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Thanksgiving overview
1 1 The fourth Thursday of the month is Thanksgiving Day. Thanksgiving is an ancient festival created by the American people, and it is also a festival for Americans to get together with their families, so Americans always feel cordial when they mention Thanksgiving.
The most authentic and American holiday among American national holidays is closely related to early American history.
1620, some worshippers went to the United States on the Mayflower to seek religious freedom. After two months of turbulence at sea, they finally landed in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts, in the cold November.
In the first winter, more than half of the immigrants died of hunger and infectious diseases, and those who survived began to sow in the first spring, namely 162 1 year. They are eagerly looking forward to the harvest all summer, knowing that their survival and the existence of the colony will depend on the upcoming harvest. Finally, the crops got an unexpected harvest. In order to thank God for the bumper harvest, a three-day carnival was held. Since then, this custom has continued and gradually became popular everywhere. 1863, American President Lincoln declared the fourth Thursday of November as Thanksgiving Day every year. Thanksgiving celebrations have been held on this day until now. At that time, family reunion and national celebration will be as grand and enthusiastic as the Spring Festival in China.
The pattern of Thanksgiving celebration has never changed for many years. Preparations for a sumptuous family dinner began months ago. People can eat apples, oranges, chestnuts, walnuts and grapes on the dining table, as well as raisin pudding, minced meat pies, various other foods, cranberry juice and fresh fruit juice, among which roast turkey and pumpkin pie are the most wonderful and attractive dishes, which have always been the most traditional and favorite food in Thanksgiving.
Everyone agrees that roast turkey must be the main dish of Thanksgiving dinner. Turkey should be baked with bread as stuffing to absorb delicious juice from the middle stream, but cooking techniques often vary from family to family and from region to region, so it is difficult to agree on what stuffing to use.
The origin of thanksgiving
The origin of Thanksgiving Day has something to do with the religious disputes between British Christians. From the end of16th century to17th century, the English Puritans launched a violent religious reform movement, announced that they would leave the state religion and set up another church, and advocated eliminating the residual influence within the Episcopal Church. However, in the middle of17th century, the royalist parliament passed the "Religion of Believing in the Country", and the Puritans began to be brutally persecuted by the government and church forces. Arrest, torture and religious trials threatened the Puritans all the time. Forced to do so, they had to move to Holland to take refuge. However, it's hard to live under the fence. In Holland, the Puritans not only failed to escape religious persecution, but also suffered from the pain and suffering brought by the war. What is even more unbearable for them is that in a foreign country, children can't stand the "English-style education" and their feelings for their native land are getting weaker day by day. In order to completely escape the clutches of religious persecution and preserve the language and tradition of the motherland for the next generation, they once again thought of the great migration.
Although the world is big, where is the destination of this group of people who are reduced to the end of the world? After much deliberation, they turned their eyes to America. Columbus discovered this "new continent" more than 0/00 years ago, with a vast territory and rich products, and there are still many places without kings. No parliament, no executioner, undeveloped virgin land. "The sea is wide with diving, and the sky is high." Only in such a place can they live easily, freely believe in and spread their favorite religion, and open up a paradise on earth belonging to Puritans.
So, Bradford, the famous leader of Puritans, called 102 companions. In September of 1620, he boarded a wooden sailboat weighing 180 tons and 90 feet long-may flower, and began the adventure voyage of Columbus expedition. This ship with a romantic name is too small for sailing. Due to the situation, they "chose" the worst crossing season of the year. However, with a bright vision for the future, in order to get back the lost rights and freedoms, this group of people who have suffered a lot have been desperate.
The sea is stormy and the waves are high. may flower is like a leaf in a storm, drifting forward with difficulty, and it is in danger of shipwreck and death at almost any time. However, with the concerted efforts of everyone, the ship did not encounter any damage, and after sailing for 66 days, it arrived at Cape Cod on 1 1 February 2 1 day, that is, the port of Provinse, Massachusetts, USA today. After a short rest, may flower continued to advance along the coastline. Due to the headwind and jet lag, it failed to reach its intended destination-Jamestown, Virginia. Instead, it sent them to the land of New England on the first day after Christmas.
Interestingly, only one of all the explorers died in this dangerous expedition. However, due to the birth of a baby on the journey, many people arrived in America, still 102. Immigrants are devout believers, and all of them cross their hands, and sincerely thank God for his care.
Now, in front of them, it is a completely strange land, and the winding coastline looks quiet and desolate. Therefore, within about a month, the immigrants did not dare to land rashly and still took the boat as their home. During this period, they sent a reconnaissance team and took a boat to find a settlement along Cape Cod Bay. One day, while everyone was waiting anxiously, the reconnaissance team came back to report that they had found a real "paradise" suitable for immigrants to live in. "Paradise" is today's Plymouth Harbor, which is a natural harbor and is very suitable for berthing in may flower. There is an excellent fishing ground near the port, which can provide a lot of seafood. Not far away, a rolling hill, like a natural barrier, surrounds the land. In the bright sunshine, the icy stream reflects the glittering and translucent luster, which can provide enough fresh water for immigrants. The cultivated fertile farmland is neatly arranged one by one. In addition, they also saw a dilapidated house, but it was enough to shelter them from the wind and rain and help them through the severe winter ... It seems that everything is fine and can't be better. The only thing that confuses them is that there is no figure and a wisp of smoke in this land full of human life, which looks so desolate as if it had been prepared for them in advance. Later, I learned that it used to be a very prosperous Indian village. A few years ago, flowers were popular, and no one in the village was spared, which made it the best refuge for this group of exotic drifters.
A few days later, may flower crossed Cape Cod Bay and dropped the anchor chain at Plymouth Harbor. When the immigrants landed in a small boat, according to the ancient sailing tradition, they first boarded a big rock towering above the sea. The salute on may flower roared and people were buzzing, and * * * celebrated the beginning of a new life. Later, this reef was called "Plymouth Stone" and became the historical witness of the first permanent colony in New England.
However, for these immigrants who are eager for happiness, the first winter is not beautiful. The cold wind blowing from the Atlantic Ocean screams in the air like a devil, and the snow and ice all over the sky beat the humble houses mercilessly. In this world of ice and snow, immigrants lack the necessary equipment and experience of living in this land. Under the heavy pressure of busy work, many people are tired and sick, and the bad diet and unbearable cold make more people fall to the ground. Infectious diseases followed, claiming many lives. A winter passed, and only 50 of the 102 immigrants who came to America through hardships and dangers were left. Almost every day, people die, and almost every day, one or more families are doing funerals. The joy when I first set foot on this land is gone. Everyone's heart is shrouded in an unprecedented atmosphere of despair. A dream, a beautiful dream that has just begun, is it broken like this? Everyone is thinking.
Just as the immigrants were helpless and waiting for death, one morning the following spring, an Indian walked into Plymouth village. He introduced himself and said that he was sent by Indian chiefs from neighboring villages to inspect the situation. This is the first guest the immigrants received after they came to America. They poured out their origins and all kinds of untold sufferings to the guests. The Indian listened silently, showing infinite pity and sympathy on his face. Things took a turn for the better. A few days later, the Indian Ann took his chief Massasod into the houses of the immigrants. The chief is a generous and enthusiastic man. He extended a warm welcome to the immigrants and sent them many necessities as gifts. The most experienced and capable Indians were sent to teach the immigrants how to live in this land and teach them skills such as fishing, hunting, farming and raising turkeys.
This year, the weather was fine and the weather was good, with the guidance and help of Indians, the immigrants got a bumper harvest, finally overcame the difficulties of life and lived a stable and prosperous life. In the autumn of this year, Bradford, who has become the governor of Plymouth, issued a grand ceremony to thank God for his decision. This is the first Thanksgiving in history. Of course, he did not forget the real "God" who helped the immigrants solve problems-warm, hospitable and intelligent Indians, and specially invited Massasod and his Indians to attend the festival celebration.
The Indian readily accepted the invitation and sent five deer as gifts in advance. 1 1 One day at the end of the month, the immigrants gave a big banquet, and the tables were filled with game from the mountains and delicacies made from corn, pumpkin, bamboo shoots and turkey. The celebration lasted for three days. During the day, the host and the guest had a feast and chatted about their friendship. In the evening, there was a blazing spring fire on the grass. In the cool autumn wind, Indian boys danced, sang, wrestled and shot arrows with young people in Plymouth colony, and the atmosphere was very warm.
Today, in the eyes of Americans, Thanksgiving is more important than Christmas. First of all, it is a four-day holiday, which is enough for people to revel and celebrate. Secondly, it is also a traditional day for family reunion. During Thanksgiving, it has become a national custom for families who are scattered in other places to rush home for the holidays. In addition, the most important meal for Americans in a year is the Thanksgiving dinner. In the United States, a country with fast pace of life and fierce competition, the diet on weekdays is extremely simple. The popular world of American fast food is a good illustration. But on Thanksgiving night, every family has a big feast, and the abundance of goods is staggering. Turkey and pumpkin pie are necessary at the holiday table, from the president to the common people. These two "treasures" reflect the American people's memory of the hardships of our ancestors and the first Thanksgiving. Japanese mood. Therefore, Thanksgiving Day is also called "Turkey Day".
Although Thanksgiving Day is a day of family reunion, thousands of people still take time off to visit Plymouth Harbor and relive American history during the festival every year. Today, not only Americans celebrate Thanksgiving, but Canadians also regard it as a routine holiday. This may be because there are many descendants of British immigrants living in this vast land of Canada!
Thanksgiving food
Thanksgiving Day began in the autumn of 162 1 2008, involving British immigrants who came to America by Mayflower. In order to thank God for the bumper harvest, a three-day carnival was held. Since then, this custom has continued and gradually became popular everywhere. 1863, American President Lincoln officially declared Thanksgiving as a national holiday. At that time, family reunion and national celebration will be as grand and warm as the Spring Festival in China. On Thanksgiving Day, the whole country in the United States is very lively. Dress-up parades, theatrical performances and sports competitions are held everywhere in urban and rural towns, and schools and shops are also on holiday as required. Children also imitate the appearance of Indians in those days, put on bizarre costumes, paint faces or put on masks to sing and play the trumpet in the street. There were also many people in the church that day. According to the custom, people should pray for gratitude here. The United States has been used to living independently since childhood. Go your separate ways. And on Thanksgiving Day. They always strive to come back from all over the world, and the whole family sits around, munching delicious turkey and talking about the past, which makes people feel particularly cordial and warm. People far away from home are invited as guests. People also send food to those unfortunate people. Some local institutions, schools and churches collect food first and then put it into food baskets and distribute it to the poor. Some shopkeepers also give turkeys to employees and some regular customers.
It is worth mentioning that Thanksgiving food is very traditional. Every Thanksgiving, the United States must have a fat turkey to eat. Turkey is the traditional main course of the festival. It used to be a wild bird that lived in North America, but after being raised in large numbers, it became delicious poultry, each of which could weigh 40 to 50 pounds. There are still pig farms in some places, which are specially designed for people to shoot before Thanksgiving. Those who are interested can spend some money on the pig farms and get some wild turkeys home. Make the festival more interesting. There is also a certain emphasis on how to eat turkey. It needs to be baked whole, the chicken skin is baked dark brown, and a lot of mixed food, such as broken bread, is stuffed into its stomach. After serving on the table, the host sliced it with a knife and distributed it to everyone. Then each person pours the marinade and sprinkles the salt, which is very delicious.
Besides turkey, Thanksgiving food includes cranberry jam, sweet potato, corn, pumpkin pie, bread baked by ourselves, and various vegetables and fruits. These things are traditional food for Thanksgiving.
There is also a corn game that is very old. It is said that this was handed down to commemorate the fact that five corns were given to each immigrant in the case of food shortage. During the game. People hid five corns in the house, and everyone looked for them separately. Five people who found the corn took part in the competition, while others watched. At the beginning of the competition, five people quickly peeled corn kernels in a bowl, and whoever peeled them first won the prize. Then people who didn't participate in the competition gathered around the bowl to guess how many corn kernels were in it, and the prize with the closest guess was given to a careless popcorn.
On the traditional Thanksgiving table, roast turkey is an indispensable dish. In some big hotels, you can buy a turkey roasted in an authentic way for three or four hundred yuan, and it also includes traditional side dishes such as cabbage, mashed potatoes, dough, pickled apples and so on. If it's not a family dinner for many people, you can buy half of it, or buy processed turkey slices according to the popular practice, with food slices baked with bread, milk, eggs and chestnuts in the middle. The wonderful taste is indescribable, and you will only feel it if you experience it yourself. In addition to tasting delicious turkey in restaurants, we can also have a gourmet DIY at home and cook delicious Thanksgiving turkey ourselves.
Chinese Thanksgiving Turkey
You can cook delicious turkey in the oven at home. After thawing, turkeys under 20 pounds will be marinated with soy sauce, salt, sugar and some favorite ingredients at room temperature for one day, and it will take two days if they are placed in the refrigerator; First preheat the oven to 475 degrees Fahrenheit, bake it for 30 minutes, then take it out and turn it over for the turkey. Pour out the oil from the baking pan and bake it in the oven for 30 minutes. At this time, put the half-cooked glutinous rice with stuffing made of pineapple, ham, dried shrimp, etc. into the turkey belly, adjust the oven temperature to 450 degrees Fahrenheit, and smear some honey and marinade juice on the turkey surface, put it back in the oven for about 30 minutes, then turn over and smear the juice and bake for about 30 minutes. It is not easy to turn the turkey over, but only in this way will the turkey be evenly heated, and there will be juice in the meat and the faint sweetness of pineapple.
Traditional Thanksgiving Turkey
When Americans eat turkey, they usually stew it. Usually, the turkey is stuffed with all kinds of spices and mixed food, then wrapped in a barbecue bag and roasted whole. According to the recipe, a turkey of about 20 pounds should be roasted for 4 hours until it is completely cooked. The juice of the roast turkey will be used to make a thick meat sauce, accompanied by sweet cranberry jam, as a seasoning for the turkey.
Pumpkin soup
Ingredients: pumpkin 1 50g, broth 1 cup, 2 tablespoons of starch, beef paste 1 tablespoon, green cauliflower1flower, and 2 ~3 tender corn.
Practice: 1. Wash the pumpkin, remove the skin and seeds, and cut into small pieces; 2. Cauliflower and tender corn are cooked and chopped for later use; 3. Pour the stock and pumpkin into the blender and mix well; 4. Pour the beaten pumpkin juice into the pot, cook it with low fire for 8 minutes ~ 10 minutes, then add the beef paste and stir evenly; 5. Add starch and mix well, turn off the fire, sprinkle with broccoli and tender corn, and the delicious and nutritious vegetable pumpkin soup will be ready.
Thanksgiving turkey eating
Thanksgiving is a traditional festival in western countries, when we have a three-day holiday and have a family reunion. At the festival banquet, there is an indispensable special dish-"roast turkey". Why do you eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day? This starts with the origin of Thanksgiving. 1620, a group of Puritans who advocated reform in Britain withdrew from the state religion and became independent Protestants because their ideals and ambitions could not be realized, which aroused the hatred of British politicians. Unable to bear the persecution and discrimination of the rulers, these Puritans fled to the Netherlands first, and in early September, they sailed across the ocean to prepare for exile in the United States. The ship drifted in the rough sea for 65 days, and finally reached the east coast of the United States on 1 1 month, and landed in Provis, Rhode Island. At that time, it was still a desolate virgin land, and turkeys and other wild animals could be seen everywhere. It's the cold winter, and when they come to a strange place, they are short of clothes and food, and the harsh environment is threatening their lives. At this critical moment, the local Indians stripped them of food, daily necessities and production tools, and helped them build their own new homes.
After settling in a new home, these British people thanked the Indians who helped and supported them in times of crisis, and also thanked God for his "gift" to them. On the fourth Thursday of 1 1 month, they made the hunted turkey into delicious food, treated the Indians with hospitality and had a party with them. The celebration lasted for three days. Since then, every year on the fourth Thursday of 1 1 month, such a celebration will be held. In addition to hosting roast turkeys for Indians, sports competitions such as archery, running and wrestling will be held together, and songs and dances will be held around the bonfire at night to have fun. 194 1 year, the US Congress officially designated the fourth Thursday of 1 1 month as "Thanksgiving Day". Since then, this festival has become popular in western countries. So how is the turkey cooked?
Turkey is turkey, also known as seven-faced chicken. Originally wild, it has been domesticated as meat poultry. The whole body is covered with black, white and dark yellow feathers. The upper part of the head and neck is exposed, with red coral-like dermatoma and fleshy droop under the throat, and the color can change from red to purple. The tail feathers of male turkeys can be fanned out, and there is a bunch of hair balls on the chest. The weight of female turkeys is 8-9 kilograms, and the annual output of turkey eggs is 50-80, each egg weighs 20-80 grams. At present, the breeding varieties are mostly "bronze turkey" and "white turkey".
Turkey attracts people's attention because of its large size, rapid growth, strong disease resistance and high lean meat rate. It can be compared with meat chickens and is known as "meat making machine". Turkey is not only tender and light in meat, but also has the advantages of "one high and two low" in nutritional value. One is high protein content, which is above 30%; Erdi is considered as an ideal health food for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases abroad. At the same time, turkey is also a good food for nourishing qi and spleen. At present, many countries in the world replace beef, pork, mutton and duck with turkey.
Thanksgiving food menu
roast turkey
Ingredients: a turkey (about 16 lb), a bundle of spices (including carrots, onions, celery, cinnamon leaves and thyme) 200g, chestnuts 300g, chicken liver and chicken gizzards 450g, 6 slices of bread, and a pot of chicken broth (practice: chicken bones about 2kg, and the last bundle of spices is added for stew).
Seasoning: pepper salt15g, red onion 25g, red wine 60ml, tomato paste150g.
Practice: 1. Chicken liver, chestnuts and bread slices (cut edges, soaked in 80㏄ milk) are sauteed with red onion, and then some chicken stock is added to stew until chestnuts are boiled, then thyme and red wine are added, and the juice is boiled to dryness over medium heat to obtain the filling. 2. Stew tomato paste and chicken stock for 40 minutes to make sauce, and then add chicken gizzards to make turkey sauce. 3. Wash the turkey, fill the belly with spices, fill the stuffing, sprinkle pepper salt on the skin, and bake in the oven at 350℃ for about 90 minutes (take it out at about 40 minutes, and wrap the chicken body with aluminum foil paper for further baking). 4. Cut the cranberry sauce into pieces (about 3g) with a length of 3cm and a thickness of 0.5cm.. 5. Take out the roasted turkey and put it on a decorated plate, drizzle with 2. Turkey sauce, and serve with red wine.
Pumpkin Soup
250 grams of pumpkin. Peel and pulp the pumpkin, clean and cut into small pieces, add 500 ml of water into the pot, cook until the pumpkin is cooked, and add seasoning. Drink soup and eat melon, take it in the morning and evening 1 time. This soup has the effect of reducing blood sugar and quenching thirst, and diabetics can take it often.
Skewered turkey
Materials:
200 grams of turkey breast [7 ounces /5.5 ounces] [cut into pieces], 2 canned pineapples [drained and cut into pieces], and 2 tomatoes [cut into pieces].
Marinade, black bean juice 1 tablespoon, panda brand fresh oyster sauce 1 tablespoon, oil 1 teaspoon.
Practice:
1. Turkey and marinade mix well.
2. String turkey, pineapple and tomato on barbecue sticks or bamboo sticks at intervals, and put them in a preheating oven at 200 degrees Celsius.
Vegetable Salad
Features:
Sour lemon juice and mustard are two kinds of seasonings with strong flavor, but the combination with rich black olives and crispy bacon gives this salad a refreshing and fragrant taste. This kind of smoked bacon can be bought in Italy and most supermarkets.
Materials:
125g chopped bacon, 10- 12 black kalamata olives, a romain lettuce, a radicchio lettuce (purple), 50ml olive oil, 2 tablespoons lemon juice, garlic, 1ml mustard and black pepper.
Practice:
Simply tear the pancetta bacon into pieces, lay it flat in a small frying pan and heat it on low heat. After 5-7 minutes, the bacon will become dark and crisp. Take it out and put it on a napkin to control oil and water The cooked bacon can be stored in the refrigerator for more than 2 days. Then slice the black olives.
Wash the lettuce, tear it into large pieces and put it in a big basin. If it is not used for the time being, seal it and put it in the refrigerator. Mix olive oil, lemon juice, garlic and mustard, then sprinkle on black olives. This seasoning can last for 2 to 3 hours at room temperature. Mix salad juice and lettuce evenly before serving, then sprinkle with bacon and black pepper.
Thanksgiving custom
Presidential turkey release ceremony
The annual presidential turkey release ceremony began in 1947 when President Truman was in power, but in fact this traditional ceremony can be traced back to the American Civil War when President Lincoln was in power. /kloc-one day in 0/863, Lincoln's son Ted suddenly broke into the cabinet meeting and asked for pardon for a pet turkey named Jack, because this turkey, which was sent to the White House, was about to become people's Christmas dinner.
2006 1 1 22, Washington, USA, President Bush pardoned a turkey named "Flyer" at the Thanksgiving release ceremony held in the Rose Garden of the White House.
On October 20th, 20071/kloc-0, Bush held the annual national Thanksgiving turkey release ceremony. These two turkeys are called "May" and "Flower" respectively, which means "may flower" when the Puritans came to the New World.