1, on the environmental conditions, soil requirements
temperature, like light, but more than 35 degrees above high temperature, very strong light conditions a susceptible to disease, and poor growth. Extremely afraid of flooding, also intolerant of moisture, drought tolerance is strong. Choose convenient drainage and irrigation, rich in organic matter, low water table, the previous crop is not pepper, tomato, eggplant, melon crop sandy loam plot cultivation easier to get high yield.
Yellow bell peppers on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer have a greater demand for calcium, magnesium, iron, boron, molybdenum, manganese and a variety of micronutrient-free demand is also greater. In different growth periods of various nutrient requirements are different. Seedlings need less fertilizer, but the nutrients must be comprehensive, otherwise it will hinder the differentiation of flower buds, resulting in poor growth, branches and leaves tender and weak, easy to induce disease. After the fruit is required to supply sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients, in order to promote its fruit large, productive, colorful fruit.
2, cultivation points (open field cultivation in Hainan)
(1) seedling
Hainan's soil organic matter content of the quality, so we should formulate fertile, rich in organic matter, have good physical properties, strong water retention, good aeration of the soil mixture for seedling soil. Generally, according to the quality ratio, rice paddy soil: fire soil: fully decomposed cow dung chaff: refined organic fertilizer (commercially available) = 5.5:2:2:0.5. hole hole longitudinal, transverse diameter should be selected 8cm × 5cm is good (54 holes / block). Match the nutrient soil in the week before sowing should also be 1000 times liquid drenching, in order to kill harmful germs. Sowing period selected in September 1 - October 1 is appropriate. Mu with the amount of seed 10-15 grams. In order to facilitate the rapid and neat germination of seeds, improve the utilization rate of the hole tray, and kill the harmful pathogens carried by the seeds, the seeds should be soaked in hot water and germinated. When soaking the seeds, pour warm water at 55℃ (2 dippers of boiling water + 1 dipper of cold water) into the seeds, and then use a stick without stirring the seeds until the water temperature drops to 30℃. Pour the seeds out and clean them with water and then soak them for 4-6 hours, so that the seeds draw enough water and then fish them out and drain off the excess water, then wrap them in clean and moist gauze or towel and put them in the environment of 25-30 ℃ to germinate for 3-7 days, and during the period of germination, clean the seeds and the wrappings with clear not every 24 hours once. There are 40 to 60% of the seeds can be sown in the hole after dew white. Robust seedlings are generally 18-25cm tall, with 9-14 true leaves, intact cotyledons, large and thick leaves, well-developed and vigorous root system, and free of pests and diseases. The age of seedlings is 30-45 days (12 leaves). If there is a yellow weak seedlings can be used 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% urea + 0.2% vitality of the liquid foliar spray 1 ~ 2 times, can also be used 0.2% urea + 0.3% brown sugar + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.15% of the 70% of the metribuzin wettable powder, foliar spray, in order to promote the growth of both disease prevention.
(2) planting
It is appropriate to choose the terrain is high and dry, good arable, able to drain and irrigate the sandy loam plot planting, generally, mu sprinkled fully rotted farmyard soil fertilizer 1000kg ~ 2000kg, or 3 ~ 4m3 rotted livestock, or refined organic fertilizers 1 ~ 2 tons (commercially available), strip ditching with 50kg of calcium superphosphate, ternary composite fertilizer 50kg as a basal fertilizer. Plant spacing 55 ~ 65cm × 80 ~ 90cm, mu planted 1100 ~ 1500 plants, poor soil should be densely planted to 2000 plants. The direction of the furrow and bed should be considered ventilation and light. It is preferable to use high-quality two-color silver-gray film. The width of the bed is 1.2 meters, the width of the ditch between the beds is 0.4 meters, the ditch between the beds should be flat, so as to achieve the purpose of easy irrigation and easy drainage.
(3) field management
Although yellow bell peppers have a strong drought resistance, but reasonable irrigation is still a key measure to achieve high yield this. After slowing down the seedling in time to raise seedling fertilizer (0.2% to 0.5% urea water) 2 to 3 times. 15～20 days after planting, the pursuit of urea 10 kg / mu. Before and after the bud, hole application of potash 8 kg/mu + urea 8 kg/mu + nitrogen and potassium calcium and magnesium compound fertilizer 20 kg/mu. Every harvest a batch of fruit, the appropriate amount of urea and three compound fertilizer, while foliar spraying 0.3% urea + 0.4% brown sugar + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate water solution, to ensure that the fruit has grown and continue to blossom fruit. Every 5 to 7 days furrow irrigation once, and with a scoop of water drenching root and stem, to ensure that the ditch is wet.
(4) pest control
Seedling diseases are mainly sudden collapse disease, which often makes the embryo and cotyledons brown and rot, resulting in the seeds can not germinate, seedlings can not come out of the ground. Seedlings out of the ground, the base of the stem infested with the disease, was water-logged, yellowish quilt color, no obvious edge, and gradually lose water to become thin, become linear, until the sudden collapse. Prevention and control methods are mainly based on prevention, the use of sterile seedbed soil, there can be 50% carbendazim at 8 to 10 grams per square meter mixed with 10 to 15 kg of fine soil as mulch. Diseases in the adult stage are mainly vexillosis, bacterial leaf spot, green blight, blight, orange wilt, root-knot nematode disease.
The main causes of yellow leaf drop are: the first, pepper anthracnose. Easy to occur after the rainy season, the affected leaves first produced water-soaked green spots, brown irregular-shaped spots, gray-white in the middle, on which small black dots were born in whorls, yellowing of diseased leaves easy to fall. The second, physiological yellow leaf drop. Waterlogging, fertilizer damage, drought, lack of fertilizer, etc. can cause yellow leaf drop, this kind of yellow leaves without obvious pathological spots. Therefore, the pepper field should be selected in the easy drainage and irrigation of the fertilizer field, and at the same time diligently apply thinly applied by composting and rotting farm bar, often to do both fertilizer and medicine.
There are several main causes of plant leaf roll. The first, thrips, aphids damage, aphids are concentrated in the young leaves on the back of the leaf sucking sap caused by the young leaves become yellow curled. The second, mite damage, to red spider, tea mite mainly. The back of the leaf of the victimized plant is tea-brown, and the young leaves appear to be leafy, mottled, wrinkled, deformed, and silk leaves. The fourth, drought and water shortage. Drought leads to severe water loss and damage to the root system of chili peppers and leaf rolling.
Pests are mainly sooty bollworm, cotton bollworm, tea yellow mite, leaf mites, thrips, American subterranean fly, peach aphid, small tigress, and twill nightshade moth. Thrips, aphids, red spider mites, and tea yellow mites are important causes of yellow lantern yield reduction. Its control is especially important. It must be diligently prevented and treated. If several other pests can not be controlled well, the heavy crop may be extinct.
(5) Plant Adjustment
The branching ability of yellow lantern pepper is very strong, mu number of plants in the 700 or so, you can leave a pair of side branches under the first fork, the rest of the timely erased, mu number of more than 1500 plants below the first fork should not stay side branches.
(6) artificial pollination
Most of the flowers of the yellow lantern pepper is a long column of flowers, the weather is not good than the anthers of the flower column longer than 1 centimeter, this time if the pollinating insects less will lead to a large number of flower drop. (This is one of the main reasons why Hainan local species of yellow lantern seat rate is low.) In order to obtain a high yield can be depending on the labor situation, to give artificial pollination assistance. Methods are: pollen collection method 1 ~ 2d before pollination, collection is about to open but not pollinated large flower buds, cut off the petals, take out the anthers spread on a clean white paper paper. And put it in a dry place, the next morning you can use over 80-120 mesh sieve (insect screen can do), collect pollen into a covered glass bottle. Put the pollen into a small bottle, use a pencil like a leather head to stick the pollen, and apply the pollen lightly on the stigma can be. You can also directly use rubber-stick pollen to pollinate the stigma after 10:30 on the same day, when the pollen is dispersed. Skilled workers can manually assist pollination of about 0.5 acres per day.