Soapwood trees have been seen in many areas in China, so do you know what the prospects are for planting them? Below is the prospect analysis of saponaria tree planting that I compiled for you. I hope it will be useful to you.

Analysis of the prospects for the planting of saponaria trees

Firstly, saponaria has been in a state of self-destruction in history. The good garden landscape effect created by the large saponaria trees entering the city has made the status of At present, a large sapodilla tree with a diameter at breast height of 50 cm has been sold in the countryside for more than 10,000 yuan. The temptation of huge profits has caused great damage to the native sapodilla tree resources in the countryside and is on the verge of extinction.

Secondly, the artificial cultivation of Chinese saponins has only occurred in the past ten years. The earliest artificial cultivation of saponins in Song County was only about 7 years ago. Compared with economic forest varieties such as apples and other economic forest species, saponins have been cultivated since Variety selection, seed collection, seedling cultivation, afforestation, pruning, disease and pest control, etc. are all in their infancy.

Third, the domestic cultivation of saponin is basically in a state of mass voluntary development. Unlike economic forests such as apples, chestnuts, ginkgo, and citrus, which often have large-scale development plans and strong economic support policies from local governments, the total cultivation volume is very small. . Taking Song County as an example, whichever village has a profitable saponaria tree can drive a small amount of development in nearby villagers. In addition, rural land is divided into three and nine levels, and the contracted land assigned to each household is too sporadic. Often the area of ??a single plot contracted by a farmer is between 2 minutes and 1 mu. He needs to grow saponins in his contracted land. Trees, but also take into account the reactions of surrounding neighbors.

Fourth, scientific and technological progress has led to the further expansion of the uses and demand for saponin products. The thorns, fruits, seeds, and trunks of Saponaria saponica all have high utilization value, which is equivalent to having a few boats on their feet, and they have a strong ability to resist risks.

For example, the acupuncture of Saponaria locust was mainly used to treat carbuncles, sores, scabies, tinea sores, retained fetal membranes, etc. In recent years, it has been used as the main anti-cancer and cancer-suppressing traditional Chinese medicine, and clinical trials have shown miraculous effects. It is very obvious and has few side effects. It is one of the commonly used medicinal materials in traditional Chinese medicine to treat various cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer.

At present, there is a shortage of goods and high prices in the international market; saponins and saponins are rich in pancreatic saponins and are natural raw materials for medicines, foods, preserved peppers, cosmetics and detergents; saponins seeds can be consumed Jihua food is appetizing and contains a kind of vegetable gum (guar gum), which is an important strategic raw material and can be used to replace imports; the young leaves of the saponaria tree can also be eaten by people and can also be used as feed for livestock; the saponin is thick and dense The branches and leaves and the tall, straight and graceful figure have become the new favorite of urban greening. The good garden landscape effect created by the large Chinese honey locust trees in the city doubles their identity.

Saponaria locust also has many other important and potential development and utilization values. It is a multifunctional ecological and economical native tree species that can be widely used to create windbreak and sand-fixing forests, soil and water conservation forests, urban and rural landscape forests, and industrial raw materials. Forests, woody medicinal forests, etc.

Sea locust tree cultivation and management technology

1 Cultivate strong seedlings

The propagation method of saponaria tree is seed propagation. Because the seed coat of honey locust is thick and hard and has poor water permeability, germination treatment is required before sowing to increase the germination rate of the seeds.

1.1 Seed stratification treatment

Soak the seeds in water in late autumn and early winter, change the water once a day, take them out after 7 days and mix them with wet sand, and then store them. During the storage period Pay attention to turning it frequently to balance the temperature and humidity.

1.2 Soaking seeds

Generally, 5 days before sowing, put the honey locust seeds into a container, pour in 100℃ boiling water and stir until it is not hot to the touch. Cover the mouth of the container tightly and soak for 1 day. Remove the swollen seeds floating on the surface for germination. Use the above method to soak the unswollen seeds below. After most of the seeds are swollen, they can be mixed with sand to accelerate germination.

1.3 Germination treatment

Use cleaned and high-temperature sterilized sand to make a sand bed 2cm flat in the leeward and sunny place. The moisture content of the sand is about 65%. Spread the seeds evenly on the sand bed, then sprinkle a 2cm thick layer of loose sand on the seeds, use bamboo poles and plastic film to make a small shed, and sow the seeds after they germinate.

1.4 Sowing

It is best to sow in spring, usually in early May. The seeding rate is about 200kg for 667m2. Choose sandy loam soil with fertile soil, flat terrain, easy irrigation, and good drainage.

Open a 1.3m wide high border, apply 3000~5000kg of organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to 667m2, dig trenches with a row spacing of 33cm, a trench depth of 8cm, then sow seeds with a plant spacing of 5cm, and a covering soil thickness of 3~4cm.

1.5 Seedling management

During the seedling emergence period, keep the seedbed moist, loosen the topsoil lightly in time, and avoid turning the soil to avoid damaging the seeds and germs. When the seedlings grow to about 10cm, the seedlings are planted, and the spacing between plants is 10~15cm. According to the weather and seedling growth conditions, 100kg of human manure or 10kg of urea should be applied to 667m2. Topdressing should be done every half month. Topdressing should be stopped in early August to facilitate the lignification of the seedlings. Also pay attention to preventing and controlling foliar pests. The height of the seedlings that year can reach 50~150cm and can be used for afforestation in the nursery. Or transplant at a row spacing of 0.5m to 0.5m in late autumn, and reforestation after 2 to 3 years.

2 Afforestation

2.1 Afforestation time

Afforestation can be carried out in both spring and autumn, but afforestation in autumn and winter is better.

　2.2 Soil preparation

Before planting seedlings, hole-shaped soil preparation should be carried out according to the size of the seedlings. The hole specifications are 30cm? 30cm? 20cm, or 60cm? 60cm? 40cm.

　2.3 Density

The spacing between rows of plants is 2m?2 m, 2 m?1.5 m, 2 m?1m, 1.5 m?1 m, 1 m?1 m, depending on your own The density is determined based on the actual situation. The greater the density, the higher the amount of thorns collected per unit area, and the better the economic benefits, but it is also more difficult to manage. After 3 to 5 years, when the canopy is transferred between the plants, consideration may be given to thinning out the dense ones and leaving them thin to ensure ventilation and light transmission in the forest, improve the yield and quality of saponaria thorns, and also facilitate mechanical operations between rows.

2.4 Planting

Before planting, properly prune the roots of the seedlings. When planting, you should "bury three times, step on the seedlings three times and lift the seedlings once", that is, straighten the seedlings. When the soil is buried to the rhizosphere, gently lift the seedlings with your hands to stretch the roots, and then step on them firmly. After planting, water the roots thoroughly and cover them with a layer of soil.

3 Field management

3.1 Cultivating and weeding

After the saponin seedlings are transplanted and survive, choose a sunny day to loosen the soil and weed in time. Loose soil should be shallow but not deep to avoid damaging the root system of seedlings. Loosening the topsoil to allow sunlight to penetrate can increase ground temperature and promote root growth of seedlings. During the seedling cultivation period, cultivating and weeding are carried out four times a year, in April, June, August and October.

3.2 Fertilization

According to the soil nutrient status and tree species characteristics, fertilizers should be selected reasonably. The general ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 3:2:1. It is advisable to apply base fertilizer before planting, and then topdress 3 to 4 times a year. The main methods are furrow application and broadcast application. Be careful not to get too close to the root system. Can be combined with cultivating and weeding at the same time.

3.3 Plastic pruning

In the young stage of the saponaria tree, the branches should be shaped and pruned to make the tree structure and shape reasonable, which can control the growth and development of the branches and balance the tree vigor. Ensure ventilation and light transmission to achieve the goals of premature, prolific, stable and high-quality production. Combined with plastic pruning, it is also necessary to timely cut off the upright and leggy branches at the top, and at the same time, cut off the autumn shoots at the top of the branches in time, which can effectively improve the yield and quality of saponaria, thereby increasing economic benefits.

Currently in production, there are mainly high-stem shapes, medium-stem shapes, low-stem shapes and cluster shapes.

3.3.1 High stem shape. The trunk is 150cm high, with 3 to 4 main branches staggered on the trunk, at an angle of 50° to the trunk, and the main branches are 80cm long. Choose about 3 side branches on each main branch.

3.3.2 Medium dry shape. The stem height is 100~130cm, the total number of cultivated main branches is 3~5, and about 3 side branches are selected on each main branch.

3.3.3 Low dry shape. The trunk height is 60~80cm, and the total number of cultivated main branches is 5~7. Select 3 to 4 side branches on each main branch.

3.3.4 Cluster shape. There is basically no main trunk, with a fixed trunk of 40cm, cultivate 3 to 5 main branches with good growth and suitable angles, and cultivate an appropriate number of side branches on the main branches.

3.4 Pest and disease control

3.4.1 Silviculture control. Strengthen tending and management to enhance the tree's stress resistance; when there are pests and diseases, it is necessary to prune properly and promptly remove dead branches and fallen leaves damaged by pests and diseases to reduce the sources of pests and diseases; interplant dwarf economic plants such as peanuts, beans, medicinal materials, etc. to increase the number of trees. Biodiversity to prevent pests and diseases.

3.4.2 Drug prevention and treatment. The main pests of the saponaria tree include the saponaria bean weevil and the saponaria tree heartworm, which can be controlled by spraying dichlorvos 1,200 times. The main diseases of saponaria trees include anthracnose, damping off, powdery mildew, brown spot, etc. During the onset of anthracnose, 1:1:100 Bordeaux liquid can be sprayed, and during the onset of blight, powdery mildew, and brown spot, 800 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder can be applied.