Cocktails originated in the United States play an important role in the social activities of various countries in the world. In social occasions, people often use cocktails as welcome wine to welcome guests. Today, cocktails have become the most common drinks for entertaining guests in the upper class, as well as at large-scale receptions. Since its birth, cocktails have formed more than 30 types and thousands of recipes through continuous development and improvement, which not only reflects the exquisite skills of bartenders from all over the world, but also integrates rich world culture and art. Therefore, in the world of wine, cocktails not only meet people's consumption needs, but also cater to people's pursuit of appreciation of wine art. 2. The history and culture of cocktails
There are many different theories about the origin of cocktails. One of the most popular theories is that during the American Revolution, a waitress named Betsy Flanagan in a small hotel in New York State received many officers to drink and found that there were not many kinds of drinks. At this time, she used her quick wits to pour the rest of the wine together and pulled out a chicken tail hair to stir it. After drinking, the officers repeatedly cheered and asked what kind of wine it was. She replied smoothly: "Cocktail". Because cocktails pay great attention to color, fragrance and taste; Because of the combination of form and shape, cocktails are also called art wine. In the original cocktail beverage market, cocktails were mainly spicy drinks exclusive to men. Later, with the widespread drinking of cocktails and their gradual entry into various social occasions, sweet drinks suitable for women's tastes were derived to satisfy those who could not bear alcohol. This is the period of prohibition of alcohol in the United States: 1920 1 month 17 to 19331February 5. During this period, the technology of making non-alcoholic mixed drinks has made rapid progress, thus laying the foundation for today's soda drinks, which were called soft drinks at that time. It uses the modulation form of cocktails to make non-alcoholic drinks.
Cocktail is a drink made up of two or more kinds of wine or wine mixed with fruit juice. Specifically speaking, cocktail is a mixed drink made of spirits as basic ingredients, liqueur and other auxiliary materials as additive ingredients, as well as spices, coloring agents and special seasoning products according to a certain amount. Merriam-Webster's dictionary in the United States notes that a cocktail is a small amount of iced wine, which is based on whiskey or other spirits and wine, and is mixed with other auxiliary materials, such as juice, egg white, bitter essence and sugar, by stirring or shaking, and finally decorated with lemon slices or mint leaves.
Quoting the words of American cocktail authority Esbury, this paper makes a comprehensive and in-depth introduction to the word cocktail: cocktail should be a nourishing agent to stimulate appetite and must not run counter to it. According to the definition, Qing makes the wine sweet or uses a lot of juice to blend, and don't stay away from the category of cocktails; Cocktails can not only stimulate appetite, but also excite people and create a warm atmosphere, otherwise it will be meaningless. Cleverly prepared cocktails are the most beautiful drinks, and cocktails must have excellent taste. Therefore, the taste buds of the tongue should be fully opened so as to taste the exciting taste. If it is too sweet, too bitter and too fragrant, it will cover up the ability to taste wine and reduce the quality of wine; Cocktails need enough cooling, so it is most inappropriate to use goblets to scald wine. Ice should be added when preparing, and the amount of ice should be strictly controlled according to the formula. Ice cubes should be melted to the required degree. ? The history of cocktails is only more than a century. The history of cocktails is only more than a century, and it has been popular all over the world for only a few decades. People's attitudes towards cocktails have always been mixed. Some people think that mixing cocktails is an act of "wine blindness", which crushes the extremely valuable cognac, whisky and wine, and the color, fragrance and taste carefully brewed for many years are all destroyed in an instant. They object to drinking mixed wine. Others think that drinking cocktails is wonderful. It opens up a new color of wine. In the field of fragrance and taste, it also contains artistic conception that can only be expressed but not expressed. Drink cocktails.
The time when cocktails were introduced into China can't be verified, but cocktails are popular in European countries and have recently become popular in China. Because of the nature of cocktail, it is bound to be a creative thing that can't be constrained by any restrictions. During the days when cocktail came to China, under the strong imagination and creativity of China people, many varieties were also developed. However, in order to have an ideal market acceptance in China, cocktails must cater to the habits and tastes of China people, especially to occupy the minds of young people in China, that is, to have a cocktail of China people's own. 3. Classic wine of cocktail
Cocktail originated in the United States. With the development of economic globalization, cocktail culture has also been introduced to various countries, and has achieved different innovations and developments in different countries.
There are different cultural influences on cocktails in different countries, so cocktails have different characteristics in different countries. Here are some classic cocktails: 3. 1, Martini from Italy has the reputation of "the best masterpiece in cocktails". Someone said, "Cocktails start with martini and end with martini." The prototype of martini wine is gin and some kind of wine. At first, it was mainly sweet, and sweet absinthe was used as auxiliary material. With the changes of the times, spicy taste has gradually become the mainstream. Not only that, 1979 published the "martini wine encyclopedia" in the United States, introducing 268 kinds of martini wine. The name of martini wine is said to have originated from the Italian absinthe manufacturer Martini e Rossi, who specifically called the wine produced by himself a martini cocktail.
3.2. Margaret from Mexico: Margaret is called "after cocktail", which is one of the most famous traditional cocktails in the world except martini. It was once the champion of 1949 national cocktail contest. In addition to our usual standard margarita, there are nearly twenty kinds of modulation methods, among which margaritas with various fruit flavors and margaritas with various other colors are the majority.
3.3. Singapore Commander is a famous cocktail. It was prepared by Yan Chongwen, an overseas Chinese, when he was a bartender in the Long Bar of Raffles Hotel in Singapore during 19 15 years. The formula has been changed several times. At present, the common version of the formula was improved and finalized by Yan's nephew, who was working for Raffles Hotel in Singapore. At the request of customers, he improved the gin and tonic, and produced a sweet and sour wine, which became an instant hit. However, the original recipe has disappeared, and the Singapore Commander's recipe of Raffles Hotel is now restored by the old bartender from memory. It turns out that Singapore Commander is a kind of bartending specially designed for women. This wine has a refreshing taste and has the effect of eliminating fatigue.
3.4. Bloody Mary, born in Harry new york Bar, is the name of cocktail. This cocktail is made of vodka, tomato juice, lemon slices and celery root. The bright red tomato juice looks like blood, so it is named after it. "Bloody Mary" is the name of a ghost and comes from a legend. This wine is very popular in underground bars, and it is called "tomato juice that you can't get drunk".
3.5. There are also the following three kinds of cocktails from the United States: Qin Fisher is a cocktail, and the name of this cocktail is the homophonic sound of sparkling soda. The base wine in the raw material is Gin, hence the name. Also known as "gin sparkling wine". This wine is a cocktail based on gin, with freshly squeezed lemon juice and soda water at last. It is named because when soda water is added, the carbonic acid gas in it will escape and make a "squeaking" sound. Manhattan is also one of the most classic cocktails. It is prepared by ordinary whisky or bourbon angus Tula bark bitter essence, orange bitter essence, sweet absinthe or unsweetened absinthe, and it can be shaken or stirred. The essence lies in the proportion of various components. There is also Tequila Sunrise, also known as Tequila Sunrise. A small amount of tequila produced in Mexico is mixed with a large amount of fresh orange juice and brown sugar water. Decorated with orange corners or red cherries, the tall champagne glass will give it an elegant temperament. Special drink in summer, bright and colorful, from yellow to red gradually, like the color of the sky at sunrise, very attractive. Like a girl's enthusiasm and pure sunshine. The tequila sunrise cocktail is made by pouring tequila and orange juice into a sour wine glass for reconciliation, and then slowly pouring pomegranate syrup into the wine glass with a spoon along the glass wall to make pomegranate syrup sink to the bottom of the glass. Such a Tequila sunrise cocktail was born. The name of this tequila sunrise cocktail is the same as that of the music composed by Igu Lu Si. A small amount of pomegranate syrup is injected into the bottom of the sour wine glass, which is very beautiful from the side. 4, cocktail modulation
4. 1, cocktail base wine
Cocktails are mixed wines, which require a certain base wine, and the base wines of cocktails with different attributes are also different. For example: cocktails based on gin, such as Jinfeisi, Alaska, Singapore Commander, etc. Cocktails based on whisky, such as old-fashioned cocktails, Robroy, new york, etc. Cocktails based on brandy, such as Alexander, Alabama, brandy sour wine, etc. Cocktails based on rum, such as Baijiadi Cocktail, Deqili, mai tai, etc. Cocktails based on vodka, such as: black Russia, bloody Mary, auger, etc. Take tequila as the wine base, such as mocking bird, frozen blue Margaret, straw hat, wild raspberry tequila, etc. 4.2, cocktail preparation method 4.2. 1, shake method and shake method Use cocktail shaker to mix various materials by shaking the arm. Shaker usually comes with or comes with an ice filter. Generally speaking, cocktails made of materials that are not easy to mix with each other are prepared by shaking method. "Fast" is the key point, so as to avoid the ice melting too much and dilute the wine flavor. "Shuangcha" means to mix all kinds of materials just right through the proper operation of the bartender. 4.2.2. Blending method Blending wine glasses or thick-walled large glasses, mixing bars or spoons, and ice filters are necessary tools for mixing cocktails. Generally speaking, cocktails made of easily mixed materials are prepared by blending method. Borneolum or 1/2 cubes of ice are the best ice forms to use the blending method.
4.2.3. Blending method and blending method are very simple, that is, the main materials and auxiliary materials can be directly poured into the planting cup.
4.2.4. Floating method The floating method is to directly pour the ingredients into the glass in turn. Due to the different densities of the ingredients, it can be seen that the cocktail has a gradual color change and stratification. In most cases, cocktails are prepared by floating method, and customers can freely choose whether to taste them in layers or after mixing.
4.2.5. Stirring method Stirring method is to use an electric mixer to complete the mixing of various materials. Most cocktails made by mixing method are long drinks containing fruit, ice cream and fresh fruit juice. The used fruit should be treated first, then put into a blender, and finally put with ice cubes. The cocktail made by mixing method is a slush cocktail.
With the development of time, the globalization of the world economy and the great integration of world cultures, many new distinctive modulation methods and cocktails with diversified characteristics have been developed in the constant interweaving. In a word, cocktail culture is developing with the development of the world, so I can only introduce some traditional brewing methods to you here. ?
Summary:
After more than 200 years of development, modern cocktails are no longer a simple mixture of several kinds of wine and ethanol drinks. Although there are many kinds and different formulas, they are all excellent works carefully designed by bartenders. Their color, fragrance and taste are both prepared, and they are elegant, beautifully decorated, round and harmonious, and they are more enjoyable and comforting. Even its unique cup-carrying shape, simple and appropriate decoration and embellishment are all full of poetry and painting.