1, gastric acid and pepsin
Gastric acid and pepsin play a primary role in the occurrence of duodenal ulcer. With the increase of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, the digestive function of gastric juice will be enhanced, which can easily promote the formation of ulcer when the mucosal resistance is weakened.
2. The mucosal resistance is weakened
Mucus also exists on the surface of duodenum, which forms a double protective barrier with mucosal epithelium and has a protective effect on intestinal wall. It is very important for mucosa to maintain its normal function when its own nutritional metabolism is normal, and normal blood circulation is the key. Because the blood flow in the mucosa not only delivers nutrients to the mucosa for metabolism and repair, but also takes away the metabolic waste, and also transports the excessive acid diffused to the mucosa. When the blood flow is obstructed, mucosal erosion or ulcer will occur.
3, gastrointestinal motor dysfunction
The acceleration of gastric emptying may be a cause of duodenal ulcer, because the acceleration of gastric emptying capacity increases the acid entering the duodenum, which exceeds the neutralization capacity of bicarbonate, thus inducing ulcer.
4. Gastrointestinal hormones
Hormone basis for the formation of gastroduodenal ulcer when serum gastrin is abnormally high and G cell function is hyperactive. The increase of gastrin secretion may be related to infection with Helicobacter pylori, which is thought to be caused by the decrease of D cells in gastric antrum and the decrease of somatostatin level after infection with Helicobacter pylori.
5. Biological factors
Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections in human beings. It can't invade gastrointestinal tissues by itself, but its toxins, enzymes and inflammatory sites can induce peptic ulcer disease.
6. Smoking
Smoking can increase the incidence of duodenal ulcer and affect the healing of ulcer. The mechanism of ulcer caused by smoking may be multiple, which can increase the secretion of basic gastric acid, reduce the secretion of bicarbonate by pancreas and reduce the production of gastric mucus prostaglandin, and increase gastric emptying.
7. Diet and Nutrition
Spicy and irritating foods such as pepper, mustard and coffee, cola, tea and alcohol containing caffeine can obviously improve the secretion of gastric acid; The low level of cellulose in food and the lack of essential fatty acids in food are all inducing factors of digestive tract ulcer. In addition, high concentration of ethanol can cause acute mucosal injury, including erosion, ulcer, bleeding and so on.
8. Drug factors
Adrenal corticosteroids can produce ulcers and aggravate them. If you take them for a long time, the recurrence rate of ulcers will increase significantly. The representative drugs are Bonisone and Dexamethasone.
9. Mental factors
Although it can't be proved by existing means that mental stress or anxiety can lead to peptic ulcer, a large number of facts show that emotional fluctuation, anxiety, fear and so on may become important incentives for peptic ulcer.
10, genetic factors
The occurrence of peptic ulcer has genetic factors, and it is common in the family inheritance of duodenum. The prevalence of duodenal ulcer in people with type O blood is 1.4 times that of other blood types.
1 1, disease factors
Some diseases can cause duodenal ulcer, such as liver cirrhosis, renal insufficiency and kidney transplantation, chronic lung disease and chronic pancreatitis.
12, duodenal ulcer symptoms
1, pain
Pain is the most prominent symptom of duodenal ulcer. At least 90% of ulcer patients have pain, and most of them have severe pain at night, but the pain is relieved in the morning and after meals. Only a few patients can have no symptoms at all. The headache caused by duodenal ulcer is mainly characterized by fixed position and certain periodic rhythm.
2. Symptoms of digestive tract
The only symptom of most patients with duodenal ulcer is pain, and some patients may also be accompanied by acid reflux, drooling, heartburn and other symptoms similar to gastric ulcer. Different from gastric ulcer, patients with duodenal ulcer have a good appetite and gain weight.
3, colon symptoms
Duodenal ulcer can appear irritable bowel syndrome, which is manifested as constipation and pain in the left lower abdomen. The pain is persistent or colic, which can generally be relieved after defecation.
4, abdominal signs.
There are no other complications for duodenal ulcer, even in the active stage of ulcer, there will be no obvious positive findings. The most common sign is that the patient's upper abdomen may have slight tenderness near the right side of the midline. When local muscle tension or mass is found, it is suggested that perforation is found in the pit. Tenderness can appear in the buttocks of patients with active ulcers.