When blood potassium increases, the difference between intracellular and extracellular K+ concentration decreases, and the K+ equilibrium potential decreases, leading to a decrease in the negative resting potential of the cell membrane and an increase in K+ conductance, which results in an increase in the permeability of the cell membrane to K+.

The most typical manifestation of hyperkalemia electrocardiogram is the towering T wave, which has characteristic changes and is related to the degree of elevated blood potassium. Generally, in the early stage when the serum potassium concentration is greater than 5.5 mmol/L, there is a T-wave with high sharp symmetry, shortened QT time, narrowed base and tenting. With further aggravation of hyperkalemia, when the serum potassium concentration is 7-8 mmol/L, there is a widening of the QRS wave cluster, a decrease in the amplitude, a gradual disappearance of P-wave morphology, and a prolongation of the P-R interval.

Precautions for hyperkalemia

1. Avoid eating foods or medicines with high potassium content, and avoid inputting stock blood, etc., so as not to further aggravate hyperkalemia.

2. Intravenous injection of calcium gluconate, calcium ions can counteract the damage of potassium ions to the myocardium and stabilize myocardial electrophysiology.

3, to promote the transfer of potassium ions to the cell, hyperkalemia patients can be injected intravenously glucose injection, at the same time adding a certain amount of insulin, also can be injected intravenously sodium bicarbonate injection, in order to promote the transfer of potassium ions to the cell, effectively reduce the peripheral blood potassium concentration.

The above content refers to? Baidu Encyclopedia-Hyperkalemia