Carrots are semi-hardy vegetables. Carrot root system developed distribution of deep, can use the soil deep water, the requirements of soil moisture content of 60-70%, is the root vegetables in the drought-tolerant strongest vegetables. Planting carrots in loose aerated loamy soil or sandy loam is good, and it is appropriate to choose soil that is deep, fertile, and has good water retention and drainage. Carrots are divided into red-skinned carrots and yellow-skinned carrots based on the color of the fleshy root.
A, carrot planting time
Carrot planting too early is easy to draw moss, only lush carrot leaves and carrot flowers, there is no need for thick, tender, crisp, sweet carrots below the ground. If planted too late and affect the yield, carrots fine quality is poor, this is a problem that needs to be seriously considered.
Spring planting of carrots is usually sown in mid-March - the end of April. Summer and fall planting of carrots is generally carried out in July-August. Southern regions are generally sown in early July to late August and harvested in late December. The northern region is to take the spring sowing.
Two, carrot cultivation techniques
1, land fertilization
Select deep soil, well-drained, few weeds, loose sandy loam soil, deep tilling and plowing, per acre of rotted organic fertilizer 1000-1500 kg, 100-200 kg of grass ash, calcium 8-10 kg, turn the fertilizer into a rotted organic fertilizer. -10 kilograms, turn the fertilizer into the soil, rake it flat and then open the box. Generally take raised bed cultivation, compartment width 100-130 cm, height 15-20 cm.
2, sowing
Seed treatment
Because of the special structure of the carrot seed, and sowing is in the summer high temperature and rainy season, resulting in germination out of the soil is difficult, so before sowing, we should rub off the prickly hairs of the seed, so that the two halves of the fruit separate, to become a single seed, in order to sowing uniformity. Carrot seeds are slow to absorb water and late to germinate. Germination seeding can be early emergence, the method of germination is to rub off the prickly hairs of the seeds to 40 ℃ of warm water soak for 2 hours, and then fish out and put in 20-25 ℃ indoor germination, to maintain the appropriate humidity, regular turning so that the temperature, humidity uniformity, when most of the seeds of the embryonic root revealed can be sown.
Sowing method
Sowing is the hot season, sowing can be added to 2-5% of the cabbage, so that the first to grow out of the cabbage for the carrot seedlings shade, in the finishing of the sowing compartments first splash dilute animal urine, improve soil humidity, waiting for splash dilute animal urine has been infiltrated into the soil, can be sown or strip-seeded according to 15-20 cm row spacing. After the application of diluted animal urine has penetrated the soil, it can be sown or sown in strips at 15-20 cm row spacing. After sowing covered with 1.5-2 cm of fine soil, or with bamboo branches repeatedly dragged a few times can be, and then covered with straw, cooling and moisturizing. The first to emerge is cabbage, cabbage can be for carrot seedlings shade, later interplanting when pulling out cabbage. Spreading the amount of seed per mu 1-1.5 kilograms, strip sowing for about 0.7 kilograms.
3, field management
Interplanting, weeding: carrots after sowing the general 7-10 days after the emergence of seedlings, after the emergence of seedlings, to timely remove the cover of straw, this time is at the high temperature and rainy season, weed growth, combined with interplanting in a timely manner to pull out weeds. Inter-seedling is generally carried out 2-3 times, the first time in 1-2 true leaves, thinning out poor seedlings, weak seedlings, leaving seedlings about 3 cm apart, the second time in 3-4 leaves, this time if the seedling, seedling spacing 12-15 cm. If the seedlings are set after the third inter-seedling, the second seedling spacing is about 6 cm. The third inter-seeding and setting of seedlings is done when the carrot seedlings have 4-5 leaves.
Water and fertilizer management: As the germination period of carrot seeds is in the heat of the summer, in order to ensure the flush of seedlings, we should keep the soil moist, soil moisture content of 60-80% is appropriate, the leaves grow vigorously, we should appropriate water control squatting to prevent futile growth. In the carrot expansion period should pay attention to watering, in order to promote the carrot fleshy root rapid expansion. Carrot fertilizer to the base fertilizer, fertilizer generally 2-3 times, to rot human and animal urine or fertilizer is good. The first time in 3-4 leaves, the second time in the seedling after the application. Because carrots are very sensitive to fertilizer, be careful not to apply too high a concentration of fertilizer.
Preventing early mossing of carrots: carrot fleshy roots have not reached edible maturity when encountered 1-5 ℃ low temperature and more than 12 hours of long sunshine, can meet the needs of carrot vernalization, carrots will be mossing early, so that carrots lose food value. Production is often caused by improper selection of varieties or varietal mixing, uncomfortable sowing period and poor field management. The key to preventing early mossing of carrots is to make the carrot nutritive growth period to avoid meeting the conditions through the role of vernalization. Select pure and suitable varieties. Choose the right sowing period, strengthen field management, and promote leaf growth.
Preventing carrot fleshy roots from cracking and splitting: the main reason for carrot cracking is due to uneven soil moisture supply during the growing period. The prevention method is to water early in the pre-growth period, especially when the drought to strengthen the watering, in the middle and late fleshy expansion of uniform watering. Carrots are caused by soil tillage that is too shallow or hard, or by stones or roots in the soil that hinder the growth of the fleshy roots. Prevent this by plowing the land y and removing hard debris when preparing the ground. Don't use fresh stable fertilizer, reasonable dense planting.
4, pest and disease control
Carrot disease is less than other vegetables, sometimes also occur black leaf blight and rot disease. Black leaf blight is mostly caused by drought, so the field should strengthen the water and fertilizer management, the plant is robust, it will be less incidence. If you find a diseased plant, pull it out in time and spray Bordeaux solution to prevent the spread of the disease. Corruption disease occurs mostly in the hot and rainy season, manifested as root rot, leaf yellow wilting, in accordance with reasonable crop rotation, full turning of the soil, diseased plants pulled out in a timely manner, and disinfected with lime to prevent the spread.
Carrot insect pests in the seedling stage with robber moth larvae damage, found with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution, 50% dichlorvos 800-1000 times solution, 50% phoxim 2000-2500 times solution spray control.
5, harvest
The harvest period of carrot is different because of different varieties. The harvesting period can be seen when the heart leaves of the carrot plant show yellow-green color and the outside leaves are slightly withered and yellowed, and when the surface of the ground is cracked due to the fat taproot of the carrot, or when the root head is slightly exposed to the surface of the soil, the harvest can be carried out.
6, keep the seed
The method of keeping the seed of carrot is to choose the carrot with the characteristics of the original varieties at the time of harvesting, with fewer leaves, small root head, neat shape, no fork, smooth skin as the seed. The carrot root cut off more than one-third, and then select the small heart column to save seeds, and cut off the above-ground leaves only to leave the petiole for planting, row spacing and plant spacing of 50 centimeters, respectively. In order to prevent hybridization with other varieties and wild carrots, to be isolated from each other 2000 meters, before planting every mu nest 1000 kg of rotted stable fertilizer as a base fertilizer, carrots have strong branching power, must be rectified, each plant to stay in the main stem and 4-5 lateral branches, the rest of the whole erase, so that the seed maturity is the same, generally late June successive harvesting of mature seeds. Note that if you do not cut off more than one-third of the carrot root and recultivate, the seeds produced are difficult to grow fleshy roots after sowing, and soon bloom without fleshy roots, which we call full of flowers.