1. Cuttings, seedlings and transplanting
Artemisia trichosanthes starts to germinate when the daily average temperature is about 4.5℃, and the optimal temperature for the growth of young stems is the daily average temperature of 12-18℃. Stems age rapidly above 20°C. In Nanjing, open-field wild artemisia generally begins to germinate in spring in mid-February, and its vegetative growth accelerates significantly from early April to late April. This is the peak period for the open-field wild artemisia to enter the market. The plants are basically finalized in mid-August and bloom in mid-to-late September.
After heavy frost in mid-December, the above-ground parts will die. Cuttings are carried out from July to August. Premature cuttings have insufficient tissue, small nutrient accumulation, poor growth of new shoots after cutting, many stolons with many branches, poor uniformity of spring bean sprouts, and many ineffective plants. Cutting plants too late will have insufficient growth period, which will also affect the yield in the next spring.
Use unharvested Artemisia stalks with a stem diameter of more than 1 cm in the field and cut them into 15-20 cm cuttings. They must be free of diseases and insect pests, and the axillary buds have not germinated. 1 to 2 plump buds. Plant the plants in a square with a spacing of 30 cm between rows, and insert them diagonally into the soil with the top exposed 1 to 2 cm above the ground. There are about 5,000 plants per 667 square meters.
Under general management levels, 1,000 basic seedlings can be maintained per square meter in the following spring, and 500,000 basic seedlings can be obtained per 667 square meters, with a yield of 500 kilograms. Practice has proved that if the cutting density of double plants is too high, the spring wormwood will be slender and the product quality will be poor. ?
After the Qingming Festival, choose unharvested wormwood in the open field. When the seedling height is more than 10 cm, dig up the roots and plant them, and plant them on the border according to the aforementioned plant-row spacing. If the stubble is tight, it can be postponed to May to June, but pruning near the ground should be carried out after planting. This method takes a little longer to occupy, but it has a root system, strong growth potential, better early maturity, and higher yield. And it can be cut and covered after autumn, so that it can be marketed in late autumn and early winter of that year.
If you want to transplant seedlings, you can pick the mature flower heads from the end of October to the beginning of November when the inflorescences turn white in the field, dry them in the sun and rub them to get the seeds. In the next spring, around Qingming Festival and until the summer solstice, mix each gram of seeds with about 5 kilograms of river soil and mix thoroughly;
Put a spoonful every 20 cm square on the seedbed, spread it slightly, and the moisture in the seedbed can be seen. It is better to be dry and wet, and the seedlings will emerge in about 10 days. After 40 days, the seedlings will be planted in the field when they are 10 cm tall.
2. Overwintering in the open field
The above-ground part of Artemisia trichosanthes can withstand light frost, and the plants will gradually wither at temperatures below -5°C. From mid-November to mid-December, after the first frost, cut off the above-ground part 1 cm above the ground. Clean the border. Apply green fertilizer again, applying 1,500 kilograms of farmyard manure, or 25 to 30 kilograms of urea, or 40 to 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. It is best to use organic fertilizers in conjunction with chemical fertilizers.
However, it should be noted that covering the compound fertilizer after application can easily cause ammonia poisoning, so it is appropriate to use urea combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer instead. Water thoroughly after fertilizing. Rake the loose border surface and cover it with mulch after 20 to 30 days. About 9 to 10 kilograms of mulch film is required for every 667 square meters. In about 10 days, young buds will emerge one after another.
There is not much management work after the film coating. The main task is to clear the local film area of ????water after rain, and sweep the snow in the border area into the ditch after snow, so as to avoid lowering the ground temperature after melting snow and affecting growth.
3. Early-maturing cultivation of Artemisia annua
Artificial open-field cultivation of Artemisia annua is usually launched in early April. After April, the temperature rises rapidly, the harvest period is short, and the yield is low. Around the Spring Festival, the market demand is large and the selling price is high. If measures to increase temperature and heat preservation are adopted to advance the germination period of Artemisia trichosanthes, the harvest period will be extended, the yield will be increased, and the income will be greatly increased.
1. Methods of planting: Artemisia annua mainly reproduces vegetatively and can be planted from May to August. There are mainly three methods:
(1). In early May, in Select the remaining seed plots, dig up the roots of the plants, and plant them in divisions, with 2 to 3 plants per hole. The spacing between rows and plants is 50 × 45 cm. About 25,000 holes can be planted per 667 square meters, 667 square meters. Artemisia can be planted in a large field of 6,670 square meters.
(2) In late June (before the plum rain), the top young shoots of the semi-lignified stems can be cut off, and trenches can be dug with a row spacing of 30 to 35 cm, a depth of 5 to 7 cm, and planted horizontally. In the ditch, 2 to 3 knots should be exposed on the ground. The covering soil should be stepped on tightly, compacted, and watered enough.
(3) In autumn, in mid-to-late August, cut off the strong growing plants, cut off the lignified parts at the top and base, and cut the selected sections into 15-20 cm segments, with a row spacing of 25 cm. Dig a trench with a depth of 5 to 7 cm. Bury small sections in the trench with a spacing of 5 to 7 cm between plants. 1/3 of the soil should be exposed on the ground. Cover the soil tightly, pour enough water, and cover it with a sunshade net or straw to keep the soil moist. Hair roots.
2. Coverage is usually carried out in early to mid-December, and the earliest is mid-to-late November. Before covering, cut off the above-ground parts of the plants, remove dead branches and leaves in the field, lightly loosen the soil, topdress 20 kilograms of urea, or 40 to 50 kilograms of compound fertilizer per 667 square meters, pour enough water, and cover it with film after 7 days. The border surface is covered with mulching film and can be harvested in 40 to 50 days.
4. Softening treatment
When the above-ground stems of the plant reach 7 to 8 cm high and the stem diameter is 0.4 to 0.5 cm, cut them all up and then soften them. The artemisia seedlings that are about to be harvested are piled up, covered with straw, watered every 3 to 5 hours, and covered with film. After 2 to 4 days, the stems soften and become tender and crisp, and the old leaves can be removed and put on the market.
Extended information:
Artemisia is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Asteraceae family and the genus Artemisia. The seeds, roots and stems of Artemisia can be propagated. It mostly grows on waterside banks or swamps, and wild species are widely distributed in Northeast, North, and Central China
As early as the Ming Dynasty, citizens of Nanjing began to eat wild Artemisia. In the early 1990s, attempts were made to cultivate artificial cultivation of mugwort, which has been widely cultivated in Caidian, Hubei and other places;
The tender stems of mugwort are edible and are crisp, tender, spicy and unique in flavor. They are a well-known excellent vegetable;
The main varieties cultivated in the Jiangnan area are Artemisia with small leaves and green stems, Artemisia with green stems and Artemisia with small leaves and red stems. Among them, Artemisia with green stems has the best quality. The young stems and leaves of Artemisia can be eaten cold or stir-fried. Pickled rhizomes.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Artemisia lucidum