If you have acne, do not squeeze it with your hands. This will cause the hair follicles to expand and the skin to become rough. When you need to squeeze out acne and blackheads, be sure to use a sterilized suction device and wash your hands. In order to reduce irritation to the face, try to use neutral hair liquid when washing your hair, and avoid wet hair covering your face after washing.

Pay attention to your diet, eat more vegetables of all kinds, and less fatty and greasy foods. Sugar, smoking, and drinking alcohol can also easily induce the formation of acne and should be controlled. People with oily skin should wash their face with neutral soap at least three times a day to reduce the accumulation of oil on the face. Sulfur soap is the best, ordinary soap is also acceptable, but scented soap and acidic soap are not suitable.

Acne is a chronic skin disease that occurs in the pilosebaceous glands. It occurs due to various factors, but the most direct factor is clogged pores. After the pores are clogged, the oil in the hair follicles cannot be discharged, and more and more oil accumulates, forming small pimples. This is how acne occurs.

You can usually see a white or black top on acne, which are whiteheads and blackheads. You can also squeeze out some white secretions, which are the oil accumulated in the pores. If the pores are not clogged, acne will not appear easily. Because the hair follicle opening is blocked, the hair follicle lumen is narrow, forming a hypoxic state, causing a large number of anaerobic bacteria in the hair follicle to proliferate, resulting in a microbial imbalance. The human body activates inflammatory mediators and the acne turns red, which is what we often call acne. Extended information:

Acne

1. Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit. It mainly occurs in teenagers and has a great impact on teenagers' psychology and social life. However, it can often be relieved or cured naturally after puberty. The clinical manifestations are characterized by polymorphic skin lesions such as comedones, papules, pustules, and nodules, which commonly occur on the face.

2. The occurrence of acne is closely related to factors such as excessive sebum secretion, blockage of pilosebaceous gland ducts, bacterial infection, and inflammatory response. After entering puberty, the level of androgens, especially testosterone, in the human body increases rapidly, promoting the development of sebaceous glands and producing a large amount of sebum.

3. At the same time, abnormal keratinization of the pilosebaceous gland ducts causes blockage of the ducts, obstruction of sebum discharge, and the formation of keratin plugs, which are micro-acne. A variety of microorganisms, especially Propionibacterium acnes, multiply in the hair follicles. The lipase produced by Propionibacterium acnes decomposes sebum to generate free fatty acids, and at the same time chemoattracts inflammatory cells and mediators, ultimately inducing and aggravating the inflammatory response.

4. Skin lesions tend to occur on the face and upper chest and back. Non-inflammatory lesions of acne manifest as open and closed comedones. The typical skin lesions of closed comedones (also known as whiteheads) are skin-colored papules about 1 mm in size without obvious hair follicle openings. Open comedones (also called blackheads) appear as dome-shaped papules with significantly dilated hair follicle openings. The further development of acne will evolve into various inflammatory skin lesions.

5. Manifested as inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules and cysts. Inflammatory papules are red and vary in diameter from 1 to 5 mm; pustules are uniform in size and filled with white pus; nodules are larger than 5 mm in diameter and are hard and painful to touch; cysts are deeper and filled with pus and blood mixture.

6. These skin lesions can also merge to form large inflammatory plaques and sinus tracts. After the inflammatory skin lesions subside, pigmentation, persistent erythema, and depressed or hypertrophic scars are often left behind. Clinically, acne is divided into grades 3 and 4 based on the nature and severity of acne lesions: Grade 1 (mild): only acne; Grade 2 (moderate): in addition to acne, there are some inflammatory papules; 3 Grade (moderate): In addition to acne, there are more inflammatory papules or pustules; Grade 4 (severe): In addition to acne, inflammatory papules and pustules, there are nodules, cysts or scars.

7. Based on the characteristics of juvenile onset, skin lesions distributed on the face, chest and back, and mainly manifesting as whiteheads, blackheads, inflammatory papules, pustules and other polymorphic skin lesions, it is easy to diagnose clinically, usually No other tests are required. Sometimes it needs to be differentiated from rosacea, facial disseminated miliary lupus, sebaceous adenoma, etc.

8. Wash your face with warm water once or twice a day to clean the skin. Avoid squeezing or scratching the skin with your hands. Avoid using oils, powder cosmetics and ointments and creams containing glucocorticoids.

9. Commonly used methods for acne treatment: topical retinoic acid (tretinoin cream, adapalene gel, tazarotene gel), benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, etc.), azelaic acid, sulfur lotion, etc.

10. Tetracyclines (minocycline, doxycycline, etc.) are the first choice for oral antibiotics, followed by macrolides (erythromycin). Avoid antibiotics commonly used to treat systemic infections such as Levofloxacin, etc. The course of antibiotic treatment is usually 6 to 12 weeks. Oral Isotretinoin For severe acne, oral isotretinoin is the standard treatment and is currently the most effective method of treating acne. The course of treatment aims to achieve a minimum cumulative dose of 60 mg/kg.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia of Acne