"Red Cliff Ode" refers to the "First Red Cliff Ode" among the two "Red Cliff Ode" written by Su Shi, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a famous piece in the history of ancient Chinese literature, which expresses the author's mind from contradictions and conflicts. Grief turns to a complex process of transcendence and sublimation.

1. Creation background

"Chibi Fu" was written during one of the most difficult periods in Su Shi's life - when he was demoted to Huangzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he was accused of writing a poem that "slandered the imperial court". He was impeached by the imperial censor and imprisoned. This is known as the "Wutai Poetry Case" in history. Su Shi was charged with defaming the imperial court for writing "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao" and was arrested and imprisoned. "After several restorations," he was tortured. After being rescued by many parties, he was released in December of that year and demoted to the deputy envoy of Huangzhou Tuanlian, but he was "not allowed to sign official documents or go to the resettlement house without authorization." This was undoubtedly a "semi-prisoner" controlled life. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), Su Shi traveled to Red Cliff twice, on July 16 and October 15, and wrote two poems with the theme of Red Cliff. Later generations called the first one "Previous Red Cliff". "Ode", the second part is "Ode to Hou Chibi".

2. The original text attached is as follows:

Qian Chibi Ode

Song Dynasty. Su Shi

In the autumn of Renxu, in July, Su The son and his guests went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze comes slowly and the water waves are calm. Lifting wine to guests, reciting poems about the bright moon, and singing graceful chapters. After a while, the moon rose above the east mountain, wandering among the bullfights. White dew flows across the river, and the water reaches the sky. Even though a reed is like this, thousands of hectares are at a loss. The vastness is like Feng Xu riding the wind without knowing where it stops; the flutteringness is like being left alone in the world, becoming immortal and ascending to immortality.

So they drank and had a lot of fun, and sang along to the boat. The song goes: "The orchid oars are hanging on the osmanthus, and the light is shining in the sky. I feel the mist in my heart, and I look forward to the beauty in the sky." There is a guest who plays the cave flute, and he sings along with it. His voice is whining, like resentment, admiration, weeping, and complaining; the lingering sound is lingering, like a wisp. The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat.

Su Zi was stunned, sat upright, and asked the guest: "Why is it so?" The guest said: "'The moon and stars are sparse, and the black magpie flies south.' Is this not a poem by Cao Mengde? Xixi Looking at Xiakou and Wuchang in the east, the mountains and rivers are close to each other and the sky is green. Isn't this what Meng De was trapped in Zhou Lang? Drinking wine by the river, writing poems across the river, I have been a hero for a lifetime. How can I be safe now? Kuangwu and his son fished and wooded on the river, accompanied by fish and shrimps, and made friends with elk. It belongs to. I send mayflies to the sky, a drop in the vast sea. I feel sorry for my life, and I admire the infiniteness of the Yangtze River. I carry the flying immortals to fly, and I don’t know how sudden they are. I leave them in the sad wind." /p>

Su Zi said: "Do guests also know that the water and the moon are like this? Those who have passed away are like this, but they have not yet passed away; those who are full and empty are like that, but their soldiers are not waxing and waning. Look at the changes in Gaijiang and others. , then the heaven and earth cannot last for a moment; from the perspective of being unchanging, things and I are endless, and how can I envy it! Between heaven and earth, everything has its own owner, even if it is not my possession, even a tiny bit. Don’t take it. Only the cool breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains can be heard by the ears and formed by the sight of the eyes. They can be taken without restraint and used inexhaustibly. This is the infinite treasure of the Creator, and I and my son have it. "The most suitable thing." (The most suitable work: ***food)

The guests are happy and smile, wash the cup and drink more. The core of the food is gone, and the cups and plates are in a mess. The couple and their pillows were spread out in the boat, unaware of the whiteness of the east.

Translation

In the autumn of the Renxu year, on the 16th day of the seventh month, Su Shi and his friends went boating under Red Cliff. The breeze blows in waves, and the water surface becomes calm. He raised his glass to toast his companions, recited an article related to the bright moon, and praised the graceful chapter. Not long after, the bright moon rose from behind Dongshan, hovering between the constellations Dipper and Ox. The white mist stretches across the river, and the clear water reaches the sky. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the vast expanse of river. (My feelings) The majesty is like riding the wind out of thin air, but not knowing where it will stop. It is like abandoning the world, detached and independent, becoming a god and entering a fairyland.

At this time, the people were drinking happily, tapping the side of the boat with their hands, and singing loudly in response. The song sings: "The osmanthus wood boat beats the pandan oar, against the clear waves, and against the floodlight of the flowing water. My heart is far away, and I want to see my beloved at the end of the world." There are guests who play the dongxiao, accompanying the singing according to the rhythm. The sound of the dongxiao sounds like resentment, yearning, crying, and confiding. The ending is sad, melodious, and long, like a continuous filament. . It can make the dragons in the deep valley dance for it, and the widow on the lonely boat can cry after hearing it.

Su Shi's face was sad and desolate. He straightened his clothes and sat upright, asking the guest: "Why is the tune so (sad)?" The companion replied: "'The moon is sparse with stars, and the crows and magpies are scattered. "Flying South", isn't this a poem by Cao Mengde? (Here) you can see Xiakou to the west and Wuchang to the east. Mountains and rivers are endless, and (as far as the eye can see) it is green. Isn't this what Cao Mengde was admired by Zhou Yu? The place he was besieging? When he captured Jingzhou and captured Jiangling, he sailed eastward along the Yangtze River. His warships stretched for thousands of miles, and the flags covered the sky. He drank wine by the river and chanted poems with his spear across the river. Fu, he was indeed a hero of his generation, but where are he today? Not to mention that you and I fished and chopped firewood on Shuizhu by the river, kept company with fish and shrimps, and made friends with elk. (We) drove this Ye Xiaozhou raised his glasses to toast each other. (We) were like mayflies in the vast world, as small as a grain of corn in the vast sea.

(Alas,) We lament that our life is only a short moment, (can't help) envying the endless Yangtze River. (I want to) travel around the world hand in hand with the immortals, embrace the bright moon and live forever in the world. (I) know that these cannot be obtained every time, so I can only turn my regrets into flute sounds and entrust them in the sad autumn wind. "

Su Shi said: "Do you also know the water and the moon? The constant passage is like the river, but it has not really passed away; the period is full and sometimes waning, just like the moon, but it does not increase or decrease in the end. It can be seen that from the changeable side of things, there is no moment without change in heaven and earth; and from the unchanging side of things, all things are as endless as one's own life, so what is there to envy? What's more, in the world, everything has its own belonging. If it is not what you should have, you can't get even a cent. As long as the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains reach your ears, you will hear sounds, and your eyes will draw shapes. No one will stop you from getting these, and you will never run out of time to enjoy them. This is the endless treasure of the Creator (gift) that you and I can enjoy together. ”

So the companions smiled happily, cleaned the cups and poured wine again. The dishes and fruits were all eaten, leaving only the cups and plates on the table in a mess. (Su Zi and companions) In the boat They fell asleep with each other's pillows on each other's pillows, and before they knew it, the sky had turned white (meaning it was dawn)

3. Introduction to the author:

Su Shi (1037-1101), Northern Song Dynasty literature. Writer, calligrapher, painter, and gourmet. His courtesy name is Zizhan, and his name is Dongpo Jushi. He was born in Sichuan, and was buried in Yingchang (now Jiaxian County, Pingdingshan City, Henan Province). Essence. His writing is unbridled, clear and fluent. Together with Ouyang Xiu, he is called Ou Su, and he is one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poetry is fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggeration and metaphor, and his artistic expression is unique. He is a bold and unrestrained poet and has a huge influence on later generations. He is also known as Su Xin together with Xin Qiji. He is good at running script and regular script in calligraphy. He can create his own ideas. His pen is rich and ups and downs, and he has an innocent and innocent interest. He is also known as Su Xin along with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fu and Cai Xiang. He is known as one of the four artists of the Song Dynasty. He studied painting and literature, advocated spiritual similarity in painting, and advocated "scholar painting". He wrote "The Complete Works of Su Dongpo" and "Dongpo Yuefu".