1, laundry washing
Ordinary washing is ordinary washing, just turning familiar washing into mechanization. The water temperature is about 60-90℃, and a certain amount of detergent is added. After ordinary washing for about 15 minutes, the fabric can be washed with clean water and softener, making it softer and more comfortable, and visually more natural and cleaner. Generally speaking, according to the length of washing time and the dosage of chemicals, general washing can be divided into light general washing, general washing and heavy general washing. Usually, it takes about 5 minutes for light washing, 15 minutes for heavy washing, and 30 minutes for heavy washing (this time is not accurate). There is no obvious boundary between these three washing methods.
2. Stone washing/stone washing
Stone washing is to add a certain size of pumice to the washing water to polish the pumice and clothes. The water level in the polishing tank is at a low level where the clothes are completely soaked, so that the pumice can contact the clothes well. Generally, washing or rinsing can be performed before the stone mill, and rinsing can also be performed after the stone mill. According to different requirements of customers, Yellowstone, Baishi, AAA stone, artificial stone and rubber ball can be selected for washing to achieve different washing effects. After washing, the cloth is gray and old, and the clothes are slightly to severely damaged.
Step 3: Enzymatic washing
Enzyme is a kind of cellulase, which can degrade the fiber structure at a certain PH value and temperature, make the cloth surface mildly fade and lose hair (produce the effect of "peach skin velvet"), and obtain a lasting soft effect. Stones can be used together or instead of stones. If used with stones, it is usually called enzyme stone washing.
Step 4 wash sand
Sand washing is to use some alkaline and oxidizing additives to make clothes have a certain fading effect and old feeling after washing. If it is matched with a stone mill, the surface of the washed cloth will produce a layer of soft frost-like fluff, and then some softener will be added to make the washed cloth soft, thus improving the comfort of wearing.
(1) sand washing agent
Loosening agent: according to the fiber type, fabric structure and compactness, the loosening conditions such as loosening agent, concentration, temperature and time are selected. When sand washing cotton clothes, alkaline bulking agents such as soda ash can be used for bulking treatment.
B. Sand washing: after the clothes are puffed, the fibers are loose, and then the loose surface fibers are rubbed by special sand washing to produce plump and soft fluff. To make the suede full, it is necessary to choose sand powders with different shapes and hardness, such as rhombic sand (making loose fibers produce fluff), polygonal sand (making fluff upright) and round sand (making fluff full).
C. Softening agent: Softening agent for sand washing. It is required to achieve softness and waxiness, so that the fabric can gain weight and the drape should be obviously improved. Therefore, this kind of softener has a long carbon chain and is cationic, which can be adsorbed on the fabric to achieve the purpose of weight gain.
(2) Sand washing equipment
At present, it is generally used for puffing industrial washing machines, centrifugal pump dehydrators for sand washing and softening treatment and dehydration, and drum dryers for drying goose down in knitting mills.
(3) Sand washing process
Cotton-padded jacket can determine the type, dosage, temperature and time of bulking agent, dosage of sand washing powder and softener, and treatment temperature and time according to the weave structure, warp and weft density, yarn count and twist strength. Generally speaking, the sand washing effect of yarn fabric is better than that of thread fabric, coarse count yarn is better than high count yarn, low twist is better than high twist, and products with long floating point are better than products with short floating point.
5. CHEMICAL WASH
Chemical washing mainly uses strong alkali additives (NaOH, NaSiO3, etc. ) to achieve the purpose of fading. After washing clothes, there is obvious sense of obsolescence, and then adding softener, clothes will have a soft and plump effect. If stone is added to the chemical washing, it is called chemical stone washing, which can enhance the fading and wearing effect, thus making the clothes have a strong sense of shabby. Fossil washing combines the effects of chemical washing and stone washing, and can achieve an effect of imitating old pilling after washing.
Step 6 bleach and wash
In order to make the clothes have a white or bright appearance and soft hand feel, it is necessary to rinse the clothes, that is, after ordinary washing with clear water, heat them to 60℃, add an appropriate amount of bleaching agent according to the depth of bleaching color, and make the color match the plate within 7- 10 minutes. During operation, the direction of adding bleaching agent should be consistent with the rotation direction of the drum, so as to avoid the bleaching agent falling directly on the clothes because it cannot be diluted with water as soon as possible, resulting in local bleaching. Before bleaching, the water level in the water tank should be slightly higher to dilute the bleaching water. After the clothes are bleached, use large (small) soda (Na2CO3, NaHCO3) to neutralize the residual bleaching water in the water, so as to completely stop the bleaching. After clean water, add detergent, fluorescent whitening agent and hydrogen peroxide. Final washing, PH neutralization, fluorescent whitening, etc. are carried out at a water temperature of 50 C.. , and finally softened.
Rinsing can be divided into oxygen bleaching and chlorine bleaching. Oxygen bleaching is to use the oxidation of hydrogen peroxide at a certain PH value and temperature to destroy the dye structure, thus achieving the purpose of fading and whitening. Generally, the bleached cloth will be slightly red. Chlorine bleaching destroys the dye structure by the oxidation of sodium hypochlorite, thus achieving the purpose of fading. Chlorine bleaching has a rough fading effect and is mostly used to rinse indigo denim. After bleaching the board, the residual chlorine in water and clothes is neutralized with high waves to stop bleaching, and then bleached with a stone mill, which is called bleaching stone washing.
7. Destroy the laundry
After pumice polishing and auxiliary treatment, clothing will be damaged to some extent in some parts (bone position, collar angle, etc.). ), and the washed clothes will have obvious wear-out effect.
8. Snow washing
Soak the dried pumice in potassium permanganate solution, then polish it directly with clothes in a special drum, and polish it on clothes through pumice, so that the friction points are oxidized by potassium permanganate, and the cloth surface is irregularly faded, forming white spots similar to snowflakes.
The general process of snowflake washing is as follows:
Soak pumice in potassium permanganate-dry grinding pumice and clothes-snowflake effect on wooden board-take out clothes, wash the stone chips on clothes with clear water in the sink-neutralize with oxalic acid-wash with water-add softener.