Scallops family (Pectinidae, especially the scallop genus [Pecten]) of marine bivalve mollusks. There are about 50 genera and subgenera in this family, more than 400 species.

Basic introduction Chinese name: scallop shell Foreign name: Pectinidae Distribution: intertidal zone to the deep sea Size: 2.5 ~ 15 centimeters Introduction, Classification, Habits, Utilization value, Scallop species, Introduction Also known as escallop, fan shell or comb shell. Worldwide distribution, found in the intertidal zone to the deep sea. The shell is fan-shaped, but the hinge line is straight, and the ends of the hinge have wing-like projections. Size about 2.5 to 15 centimeters (1 to 6 inches) or more. Shell smooth or with radial ribs. The ribs are smooth, scaly or tuberculate, and are bright red, purple, orange, yellow to white in color. The lower shell is lighter in color and smoother. There is a large closed shell muscle. The edge of the outer shell membrane bears eyes and short tentacles, which can sense changes in water quality and are located between the two shells like a drape when the shell is open. Scallops are commonly found in sand or fine gravel in clean seawater. Feeds on microscopic organisms. Collects food particles by cilia and mucus and moves them into the mouth. Able to swim, with intermittent clapping of the shells, ejecting currents of water, which propel themselves forward by their reaction force. Eggs and spermatozoa are fertilized in the water. Hatched larvae swim freely, then the larvae are fixed on the bottom of the water and develop, some of them can creep and move. After the formation of larvae, foot filament glands, used to fixation on other objects. Some are attached for life, some are free-swimming again halfway through. Starfish is its most important enemy, will use the wrist to encircle it, with the tube foot adsorption to make the shell open, will be turned out of the stomach to digest the soft flesh inside the shell. Primitive man ate scallops and used the shell as a vessel. During the Middle Ages, the design of the shell of the pilgrim scallop (P. jacobaeus) became a religious symbol (the medallion of St. James). The large closed-shell muscle of the scallop is edible and is primarily found in northeastern Georges Shoal, Massachusetts, and the Bay of Fundy (New Brunswick-Nova Scotia). Sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus, i.e., giant scallop, deep-sea scallop) are found in New England and eastern Canada, where they are also common, as well as bay scallops (Aequipecten irradians), and the cover scallop (A. opercularis) is an edible shellfish of the British Isles, and is used as fish bait. The scallop has two shells, almost equal in size, and the surface of the shell is usually purplish brown, light brown, yellowish brown, reddish brown, apricot yellow, and grayish white. Its shell resembles a fan, so it naturally acquired the name scallop. The inner surface of the shell is white, and the muscles inside the shell are edible parts. The scallop has only one closed-shell muscle, so it belongs to the unicolumnar group. The meat of the closed-shell muscle is white, tender, tasty and nutritious. Closed-shell muscle after drying is "dried scallops", was included in one of the eight treasures. Widely distributed in the world's waters, with the most abundant species of tropical sea. About 45 species have been found in China, among which the northern ctenophore scallop and the southern ctenophore scallop and the long-ribbed sun and moon shell are important economic varieties. Classification Scallop belongs to Mollusca, Lamellibranchia, Pterimorphia, Pterioida, Pectinidae, and is a filter feeder. Food of the right size is delivered into the mouth with the swinging of the cilia, and unsuitable particles are discharged from the ventral groove of the foot. The amount of food intake is related to the water filtration rate, which is the lowest value at 1-3 o'clock at night. Therefore, the amount of food intake at night is the largest. The main food is organic debris, micro particles suspended in seawater and plankton, such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, copepods, etc.; followed by spores of algae, bacteria and so on. The composition of their food species is consistent with those in the environment. Scallops, like mussels and pearl oysters, also live with their filaments attached to shallow rocky or sandy seabed, generally with the right shell underneath and the left shell on top laying flat on the seabed. Usually not much activity, but when feeling the environment is not suitable, can take the initiative to take off the filaments, do a smaller range of swimming. Especially the young scallop, with the shell quickly open and close the drainage, swimming quickly, which is relatively special in the bivalve. Utilization value Scallop is usually not exposed when the sea water is low tide, so catching it is more trouble. Along the coast of China, scallops are mainly caught in the north, and the only two places that are famous for them are Dongzuo Island, slightly north of Shidao in Shandong Province, and Changshan Island in the Bohai Sea. The scallop's shell has a variety of colors and a neat and beautiful rib pattern, making it a good material for making shellfish carvings. People who work, travel or recuperate at the beach like to collect scallop shells as souvenirs for their friends. Scallops are delicious and nutritious, and are listed as one of the three treasures of sea food, together with sea cucumber and abalone. The closed-shell muscle of scallop is very developed, which is the main raw material for making dried scallop. Since the 1970s, China has been in Shandong, Liaoning coastal areas of artificial scallop farming. Artificial culture of scallops can shorten the maturation period of scallops, high yield, and easier to harvest. Scallop species scallop, is one of the main coastal shellfish farming in China, the world's production of scallops **** more than 60 varieties, China accounts for about half. Commonly farmed scallop species include pecten scallop, bay scallop and ezo scallop. Ctenophore scallop (Chlamys farreri) Variety Source: Yellow Sea Characteristics: belongs to the mollusc phylum, the valve gills, crutch, scallops, scallop family, scallop genus; living in the 3m ~ 3 0m rocky reefs and gravelly seabed; filter-feeding, the bait to phytoplankton based; temperature range of a 1.5 ℃ ~ 25 ℃; salt range of 16 ‰ ~ 43 ‰; spawning period in May to June; wide range of uses, meat, tender, flavor, and high economic value. Fresh flavor, high economic value. It is a natural species in our country's sea area. Suitable for China's vast areas of the sea, especially in the northern coastal culture. Ctenophore scallop is an attached life, with developed peduncle material. Adult shell height can reach more than 8 centimeters. It is named after the obvious peduncle hole and several fine pectinate teeth on the right anterior auricle of the shell. The shell surface has a fine growth pattern, with radial ribs of varying thickness; about 10 in the left shell and 20 in the right shell, with small irregular spines on the ribs. Gulf scallop (Ar-gopecten irradians) Variety source: introduced from the United States in 1982. Characteristics: Mollusca, Phylum, Class Valvularia, Order Heterostyla, Family Scallopidae, Genus Scallop. The shell is fan-shaped, both shells are almost equal, the posterior ear is larger than the anterior ear, and there is a peduncle below the anterior ear. There are 18 radial ribs on the shell surface, and the shell surface is dark brown or brown. Growth temperature range 5-30 ℃, optimal growth temperature 18-28 ℃. Patinopecten yessoensis Scallop Source: Introduced from Japan in 1982. Characteristics: It belongs to filter-feeding bivalve shellfish, Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterostyla, Scallopidae, Scallop genus. The shell is fan-shaped, the right shell is more prominent, yellowish white, the left shell is slightly flat, slightly smaller than the right shell, and purple-brown. There are 15-20 radial ribs on the shell surface, and the two sides of the shell auricles have shallow peduncles. The natural distribution of water depth 6-60m, the substrate is gravel. Ezo scallop is a cold water shellfish, the growth temperature range of 5-20 ℃, breeding spawning water temperature of 5-9 ℃. The largest natural growth individual can reach 20cm, weighing 900g, artificial cultivation 17-23 months, the average shell length of the individual can reach 10cm, weighing 100-150g, meat flavor, high nutritional value. Chlamys nobilis has a light purple-brown, light red, yellow-brown or reddish cloudy mottled shell surface, and the shell height is equal to the shell length. The radial ribs are large, about 23. It is produced in the South China Sea and the southern part of the East China Sea, and belongs to warm-water shellfish. From the low tide line to the deep sea are distributed.