Up to now, we have learned many articles by famous modern and contemporary writers, including Lao She, Mo Yan, Bi Shumin, Shi Tiesheng and so on. Every writer's articles have their own characteristics in language except for different materials and themes. For example, Lao She's language is humorous, Shi Tiesheng's language is profound and meaningful, and so on. We call this linguistic uniqueness language style.

There are thousands of people in Qian Qian in the world, and everyone has different personality characteristics-even a pair of twins who grew up in the same environment have many differences in their personalities. Language style is just like a person's personality, and every writer's writing style is different. In addition to the different language styles of writers, different genres of articles require different language styles.

Chinese ancient literati have long studied the language style, for example, Cao Pi said in Dian Lun Papers:

Another example is Lu Ji's discussion in Wen Fu:

The same thing is expressed differently in different genres of articles, and the same thing is also expressed differently in different writers' works, such as Qinhuai River in the shadow of oars. If you look for it and read it, you will find that Zhu Ziqing's words are still as elegant and magnificent, while Yu Pingbo's words are more approachable; Zhu Ziqing's articles have a poetic rhythm, while Yu Pingbo's articles are more like essays. This is the difference in language style.

Wang Zengqi

Minghai has been a monk for four years.

he came at the age of thirteen.

The place name of this place is a bit strange, called An Zhaozhuang. Zhao, because most of the Zhuang people are surnamed Zhao. It's called Zhuang, but people live in scattered places, two or three here and two or three there. As soon as you go out, you can see it from a distance, and you have to walk for a while, because there is no road, it is a winding ridge. An nunnery is because there is an nunnery. The nunnery complained bitterly about the nunnery, but everyone called it wrong, and it was called the water-logging nunnery. Even the monks in the nunnery call it that. "Where is the temple?" -"Hey, hey." The nunnery used to live in a nun. "Monk Temple" and "buddhist nun". However, the monk lives in the temple. Maybe it's because the water chestnut temple is not big, the big one is a temple, and the small one is an temple.

Minghai is called Xiao Mingzi at home. He was determined to become a monk at an early age. His hometown is not called "becoming a monk", but "being a monk". There are monks in his hometown. Just like some places produce pigs, some places produce mats, some places produce hoops, some places produce cotton, some places produce painters, and his hometown produces monks. People have many brothers, so they send one out to be a monk. Being a monk requires connections and help. Some monks in this place have gone far. There are those who go to Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, Jing 'an Temple in Shanghai, Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang and Tianning Temple in Yangzhou. Usually in the temples in this county. There are few fields in Minghai, and the eldest, the second and the third are enough. He is the fourth child. When he was seven years old, he went home as a monk's uncle, and his father and mother consulted with him and decided to call him a monk. He was there at the time, and felt that this was really reasonable and there was no reason to object. Being a monk has many advantages. First, you can eat ready-made meals. Every temple is in charge of rice. Second, you can save money. As long as you learn to let go of yoga and worship Liang Huang, you can get the hard money according to the rules. Save it up and get married in the future; If you don't want to be secular, you can buy a few acres of land. It's not easy to be a monk. First, you should look like a long moon; second, you should sound like a bell; third, you should be smart and have a good memory. His uncle took a photo of him, told him to walk a few steps forward and then a few steps back, and told him to shout the bugle call: "Gedang XX-",saying that "Akiko will be a good monk, I'll take care of it!" If you want to be a monk, you have to get some books and study for several years. There are monks who can't read! So Mingzi entered school, read Sanzi Jing, Hundred Family Names, Four Miscellaneous Words, Youxue Qionglin, Shanglun, Xialun, Shangmeng and Xiameng, and wrote a copy every day. Everyone in the village praised him for his good handwriting and dark.

My uncle went home on the appointed date, and brought a short shirt with a monk's collar that he wore himself. He asked Mingzi Niang to make it smaller and put it on Mingzi. Akiko wore this monk's blouse, purple trousers at home, a pair of new cloth shoes barefoot, kowtowed to his father and mother, and left with his uncle.

when he was at school, he had a scientific name, Minghai. Uncle said, don't change it. So "Minghai" changed from scientific name to dharma name.

across a lake. What a big lake! Through a county town. The county town is really lively: the official salt shop, the tax bureau and the butcher shop are hung with pigs, a donkey is grinding sesame seeds, and the smell of sesame oil is all over the street. Cloth shops, restaurants selling jasmine powder and hair oil, velvet flowers, silk thread, plasterers, sugar blowers and snake charmers … He wants to see everything. My uncle pushed him vigorously: "Let's go! Go! "

When they reached a river, a boat was waiting for them. There was a lanky uncle in his fifties on the boat, and a girl about the age of Akiko was squatting at the bow, peeling a lotus to eat. Atsuko and his uncle sat in the cabin and the boat left. Akiko heard someone talking to him. It was the girl.

"Are you going to be a monk in the water-logging nunnery?"

Akiko nodded.

"When you are a monk, you should burn the scar and vomit! Aren't you afraid? "

Atsuko didn't know how to answer, so she shook her head vaguely.

"What's your name?"

"Minghai."

"at home?"

"It's called Akiko."

"Akiko! My name is Xiaoying! We are neighbors. My house is next to the water-water-water temple. -here you are! "

Xiaoying threw the leftover half of the lotus to Minghai, and Xiaoming peeled off the shell of the lotus and ate it one by one.

Uncle paddled, only to hear the sound of paddles paddling: "Wow-Xu! Wow-Xu! "

...

...

...

There are no rules in this monastery, and no one even mentioned these two words.

Renshan eats hookah, and even goes out to do things with his hookah.

they often play cards. This is a good place to play cards. Put the square table for eating in the hall to the door and put it sideways, which is the card table. As soon as the table was put away, Renshan took the chips out of his abbot and crashed them on the table. Playing cards more often, playing mahjong less. In addition to the other three disciples, the frequent visitors are a duck feather collector and a rabbit hunter who steals chickens. They are all serious people. The duck feather collector carried a pair of bamboo baskets and went from town to town, stretching his hoarse voice and shouting, "Duck feather sells for money-!"

The chicken thief has one thing-a bronze dragonfly. I saw an old hen, threw the bronze dragonfly away, and the chicken woman took a bite. At this peck, the hard spring of the bronze dragonfly stretched open, and the chicken's mouth propped up, and it could not be called out. Just when the chicken was very puzzled, it went up and grabbed it.

Atsuko once asked this serious person to have a look at the bronze dragonfly. He took it to Xiaoying's house and tried it. Sure enough! Xiaoying's mother knew this and scolded Akiko: "I'm going to die! Son! Why did you come to my house to play with the bronze dragonfly! " Xiaoying came running:

"Give it to me! Give it to me! "

She tried it, too. It was really clever. A black hen held her mouth at once and was stupid!

on rainy and cloudy days, these two will come to the water chestnut monastery to spend the day.

Sometimes, when there are no foreigners, the teacher's uncle is dragged out, and the result of playing cards is that the master monk is very angry: "Lost again! I won't come next time! "

they don't hide their meat from others. Kill pigs next year. Killing pigs is in the main hall. Everything is the same as at home, boiling water, wooden barrels and sharp knives. When tying pigs, pigs also bark desperately. Different from the family, there is an extra ceremony to recite a "curse of death" to the pig who is about to ascend to heaven, and it is always recited by the teacher's uncle, with a solemn expression: "... all viviparous, oviparous and dormant births come from the void, and return to the void to be reborn, so be happy. There is no Amitabha in the south! "

Before and after the three ellipsis in the middle above are two excerpts from The Commandment. These two paragraphs are chosen because they can well reflect the language style of the author Wang Zengqi-plain and plain. Of course, this plain language style is also related to the theme of Jiangnan scenery chosen by the author. He writes about natural scenery and ordinary people.

Some people sum up that Wang Zengqi's language is "to see the strange rise from the plain", which is absolutely true. There are few flowery words in the full text, but it writes a vibrant world. Originally, for us, becoming a monk was a rock-breaking thing. For example, a few years ago, high flyers, a math major in Peking University, gave up the full scholarship of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and went to Longquan Temple to become a monk-this matter was reported by the media for a long time. And how did Wang Zengqi write it in "Being ordained":

Being a monk seems to be an ordinary job, and everyone will have someone to do it. Can you imagine?

Xiao Mingzi left his home for the first time to become a monk, and he saw so many strange things in Qian Qian along the way that the author didn't even use an idiom like "dazzling", just wrote:

Is it like a primary school student writing? This naive and simple tone is just in line with Minghai's status as a fledgling child.

As for temples, the author wrote directly:

This is not bad! Don't think that we won't be surprised if you write it flatly-which temples and monks don't obey the rules? Tang Sanzang's voice and smile appeared before our eyes: Good, good, poor monk is a monk, can't drink … can't marry … can't kill … can't do this … can't do that. But the monks in this temple smoke, play cards and even kill pigs to eat meat. But these behaviors are not annoying. * * Because the language is plain and simple, the monks depicted in words are not evil, but have an open and aboveboard attitude.

This is the charm of plain and quiet language style.

If you are very interested in reading the selected articles above, please go and read the full text of The Commandment, and you will enjoy it even more.

Wang Zengqi

He has never been to Beijing before.

I watched the Peking Opera "The Story of Bean Juice" (namely "Hongluan Jubilee", also known as "Jin Yu Nu" and "Beating a Lover") when I was a child, but I didn't know what "bean juice" was, so I thought it was tofu pulp.

When I arrived in Beijing, my old classmates in Beijing treated me to roast duck, barbecue and instant-boiled mutton and asked me, "Do you dare to drink bean juice?" I am a "hairy man who doesn't eat dusters, legs who don't eat benches, big meat who doesn't eat dead people, and small meat who doesn't eat flies". What's wrong with drinking bean juice? He took me to a snack bar, asked for two bowls, and warned me, "If you can't drink it, don't drink it. Many people vomited after taking a sip. " I picked up the bowl and finished it in a few mouthfuls. My classmate asked, "How's it going?" I said, "Another bowl."

Bean juice is the leftover of making mung bean vermicelli. Very cheap. In the past, people who sold raw bean juice pushed a wooden bucket with a lid with a cart and strung back streets and hutongs. There is no need to "call the head" (the horn to attract customers), nor does it call. Because every day, wherever you go, there are always accurate times. At that time, a woman brought a container to buy. With bean juice, you don't have to cook porridge when you eat steamed corn bread this day. This is poor food. Jin Song, the father of Jin Yunu in The Story of Bean Juice, is "on the pole" (called flower head), so there is leftover bean juice at home, so you can give Mo Jisheng a bowl.

The seller of cooked bean juice will set up a stall on the street. A copper pot, a pot of bean juice in the pot, boiled with a small fire. You can only boil the bean juice with a small fire. If the fire is big, the bean juice will "simmer" as soon as it is soaked. There are shredded hot pickles on the bean juice stand-water bumps are cut into shreds and poured with Chili oil, sesame cakes and inby-similar to fried dough sticks, but they are made into circles and crispy. Those who work hard go to the stall and sit down, ask for several sets of baked wheat cakes, inby, two bowls of bean juice, and just a little spicy pickles, which is a meal.

pickles on the bean juice stand are not money. A fellow villager in Baoding sat down, took out two steamed buns and asked, "How much is a bowl of bean juice?" The seller told him, "Where are the pickles?" -"pickles don't cost money." -"Then give me a dish of pickles."

drinking bean juice often will make you addicted. Poor people in Beijing drink bean juice, and some rich people also like it. Mei Lanfang's family once took a pot of bean juice outside every afternoon, the size of the whole family, and each person drank a bowl. What's the smell of bean juice? This is really impossible to say. This thing is fermented by mung beans and has a sour taste. Those who don't like to drink are said to be like swill and sour. The drinker said: other things can't have this taste-sour! It's just like stinky tofu and Qisi. Some people love it and some people don't.

the bean juice sinks to the bottom, and it's hemp tofu. Stir-fried bean curd with sheep's tail oil, and add a few green beans (green beans that have just sprouted), which is very fragrant. This family fried sesame tofu that day and had to measure an extra bowl of rice when cooking-everyone's appetite was opened.

August 16th

This article is selected from "Plants on Earth"

This article writes about the bean juice that is common in Beijing but few people dare to eat. Which paragraph do you like best? In your favorite passage, where can you show the author's "plain and plain" language style?

in the discussion of language and literary style in ancient China, these two sentences are the most classic: