnolia Flower Order (The Rhyme of West Lake by Second Ou Gong)" 58 "Nan Gezi (The Rain is Dark and the First Suspicious Night)" 59 "Nan Xiangzi (The Frozen Birds Fill the Fence)" 60 " "Nanxiangzi (Cooking with Liangjian and Bisha Kitchen)" 61 "Nanxiangzi (Collection of Traces of Frost and Precipitation)" 62 "Nanxiangzi (Song of the Past)" 63 "Niannujiao (Reminiscence of the Ancients at Red Cliff)" 64 "Qinyuanchun (Gu Guan)" Deng Qing)" 65 "Qinyuanchun (Love is like a chain)" 66 "The Green Jade Case (Three Years' Pillow on Wuzhong Road)" 67 "Ruan Lang Returns (Early Summer)" 68 "Youth Travel (Sent Off Last Year)" 69 "Shao Bang (Bend for rice)" 70 "Shui Tiao Ge Tou (embroidered curtain roll at sunset)" 71 "Shui Tiao Ge Tou (When will the bright moon come)" 72 "Outing" 73 "Spring in the Jade House" 74 "Night Tour of Chengtian Temple"

Reference: /view/2517.htm#2

Lu You (November 13, 1125 - January 26, 1210) was named Wuguan, also known as Fangweng, Han nationality. A native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). A patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, he is the author of dozens of extant collections such as "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript" and "Weinan Collected Works". He said that he had "thousands of poems in sixty years". More than 9,300 poems are still extant in our country. The poet with the most poems.

Biography

Lu You (AD 1125-AD 1210), with the courtesy name Wuguan and the nickname Fangweng, was a native of Shanyin, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty of my country. Born in 1125 AD, Lu You was eager to learn since he was a child. He was able to write poetry at the age of 12 and became an official. Received a profound patriotism education in the experience of life that was full of chaos. When he was 20 years old, he married Tang Wan, but was forcibly separated by his mother. This kind of emotional pain lasts a lifetime, which is reflected in famous works such as "The Hairpin Phoenix" and "Shen Yuan". In the 23rd year of Shaoxing (AD 1153), he went to Lin'an to take the Jinshi examination and won the first place, while Qin Hui's grandson Qin Xun came second. Qin Hui was furious and wanted to convict the examiner. In the twenty-fourth year (AD 1154), when he took part in the examination of the Ministry of Rites, the examiner once again ranked Lu You before Qin Xun, but he was expelled by Qin Hui. In the twenty-eighth year (AD 1158), Qin Hui died, and Lu You became the chief registrar of Ningde County, Fuzhou. In the thirty-second year (AD 1162), Xiaozong came to the throne. Lu You was good at poetry and familiar with allusions, and was given a Jinshi background. He has successively served as editor of the Privy Council and concurrently as reviewer, general judge, pacifier, counselor, and state magistrate of the Holy Government Office.

In the second year of Chunxi (AD 1175), Fan Chengda suppressed Shu and invited Lu You to serve as a counselor in his palace. In the fifth year of Chunxi (AD 1178), Lu You became famous for his poetry and was summoned by Xiaozong, but he was not really reused. Xiaozong only sent him to Fuzhou and Jiangxi for two terms to promote tea and salt in Changping. In the autumn of the sixth year (AD 1179), Lu You changed his position from being promoted to a tea and salt official in Changping, Fujian Province, to a court official to be promoted to a tea and salt official in Changping, Jiangnan West Road. In December, he took up his post in Fuzhou. On the one hand, he devoted a lot of energy to deal with various disputes and lawsuits caused by the bankruptcy of tea and salt households after the official sale of tea and salt, and they were forced to resort to private trafficking and making troubles to resist; on the other hand, he wrote to the court, advocating severe punishment for unjust officials who violated the law Households collected high taxes on tea and salt, and took the opportunity to collect large amounts of people's wealth and money. In the spring of the seventh year of Chunxi (AD 1180), there was a severe drought in Fuzhou. There were heavy rains in May, and flash floods broke out, destroying large fields and villages. The floods rushed to the gate of Fuzhou City, and the people were starving and destitute. Lu You paid close attention to the development of the disaster and wrote the poem "The good harvest is like burning barnyard grass and the grass is green, and I am so worried that I want to forget life. The nine flutes and Shao music played in the sky, but the sound of rain falling from the empty eaves has not reached the empty eaves". The county distributes millet to the people." Before obtaining the consent of the Southern Song government, he first allocated grain from the charity warehouse to the disaster area for relief to save the victims from hunger. Then he petitioned for the allocation of grain and ordered the local officials in Jiangxi to distribute grain. He also went to Chongren, Fengcheng, Gao'an and other places Inspect the disaster situation. This move was detrimental to the interests of the imperial court, and in November, he was summoned back to Beijing to be on standby. Before leaving, he selected more than 100 prescriptions collected from his official travels and compiled them into "Lu's Continuing Prescriptions" and printed them into a book for the people of Jiangxi to express his dedication to the people. On the way, he was impeached by Zhao Ruyu, who was accused of "exerting power" and was dismissed from his post and returned home. After Lu You had lived idle at home for six years, in the spring of the thirteenth year of Chunxi (AD 1186), he asked the officials to know Yanzhou (now Meicheng Town, Jiande County, Zhejiang Province). The official arrived at Baomo Pavilion to wait for the system, and was granted the title of Weinan Bo in Jin Dynasty. He was later impeached and removed from the title. He was dismissed from his post and returned home on the charge of "exerting power". In the fifteenth year of Chunxi (AD 1188), Lu You completed his term in Yanzhou and resigned from his post and returned to his hometown. Soon, he was called to Lin'an to serve as a military commander. The following year (AD 1189), Guangzong ascended the throne and was appointed as a doctor in the Ministry of Rites of the imperial court. So he wrote a series of memorials to persuade the court to reduce taxes. However, he was impeached and dismissed from office again for "mocking and praising the wind and moon". After that, Lu You lived in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, and passed away on December 29, the second year of Jiading (January 26, 1210 AD).

The poems can be roughly divided into three periods:

The first period is from adolescence to middle age (46 years old). It is the longest period but has the fewest surviving works, about 200 poems. The relationship between deletion and elimination of his early works was due to the “hard work” of painting. The second period is for ages 46-54, with more than 2,400 poems. During this period, as he was deeply involved in military life, his poetic style became bold and magnificent, and his patriotic thoughts were further enhanced. The maturity and richness of poetry creation during this period established his lofty status as a literary master of the generation. In the third period, he lived in seclusion in his hometown until his death. There are 6,500 existing poems. The reason why the number is large is because he did not have time to eliminate them in his later years. During this period, there were more contacts with farmers, coupled with the ups and downs of the officialdom, and his advanced age, so the style changed to a pastoral style with a clear and distant past and a desolate feeling about life. However, even though his poetic style changed three times, his poems are still full of strong patriotic sentiments, which is his greatest feature and the reason why he has been praised throughout the ages. There are also other works that are more plain, elegant, and even bizarre (there are hundreds of poems about dreams in the collection), but they are a minority. "Moon Over the Mountain", "Shu Anger", "Golden Wrong Knife", "Farmer's Sigh", "Huangzhou", "Long Song Xing", etc. are all his representative works. In addition, he is also good at poetry. His delicate and beautiful parts are like Qin Guan's, his strong and fast parts are like Su's, and his super cool parts are more similar to Xin Qiji's. The most famous ones are "Complaining of Heartfelt Love" (In those days, I searched thousands of miles to find a feudal lord) and "Bu Suanzi·Yong Mei". His literary theory was also quite influential. He advocated poetry as a powerful tool to vent people's depression, and advocated nourishing Qi for work. "Shi'er" is the last poem left in his poetry career.

List of Works

"Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", Volume 85, "Weinan Collected Works", Volume 50, "Fang Wengyi Manuscript", Volume 2, "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty", Volume 18, "Notes of Laoxue'an" 》80 volumes etc. Others include: "Fang Weng's Family Instructions", "Old Articles on Family History", etc. "Playing the Flute in the Red Mansion, Drinking and Drunk" Author: Lu You Shiyan said that outside the Kyushu, there is the Great Kyushu. This statement is true and can only tolerate my sorrow. There should also be plenty of wine when I feel sad, and my wine will flow all over the Milky Way. Drink a cup of dendrobium in a glass boat and feast on the twelfth floor of the five cities. The sky is a jade curtain, the moon is a white jade hook, and the Weaver Girl weaves Qingyun, cutting it into five-color fur. It's hard to be a guest with a fur coat and wine, but I always bow to Beichen to reward each other. One drink lasts for five hundred years, and one drink lasts for three thousand years. But he rode the white phoenix parallel to the spotted Qiu, and went down to play with Magu in Xuanzhou. I thought about playing the flute in Jinjiang, and then I crossed Jiannan to stay in Xiaoliu.

Reference: /view/2370.htm#1

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