The two Han Dynasty, "Han inherited the Qin system", the monarch's title gradually institutionalized, and has been continued for more than 2,000 years, "Empress" as the emperor's wife, not only sh
The two Han Dynasty, "Han inherited the Qin system", the monarch's title gradually institutionalized, and has been continued for more than 2,000 years, "Empress" as the emperor's wife, not only shouldered the responsibility of succession, but also shouldered the auxiliary son of heaven and the power to control the emperor's harem. The "Empress" as the emperor's wife not only shouldered the responsibility of passing on the family name, but also shouldered the responsibility of assisting the emperor and the power of the emperor's harem. "As a member of the imperial family during the Han Dynasty, the title of "Empress" has gradually evolved into an institutionalized one.
Traditional Chinese culture emphasizes etiquette and tradition, and the study of the title "Empress" is also very concerned about the hierarchical order of the "Empress" title not only highlights the dignity of the royal family, but also demonstrates the Han Dynasty's orderly
Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the title "Empress" has been used throughout the ages.
"Appellation" is the identity label that reflects the relationship between people in their daily lives, used to identify the order of the relationship between the eldest and youngest, the inferiority and superiority of the order, with the continuous development of society and change, the two Han Dynasty for the "Empress" of the title has also been changed, according to historical records, the Han Dynasty, the Queen, the Queen, the Queen's name is also changed. With the continuous development and change of society, the title of "Empress" in the Han Dynasty also changed. According to historical records, the title of the Han Dynasty involved a number of aspects, "Empress" is the wife of the emperor, and the emperor enjoys the same supreme political status, "Empress" title also reflects the social ideology of the two Han Dynasty.
1, the Empress - the emperor's first wife
"Empress" is generally used in very formal occasions, in the Qin Dynasty, there has been the term "Empress", "Empress", "Empress", "Empress", "Empress", "Empress", "Empress", "Empress" and "Empress".
The term "empress" is generally used for very formal occasions, and during the Qin Dynasty, there was already the term "empress", and according to history, before the Han Dynasty, there was already the term "empress" or "empress", but their husbands were not the monarchs. As history continues to develop, the title of the king's wife appeared "consort", "queen" and other words, it can be seen in the Han Dynasty before the word "queen" is not exclusive use by the ruling class.
According to historical records, the emperor of the Qin dynasty, Ying Zheng, as the supreme ruler of the Qin dynasty, did not have an "empress", and in China's more than 2,000 years of feudal authoritarian society, history was the first "empress", and the first "empress" was Liu Bang, the first "empress" of the Qin dynasty. "
After the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Liu Bang, the first queen of the Han Dynasty was Lu Qiang, who was called "Empress Lu" by the later generations.
Western Han Dynasty, "Empress" a **** there are 18, the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Empress" a **** there are 22, according to the history books, Han Wudi's Mrs. Li, in the death of Han Wudi. After the death of Emperor Wu, Mrs. Li was additionally honored as "Empress Xiaowu", and Emperor Hengdi of Han Dynasty, after assuming the throne, additionally honored his own grandmother as "Empress Xiaomu". The emperor's mother was called the Empress Dowager, the grandmother was called the Empress Dowager, the first was called Empress, and the concubines were all called Mrs.".
This shows that the origin of the word "empress", in a variety of historical records, have been in the empress of the title, in front of the family name, such as the "Historical Records", "Han Shu" and the "Book of the Later Han" historical sources have recorded, "Empress "
The Empress is the highest representative of women's rights in the Han Dynasty, and a symbol of women's highest social authority.
2, the Queen Mother - the emperor's mother
In the two Han Dynasty, there is also a title on behalf of the aristocratic status symbol that is "Queen Mother If the emperor was a successor, his biological mother could not be called the "Empress Dowager", and the "Empress" could only be called the "Empress Dowager" after her husband's death. Empress Dowager".
The "Empress Dowager" also called herself "Mourner", where "Mourner" meant the death of her predecessor, but in any case, whether "Empress" or "Empress", the "Empress" or "Empress" was not the same as the "Empress". "Empress" or "Empress Dowager", from the literal meaning of the title to understand, "after" means to be behind the emperor, no matter what to do is the " Emperor" is the most honorable, so in their titles are added after the word "after".
1, the world's mother - the mother of a country
"the world's mother" title comes from "the world's father". The rulers of the two Han periods governed the "family" and the "state" together as a way to show off the authority of the imperial family, and the "concept of the family and the state" of the rulers' "benevolence and righteousness", and the "concept of the family and the state" of the rulers. The concepts of "family" and "state" were fully utilized by the rulers.
The idea of "one family, one parent" was widely spread, and in the book "Hongfan", it was written : "the world as the parents of the people, for the king of the world, the saint took the class to the right name, and said that the king is the parents, the bright benevolent love and virtue, the king of the road of the original also". ", emperor as "the world's father", the empress as "the world's mother", is the embodiment of the two Han period of the autocratic system of kings, according to the historical record : According to the historical record: "The empress is the same as the emperor, and she is the mother of heaven and earth, and the mother of the world", as the "mother of the world", "the empress" should have
And the "Queen" as the "Mother of the world" should have the "Mother of the world" temperament.
And has a noble status and should bear the "Empress" duties, "Empress" to always maintain the "maternal virtues", not only to do the emperor's harem model, but also to do the whole world women's model. But also do the whole world women's model, each was established as the "Empress" of the consort, are "motherly" virtue, of course, there is no lack of virtue and was deposed because of the lack of virtue "Empress
2, ministers - mother and son, ruler and minister
In the court, "emperor" and "empress" marriage relationship, "the emperor" and "empress", "the emperor" and "empress". "
Marriage between the emperor and the empress is more of a political relationship,
Dependence on the power of the relatives, the "empress" identity of the special, in the husband and wife, mother and son, there are also called "minister"
For example, Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, addressed his mother, Empress Lu, as "minister".
According to historical records, when Liu Ying learned that Empress Lu had persecuted the King of Zhao and what she had done to Mrs. Qi, he said to the Empress : "This is not a human being, and I am the son of the Empress Dowager, but I can't rule the world," as an emperor, Liu Ying called his mother "minister". "minister", the reason is multi-faceted, one may be due to the strong character of Empress Lu as well as at that time Empress Lu listen to the government, so that Han Huidi Liu Ying dare not make a mistake, the second is that Liu Ying character benevolent, weak, simple-minded, and Empress Lu's character contrast, more filial piety to his mother and Empress, and the third is because of the knowledge of Empress Lu all the murderous and decisive, the Too much killing of courtiers, so that Liu Ying chilled to his mother.
This "mother and son", "king and subject" relationship can be seen, the Han Dynasty, most of the emperor by the relatives, courtiers or mother in power, although respected by the people, but not real power, more like a pose, the emperor is subject to others. The emperor groveled to the "empress dowager", the empress dowager had a significant impact on the court's decision-making, and then the emperor for the "empress dowager" invariably produced a sense of awe.
During the Han Dynasty, there were many other titles related to the "Empress", such as the residence of the Empress, and people related to the Empress, such as relatives, foreigners, and so on, which will be explained below.
1, the two Han dynasty empress residence title
According to historical records, pepper room hall is the empress of the residence, from the two Han dynasty palace building site layout can be seen, pepper room hall is in the palace complex in one of the larger buildings, the Han dynasty, "pepper", "pepper", "pepper", "pepper", "pepper", "pepper", "pepper" and "pepper". strong> "Pepper" as a plant representative of the prolongation of the heir,
"Empress" for the "emperor" to extend the heir, which is not only related to the emperor whether the continuation of the flame, but also related to the stability of the country's grain, if the emperor does not have an heir, it is easy to lead to in order to scramble for the throne and cause turmoil, Therefore, in order to sit well "Empress" position, for the "Emperor" to extend the heir is very important, Han Dynasty period, "Empress" live in the palace with pepper coating house, also on the
2, the two Han dynasty empress relatives of the title
Empress of the relatives of the more known as "relatives", "outside the family" or "pepper room home". "House of Pepper Room", "Relatives of Pepper Room", etc., and "Foreign Relatives" was the most used title, these "Foreign Relatives These "foreign relatives" played different roles in different periods of the Han Dynasty, and "foreign relatives" included not only the relatives of the "Empress", but also the mother's family of the "Empress".
In the "Empress" period, the "foreign relatives" included not only the relatives of the "Empress" but also the mother's family.
In the "Records of the Grand Historian", there is a "family of relatives" chapter, in the "Book of Han", there is a "biography of the relatives", in the Han Dynasty, the phenomenon of the "relative dictatorship" occurred, the most representative of the emergence of several times, such as Empress Dowager Lv's period, the period of Huo Guang, the period of Wang Mang, the several times, the "relative dictatorship" phenomenon, the most representative of the emergence of a few times.
"Relative power" is not only a struggle for power among the various families of relatives in the two Han dynasties, but also reflects the closely related relationship between imperial power and "relative power" . The "relatives" to a certain extent can play a stabilizing role in the national political situation of the Han Dynasty, but also may play a chaotic role, therefore, the "relatives" of the two Han Dynasty court had a huge impact on the people of the Han Dynasty period "relatives" are also praise and criticism of the "relatives" of the Han Dynasty.
In summary, there are many titles for "Empress" in the two Han dynasties, and the title "Empress" is mostly used in formal occasions, and the term "Empress" has been used until the Qing Dynasty. Since the Han Dynasty, the term "Empress" has been used until the Qing Dynasty, it can be seen that the title "Empress" throughout the history of China for more than 2,000 years, and now "Empress", "Mother of the World" and so on are all empresses, from these titles, it can also be seen that the "Empress" is a very important part of the history of China. It can also be seen that the "Empress" is more a reflection of its high status, but also more of a reflection of the "Empress" to assist the Emperor, the mother of the world's demeanor, as well as the "Empress" for the Harem The "Empress" is the head of the harem, and the rights and responsibilities of the "six palaces".
1, "two Han empress appellation initial exploration"
2, "Three Kingdoms Zhi & gt; appellation word study"
3, "on the ancient Chinese appellation research"
4, "pre-Qin and two Han female music study"
4, "". Pre-Qin and Han Women's Music Studies
4.
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