①Selection of land. Choose a sandy loam soil close to the water source and rich in organic matter. Avoid continuous cropping, and should not be re-cropped with onions and garlic.
②Land preparation and fertilization. After the harvest of the previous crop in a timely manner tilling the sun, and then rake fine leveling, and soil treatment with 50% phoxim emulsion. Every 667 meters 2 to apply high quality stable fertilizer 4000 ~ 5000 kg, urea 30 ~ 50 kg or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 100 kg. Finally, according to the shape of the plot and drainage and irrigation conditions into 1 ~ 1.5 meters wide flat beds.
③Selection of seeds and seed garlic treatment. Select disease-free and injury-free garlic cloves, eliminate rotten garlic cloves, according to the large, medium and small divided into three levels. In order to facilitate the seed cloves to absorb water, rapid rooting, should be removed from the bottom of the seed cloves old stem disk. The day before sowing, soak the garlic seeds in water for 12 to 24 hours. Before sowing germination here are two germination methods: one is to remove the bottom disk germination. Soak the garlic in warm water for one day and one night before planting. Fish out the garlic bottom disk peeled off, so than not peeled off the bottom disk 7 to 8 days earlier than the seedlings. Secondly, peel the garlic skin to promote germination. The skin of the garlic cloves will be peeled off and planted, 12 days earlier than the non-peeled seedlings.
④Sowing. Sowing can be carried out from the end of August to early September. Because garlic is a shallow-rooted crop and the temperature is high at the time of sowing, the soil should be kept loose and moist and shaded with wheatgrass and other shade to reduce the temperature.
Sowed separately according to large, medium and small grades for easy management. When planting, plant spacing according to 3 ~ 3.5 cm × 3 ~ 3.5 cm furrow sowing, two rows at the same time into diagonal placement. Mulch 3 cm after sowing, use 400-450 kg of seed per 667 m2, about 500,000 plants. After sowing a layer of wheat bran in each row, both moisture retention, but also to prevent weeds.
⑤Field management
Pre-seedling: generally 10 to 15 days after sowing can be seeded. When the bottom moisture is sufficient, do not water before the emergence of seedlings, so as to avoid soil condensation, affecting the emergence of seedlings. When the bottom moisture is insufficient, you can shallowly water, and then loosen the soil, in order to facilitate the emergence of seedlings.
After the flush: after the seedlings are flush, shallow plowing once, and combined with watering 667 meters 2 to apply 30 kg of urea or 400 kg of human urine. Before the winter solstice, winter irrigation, so that it is safe to overwinter. The following spring, early watering water, at the same time every 667 m 2 urea 25 ~ 35 kg. According to the moisture every 7 to 10 days watering 1 time. Depending on the growth of garlic seedlings for foliar spraying 0.2% to 0.5% urea and 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, throughout the reproductive period, pay attention to timely pulling weeds.
Pest control: garlic seedlings less pests and diseases, mainly before and after the seedling is prone to garlic maggots, such as timely prevention and treatment will cause serious losses. Can be from the following aspects of the root maggot integrated control: application of fully rotted organic fertilizer. Cake fertilizer with 50% phoxim 800 times liquid or 90% trichlorfon 500 to 600 times liquid spray after application. After the emergence of seedlings, pay attention to plowing and loosening the soil, and control water appropriately. When garlic seedlings are first victimized, use 90% trichlorfon 500 to 600 times liquid or 80% dichlorvos 600 to 800 times liquid to pour the roots.
(2) garlic seedlings inverse season cultivation technology
①Break the dormancy of garlic to promote the method of germination
Low-temperature treatment method: garlic in the natural conditions of dormancy is longer, depending on the varieties, mostly for 3 to 5 months. The most effective measure to break the dormancy for the low-temperature treatment method, that is, after the harvest of garlic garlic, at a temperature of 2 ~ 5 ℃ conditions, the treatment of 30 ~ 40 days to break the dormancy, to promote germination.
First suppressed after the catalytic method: will be harvested to stay with the seed garlic, into the rain has not been 2 ~ 3 times the seed garlic chaff or rice chaff heap, or under the laying of 3 ~ 4 centimeters thick wheat chaff or rice chaff, a layer of garlic, and then a layer of chaff on the top of the cover, 7 ~ 10 layers of the continuous arrangement of storage, preservation, inhibition of germination. Or in the constant temperature cold storage storage garlic to the following year in late May to early June (small full to mango). Garlic removed with water soaked for a day and night, and then 2.5 to 7 mg / liter of gibberellin soaked seeds for 10 to 15 minutes, after drying germination and sowing, mulching sand, watering, mulching wheat straw to cool down. After the full seedling, it is necessary to do a good job of preventing drought and flooding. Garlic seedlings planted in this way can be marketed on the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day.
Hormone germination method: the garlic seed washed with water, and then 3 to 6 mg / liter of gibberellin soaked seeds for 10 minutes, drying well, in a cool ventilated place in the sand bed germination. Sand bed 1 meter wide, under the 3 ~ 4 cm thick sand, the garlic cloves set up, covered with 3 ~ 4 cm thick sand, can be set up continuously 5 ~ 7 layers. Bed after the first 3 days do not have to sprinkle. 3 days after the sand becomes white can sprinkle a water, the amount of water to soak through the upper layer of sand is appropriate, generally by 5 to 7 days or so the length of the buds can reach 1 to 2 centimeters, can be planted. After planting the sand, and then cover 4 to 5 cm thick straw or straw, to be full of seedlings, you can remove the straw. This method can be planted before and after the summer solstice (June 20), before the National Day market.
"Air conditioning" cooling method: air conditioning room temperature to 12 ℃ at night, 18 ℃ during the day. After washing the garlic seeds, with 5 ~ 10 mg / l of erythrotoxin soaked seeds for 15 minutes, after drying and spread in a cool ventilated place, covered with wet linen bags or straw, or placed on a sand bed, after 3 to 5 days of germination, can be planted on June 15 or before and after the summer solstice (June 20th). After planting and covering the sand and watering, then cover the straw, and keep the surface of the ditch not dry after the emergence of seedlings can be. Seedling height 4 ~ 7 cm when sprinkled with coarse fertilizer, growth period of about 10 ~ 15 kg of urea, and cultivate the soil 2 times. Can be marketed in September.
Traditional germination method: before planting, first soak the garlic in water for 24 hours, and then spread the garlic seeds evenly on the board, placed in a ventilated cool place to dry for 2 to 3 days, can be turned 1 to 2 times a day. If the garlic is too dry, you can spray some cool water or soaked garlic cloves into a cloth bag sewn with gauze or mosquito netting cloth, use a rope to hang the seed garlic into the well, about 10 centimeters above the water, hanging for 3 days, and lifted up and rinsed once a day. This method is suitable for planting at the beginning of August, after winter buckling shed, around New Year's Day on the market.
②Sowing method and the amount of seed. Can be planted in a ditch, ditch depth of 20 to 23 cm, 28 cm wide, fertilizer in the ditch, the bottom of the ditch leveling, each ditch planting 7 to 8 rows, planting sand 2 to 3 cm thick, ditch spacing 37 to 40 cm. 667 m 2 with 300 to 450 kg of seed.
③Management points
Shade: 15 days before planting, can be planted in the south side of the garlic field and the ditch between the point of corn shade. Corn varieties to choose Nongda 108, Yuyu 22 and other large plants, every 5 to 7 ditch point planting a line, the spacing should be thick.
Cooling: After planting, we should cover 2 cm thick sand in time before watering, then sprinkle 3 to 4 cm thick wheat straw or wheat chaff, which can play a role in preserving moisture, preventing grass, and lowering the temperature of the ground surface.
Cultivate soil: garlic seedlings out of the ground before the appropriate water control, in the growth period generally keep no drought can be. From seedling to seedling height of 14 to 24 cm, can be fertilized 1 to 2 times. After watering, first hoe the ground loose, and then cultivate the soil, first cultivate the soil up to half of the depth of the ditch; after 20 ~ 30 days and then cultivate the soil, you can fill the ditch. And use a bamboo pole to pick the garlic seedlings pressed by the soil, and then on both sides of the soil 10 centimeters high. After a number of days, a large cultivation of soil, the garlic seedlings on both sides of the frame, the top of the ditch from the garlic leaves 13 to 17 cm high, and irrigation and fertilizer, as appropriate, to avoid the garlic seedlings from freezing. Before and after the National Day, New Year's Day and the Spring Festival, they can be listed according to market demand.