Selection of seeds: choose excellent toon varieties without mold and with high germination rate. Soak seeds to promote germination: first soak the seeds in warm water for about 12 hours, then put them into bags and put them in 25℃ to promote germination. Sowing seedlings: in May-June, sow the seeds into the planting furrow (row spacing 25-30cm, furrow depth 3-5cm), then pour enough bottom water and mulch the soil compaction, when the growth of about 5 true leaves, it can be transplanted and planted.

I. Toon planting methods and time

1, planting methods

(1) Selection of seeds

Select the color reddish-yellow, full of particles, no pests and diseases, no mildew and a high rate of germination of the excellent toon varieties.

(2) soak the seeds to promote germination

① first soak the seeds in warm water at a temperature of 20-30 ℃ for about 12 hours, then take out the seeds and wash them with warm water.

② Then put the seeds in a bag to germinate, keep the temperature at about 25 ℃, when the seeds can be sown after germination.

(3) Seedling site

Seedling sites should be selected from sandy soil with fertile and loose soil, deep tillage, convenient drainage and irrigation, windward and sunny, and sufficient light.

(4) sowing seedlings

① Usually in May-June sowing seedlings, planting furrow, row spacing of 25-30cm, the depth of the furrow for 3-5cm.

② evenly spread the seeds into the planting furrow, and then watered and mulched compaction, the thickness of mulch 0.3-0.5cm.

③ usually sowing 5-7 days to germinate, needing to be sown. 7 days will be able to sprout, need to water in time as well as plowing and loosening the soil, to be toon seedlings grow about 5 true leaves, then transplanting and planting can be carried out.

(5) planting

Select the 1-year old toon seedlings with full terminal buds and strong root system for transplanting and planting, the plant row spacing is 8-10cm, and 500 plants can be planted in each mu, and the first batch of toon buds can be harvested and marketed after about 40-50 days.

2, planting time

Toon tree is suitable for planting in the spring, the time for the early spring of March, and according to the specific local climate adjustment time, if you miss the spring, you can also choose to plant in the fall of the climate stability.

Second, the management of the toon

1, timely buckling

If the toon is planted after November, because the temperature is low, so you need to buckling to increase the temperature.

2, adjust the temperature and humidity

(1) 1 week after transplanting can not increase the temperature in the shed, the shed temperature will be maintained at 15 ℃, conducive to slowing down the seedlings.

(2) about 10 days after planting began to increase the temperature, the daytime temperature of 18-24 ℃, the night temperature of 12-14 ℃, the low temperature should be maintained at 15 ℃ or more.

(3) After planting, water thoroughly, keep the air humidity in the shed at 80-85%, not enough humidity as well as too large, are not conducive to plant growth, when the humidity is not enough, should be sprayed to make up for the water, the humidity is too large, in the sunny days at noon, lifting the film to ventilate, reduce the humidity in the shed.

3, fertilization

(1) spring toon sprouting ability, need to apply more nitrogen fertilizer, Shi has been fermented hog manure 3000-4000kg / mu, can also be mu 50-60kg nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizer plus urea about 15kg.

(2) fertilizer need to be watered, in the fall before the fall of the leaves mu Shi chicken manure 2000-3000kg and watering, to store nutrients for the tree, which is conducive to the safe overwintering of the toon tree as well as the germination in the spring of the second year.

4, plowing and weeding

In spring, plowing and weeding should be carried out after each watering to loosen the soil, and at the same time, remove the weeds in the shed, so that the roots of the plant can grow normally.

5, control of pests and diseases

(1) powdery mildew: 40% Fosin emulsion 8000-10000 times spray control or 15% powder rust 1000 times spray and avoid the application of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, while the timely removal of diseased branches, diseased leaves, centralized composting or burning, to reduce the source of disease.

(2) leaf rust: 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1500-2000 times liquid spray control; to the field ventilation, to maintain light transmission, to reduce the disease; timely drainage and irrigation, reduce the humidity of the greenhouse, to create conditions unfavorable to the occurrence of disease.

(3) mulberry yellow leaf beetle: plant source pesticide 0.63% smoke bittersweet 500 times, biopesticide BT2000 times liquid spray control. In addition to chemical control, can also be used for physical control method, knocking the trunk in the morning, the mulberry yellow leaf beetle vibration down on the ground, and then quickly killed.

(4) cloud spotted aspen: larval period with 800 times trichlorfon liquid spray, adult period can be 1500 times Rogaine control.

6, pruning

① after the end of the spring tsubaki bud harvest, in mid-late June to early July, the main trunk from the ground at 20cm high pruning, can promote the side buds sprouting into new branches.

② in late July to early August, according to the strength of the new branches to play the project, the top should be combined with fertilizer management, strong branches can be ahead of the top of the weak branches should be delayed to play the top of the branches as soon as possible to promote the formation of full top buds.

7, overwintering protection measures

① after the fall of leaves in the fall, in mid to late November, in the back of the shade dug 50-60cm deep and 50cm wide ditch, and transplanted toon plants dug out the roots of every 50 plants for a bundle, and at the same time in the roots of the mud poured, tilted upright in the ditch.

② root filled with soil and watered 1 time to penetrate to the bottom of the ditch is appropriate, often keep the soil moist, about 15 days after the low temperature, the plant will pass the dormant period, can be planted.

8, timely harvest and notes

(1) harvest

① harvest standards to the bud color purple-red, buds 10-15cm long for the degree of the harvest should be picked first top buds after picking the side buds, if the top buds are not picked, the lower side buds are difficult to grow or easy to lead to poor growth.

② top buds grow to about 15cm when picking, picking should be scissors to cut buds, in the base to retain 1-2 leaves.

③ When picking the side buds, leave 1-2 leaves, so that it continues to sprout, generally after picking the temperature will rise, should be timely watering, keep the soil moist, prompting the toon to continue to sprout new buds.

(2) Notes

① Do not break the toon seedling by hand to avoid injury.

② After picking, mu apply 100-150kg urea to promote the growth of side shoots.