Hemorrhoids in medicine include internal hemorrhoids, external hemorrhoids and mixed hemorrhoids, which are a chronic disease in which varicose veins at the bottom of anus and rectum and anal mucosa form one or more soft venous masses. Usually, when defecating, the pressure in the vein rises repeatedly, and the vein will swell. During pregnancy, women often suffer from hemorrhoids because of the compression of pelvic veins, which hinders blood circulation. Many obese people also suffer from hemorrhoids. If you have hemorrhoids, the swollen and twisted vein wall in the anus will become very thin, so it is easy to break when defecating. Internal hemorrhoid is a hemorrhoid that grows at the beginning of anal canal. If the swollen vein is located below, almost on the orifice of anal canal, this varicose vein is called external hemorrhoid. External hemorrhoids sometimes prolapse or protrude outside the anal orifice. But this will only happen when defecating, and it will retract to its original position after defecation. Thrombosis may occur in both internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. When thrombosis occurs, the blood in hemorrhoids condenses into a lump, which causes pain.
For ordinary people, hemorrhoids are not terrible and will not cause other serious harm. The main and only symptom of internal hemorrhoids in the early stage is painless hematochezia, which is characterized by intermittent hematochezia, bright red color, or attached to the surface of stool, or stained with blood on toilet paper, or dripping or jet bleeding. If long-term hematochezia can cause anemia; With the further development of internal hemorrhoids, hemorrhoid nucleus will come out during defecation. If it is light, it will be returned to the anus by itself after defecation. If it is serious, it needs to be pushed back by hand. When the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids is not returned in time, there will be incarcerated edema, thrombosis, ulcer or infection, and there will be severe pain. External hemorrhoids generally have no symptoms, and occasionally the anus is uncomfortable, but it will be painful when thrombosis and edema occur. Mixed hemorrhoids have the same characteristics as internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids. In addition, anal foreign body sensation, contaminated underwear and local itching are also common symptoms.
What are the hazards of hemorrhoids?
The main symptoms of hemorrhoids are hematochezia and prolapse. Repeated bleeding during defecation will make the body lose a lot of iron and cause iron deficiency anemia. This is because under normal circumstances, the absorption and excretion of iron are in a balanced state, and the loss of iron is very small. The daily loss of iron in normal adult men is less than 2 mg, while in patients with hematochezia, if the daily blood loss exceeds 6 ~ 8 ml, they will lose more than 3 ~ 4 mg of iron. The total iron content in normal human body is 5 mg/kg body weight for men and 35 mg/kg body weight for women. If a large amount of iron is lost in the stool for a long time, the total iron content in the body is lower than normal, which can cause iron deficiency anemia.
Iron deficiency anemia caused by hemorrhoid bleeding generally develops slowly, with no symptoms or slight symptoms in the early stage. When anemia is serious or progresses rapidly, it will cause pallor, fatigue, loss of appetite, palpitation, increased heart rate, shortness of breath and edema after physical activity, and some patients may have nervous system symptoms such as excitability, excitement and irritability, and some people think it is caused by lack of intracellular iron enzymes. All these symptoms can be eliminated by correcting anemia and treating hemorrhoids. Therefore, if hemorrhoids are found, they should be treated as soon as possible to avoid the above symptoms and complicate the treatment.
Another main symptom of hemorrhoids is prolapse of internal hemorrhoids. The internal hemorrhoid protruding from the anus is clamped by the sphincter, and the venous return is blocked. However, the arterial blood continues to input, which increases the volume of the hemorrhoid core until the arterial blood vessels are compressed, thrombosis occurs, and the hemorrhoid core becomes hard and painful, and it is difficult to send it back to the anus. The traditional view is called "strangulated internal hemorrhoids" However, external hemorrhoids are more common in clinic, and thrombosis is often accompanied by pain. When the hemorrhoid nucleus prolapse cannot be sent back, it is also called "incarcerated hemorrhoids". Long-term incarceration of hemorrhoid nucleus will also cause the following pathological changes:
(1) Necrosis: The hemorrhoid nucleus is incarcerated outside the anus, and due to a series of pathological changes, local metabolites accumulate, which further aggravates the local anal edema and incarceration of hemorrhoid nucleus, which is a vicious circle. Therefore, if the internal hemorrhoids are embedded for a long time, necrosis will inevitably occur. At this time, necrosis is often confined to the mucosal part of hemorrhoid nucleus, but it also invades other parts of human body. It has been reported abroad that the thrombus in the hemorrhoid core spreads upward and the necrotic area extends to the rectal wall, resulting in severe sepsis in the pelvic cavity. Although this kind of situation is rare, it must be highly valued by clinicians.
(2) Infection: After incarceration of hemorrhoid core, there are many infections in different degrees, and the patient has symptoms such as acute interior and severe abdominal distension. At this time, the infection is mostly confined to the anus. If it is strongly reset, it is easy to spread the infection and cause submucosal, perianal or ischiorectal abscess. If the dislodged embolus with bacteria goes up the vein, plus improper use of antibiotics or no antibacterial drugs, it will form portal vein bacteremia or even sepsis. There have been reports of fatal portal vein septicemia associated with incarceration of hemorrhoid nucleus abroad.
In a word, hemorrhoids do a lot of harm to human body, which should attract the attention of clinical workers and treat every hemorrhoid patient seriously. Patients with hemorrhoids don't have to be too nervous. As long as they can be treated early and properly, the above serious complications can be avoided.
How to care for hemorrhoids
There is a saying in China that "ten people have nine hemorrhoids", which shows that the incidence of hemorrhoids is quite high.
The main measure to treat and prevent hemorrhoids is to keep the stool unobstructed, so patients must develop the good habit of defecating regularly every day to prevent dry stool from damaging the skin of hemorrhoids and causing bleeding. You can eat more fresh vegetables and fruits; When constipated, you can take laxatives or take honey orally to make your stool unobstructed.
After defecation, you can sit in the bath with warm water at 4℃ or potassium permanganate (i.e. pp powder) solution at 1: 5. There are two purposes, one is to improve local blood circulation, the other is to keep the anal skin clean and prevent secondary infection.
Patients are advised to abstain from drinking, and not to eat or eat less stimulating foods such as onions and peppers, so as to avoid causing local congestion in rectum and anus.
This disease mainly occurs in employees who are sedentary, standing for a long time, squatting for a long time, and people who are relatively inactive. In order to prevent hemorrhoids, these people should take physical activities after work for a certain period of time to reduce anorectal congestion.
Thrombotic external hemorrhoids will suddenly have severe pain, but most patients can disappear by themselves after 1-2 weeks without surgery after rest, hot bath or hot compress therapy and external application of Xiaoyan Zhitong ointment. If the thrombus is large, you can also take it out surgically and go home after dressing change.
Patients with excessive bleeding should be advised to go to the hospital in time.
If the hemorrhoid nucleus prolapse forms incarcerated hemorrhoid, you should immediately gently push the prolapse back into the anus with your hands, and you must lie prone for half an hour after reduction to prevent the hemorrhoid nucleus from prolapse again. If it is difficult to reset, you should go to the hospital immediately.
As long as women pay attention to proper rest, eat less residue food, keep their stools unobstructed, wash their anus after defecation, and apply hemorrhoid ointment, they can generally recover after delivery.
If the non-surgical treatment is ineffective, hemorrhoidectomy is feasible. In particular, large isolated hemorrhagic hemorrhoids should be surgically removed.
Those with long-term mucus and bloody stools accompanied by blood clots should be accompanied to the hospital for further examination to rule out rectal tumors and other anal diseases. Often some patients with rectal cancer have been treated as hemorrhoids, and the tumor is in the advanced stage, so we should be highly vigilant.
Hemorrhoids and their types
Anorectal hemorrhoid and fistula, commonly known as hemorrhoids, is a common and frequently-occurring disease peculiar to human beings. According to relevant census data, the incidence of anorectal diseases is 59.1%, and hemorrhoids account for 87.25% of all anorectal diseases, among which internal hemorrhoids are the most common, accounting for 52.19% of all anorectal diseases. Both men and women can get sick, the incidence rate of women is 67%, the incidence rate of men is 53.9%, and the incidence rate of women is higher; It can occur at any age, especially at the age of 2-4, and it can get worse with the increase of age, so it is called "ten people and nine hemorrhoids". There are many causes of hemorrhoids. Sitting for a long time, standing for a long time, being tired, etc. make the human body in a fixed position for a long time, thus affecting the blood circulation, making the blood flow in the pelvic cavity slow and the internal organs congested, causing excessive filling, varicose veins, uplift and decreased tension of the venous wall, which is one of the important causes of hemorrhoids. If insufficient exercise, slow intestinal peristalsis, slow defecation or habitual constipation, thus compressing the vein, causing local congestion and blood reflux disorder, causing the internal pressure of hemorrhoids to increase and the resistance of venous wall to decrease, it can also lead to an increase in the incidence of hemorrhoids. According to the analysis of clinical observation and statistical survey results, the prevalence rate of patients in different occupations is significantly different, and the prevalence rate of government officials, car drivers, salespeople and teachers is obviously higher in clinic.
The hemorrhoid core located in the mucosa inside the anus is called "internal hemorrhoid", and it is called "external hemorrhoid" near the inside of the anus, and both of them are called "mixed hemorrhoid". The symptoms of hemorrhoids are pain in the affected area, bloody stool, and when it is serious, the hemorrhoid block will protrude out of the anus (prolapse) and then retract after defecation.
Hemorrhoids are also related to sexual life
Hemorrhoids are an anal disease at the end of the digestive tract. Sexual activity is an instinct of human beings. One is at the "front door" and the other is at the "back door", which seems to have nothing to do with each other, but this is not the case. Male reproductive and anorectal doctors found that men who have frequent sexual intercourse and often endure semen are prone to hemorrhoids. What is the reason?
during sexual life, the muscles of the whole body are in a state of high tension, especially the pelvic and hip muscles continue to contract. This will increase the resistance of blood circulation around the anus, so that blood circulation will be hindered and continue until the end of sexual life. Hemorrhoids, on the other hand, are venous plexus around anus protruding out of mucosa (internal hemorrhoids) or anus (external hemorrhoids). If the sexual life is too frequent, the anal venous plexus often has blood circulation disorder, varicose veins and blood stasis, which protrude out of the mucosa or anus and become irreversible, which leads to hemorrhoids. In the same way, often endure semen, buttocks muscles continue to contract, which will also affect the blood circulation of anal venous plexus and form hemorrhoids. As the saying goes, "ten men and nine hemorrhoids", the reason why hemorrhoids are common in men is probably related to frequent sexual intercourse and forbearance of semen.
In order to prevent the occurrence of hemorrhoids and reduce the degree of hemorrhoids, we should control sexual intercourse and get rid of the habit of forbearing ejaculation.
tips for preventing hemorrhoids
1. shrink the anus. Consciously doing anal contraction 3-5 times a day can enhance sphincter function and promote local blood circulation.
2. massage the anus. Anal massage can improve local blood circulation and prevent hemorrhoids.
3. Sit in the bath. Sitting bath with hot water after defecation can not only clean the dirt in the folds of anal skin, but also promote local blood circulation, which plays an important role in maintaining the cleanliness and physiological function of anal part.
the treatment of hemorrhoids
the treatment of hemorrhoids should first keep the stool unobstructed and eat foods that are easy to digest and contain less dregs. Diet should be thick and thin, drink less strong tea, coffee, alcohol and spicy food to reduce the stimulation to anal canal. Take a warm bath after defecation, and apply hemorrhoids suppository or hemorrhoid ointment locally. According to the different conditions, injection therapy, cryotherapy and physical therapy can be adopted. Severe cases can be treated by surgery, including ligation, rubber ring ligation, hemorrhoidectomy and so on.
Different hemorrhoids are treated differently
After getting hemorrhoids, diabetic patients should consider the treatment according to the severity of hemorrhoids and diabetes. It is best to wait until the condition is stable before choosing the appropriate hemorrhoid treatment.
Stroke patients are limited in limb movement function after illness, and they are prone to hemorrhoids after lying for a long time and sitting for a long time. For those who are slightly paralyzed or semi-paralyzed, the principles of early prevention and treatment are adopted, such as appropriate exercise and surgical or non-surgical treatment according to the condition; For patients with severe paralysis who are completely bedridden, regardless of the severity of hemorrhoid symptoms, it is appropriate to treat them conservatively with oral and external drugs, such as Liangxue Dihuang decoction and musk hemorrhoid ointment.
The incidence of hemorrhoid in children is low, and the treatment should be simple and painless, such as external treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. Usually pay more attention to adjusting diet, so that children can eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and honey; Wash the anus with warm water after defecation or before going to bed to improve the blood circulation of anus.
The elderly are prone to hemorrhoids because the nerves, blood vessels, muscles and ligaments in the anus are flabby. Treatment is particularly tricky. It is best to use traditional Chinese medicine to moisten intestines and relieve hemorrhoids orally, and at the same time, use traditional Chinese medicine to fumigate and wash or apply ointment or suppository to treat hemorrhoids and other conservative treatments.
Common folk prescription and secret recipe for hemorrhoids
[ Formula 1]
3g of Pollen Typhae, 3g of Cortex Phellodendri, 3g of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and 3g of Cortex Moutan, 2g of Semen Persicae, 3g of Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae and 15g of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. Decoct in water for external use, once a day, 2-3 times a day, first add 2,5-3,5 ml of water, boil, filter to remove residues, and pour the liquid medicine into a common basin. Patients should smoke it while it is hot and then wash it for 15-3 minutes each time.
This recipe is Zou Taosheng recipe, which has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, removing dampness and swelling, cooling blood and removing blood stasis, and is suitable for hemorrhoids.
[ formula 2]
1g of sulfur and 1g of realgar, 3g of camphor and a proper amount of sesame oil. Grinding the prodrug into fine powder, mixing with sesame oil, and rubbing the affected part.
This product is suitable for hemorrhoids caused by damp heat.
[ recipe 3]
1g of ebony and gallnut, 15g of Sophora flavescens, 1g of Belamcanda rhizome and squama manis, 3g of calcined oyster and 1g of Fructus Cannabis. Decoct with water, 1 dose a day, twice a day.
This recipe is Lingchaoguang recipe, which has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, moistening intestines and relaxing bowels, and is suitable for hemorrhoids.
[ prescription 4]
the right amount of duckweed. Decoct in water and scrub the affected area while it is hot.
this prescription is suitable for patients with bleeding from hemorrhoids.
[ Fang Wu]
Flos Sophorae Immaturus and Radix Sanguisorbae each 1g, Herba et Gemma Agrimoniae, Eclipta prostrata and Platycladus orientalis each 1g, Fructus Aurantii 1g, Scutellariae Radix 5g, Semen Sesami 15g and Amaranthus Lelai 3g. Decoct with water, once a day, twice a day. In addition, you can smoke and wash the anus with this decoction.
this prescription is Huang hongkun's prescription, which has the functions of clearing intestine, promoting diuresis and stopping bleeding, and is suitable for hemorrhoids.
[ Fang Liu]
3g of oak leaves. Mash and apply to the affected area.
This prescription originated from the Handbook of Common Chinese Herbal Medicines in Heilongjiang, and is suitable for hemorrhoids.
[ Fang Qi]
Liu Jinu and Galla chinensis are equally divided. Grind it into fine powder, put it under hollow wine, and still apply it at the end, so it heals.
This recipe is derived from Zhushiji's Prescription for Treating Hemorrhoids.
[ recipe 8]
raw bean curd residue, stir-fried in a pot to powder, 9g each time, and boiled with white sugar, 3 times a day.
This recipe originated from Wei's Prescription, and is suitable for haemorrhoids.
[ Fang Jiu]
Luffa, burnability, grinding, 6 grams of wine.
this recipe is mainly used for treating long-term anal hemorrhoids.