It is not difficult to master all the knowledge and knowledge in the world. As long as you study persistently, work hard to master the rules, and reach a familiar situation, you will be able to master it and use it freely. Learning requires persistence. Below are the seventh grade geography knowledge points I compiled for you. I hope it will be helpful to you.

Summary of geography knowledge points for seventh graders

(1) Russia

1. Russia is the largest country in the world, with a length of more than 10,000 kilometers from east to west and from north to south. It is about 4,000 kilometers wide and covers an area of ??17.0754 million square kilometers. Its territory spans Asia and Europe. The capital is Moscow.

2. The main terrain of Russia from west to east is the Eastern European Plain, the West Siberian Plain, the Central Siberian Plateau, and the East Siberian Mountains.

3. The Volga River in Russia is the longest inland river in the world, and Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and is a freshwater lake.

4. Russia is located in mid-high latitudes, and its climate is dominated by temperate continental climate, with long and cold winters and short and warm summers.

The Siberian region in Asia is the source of cold air in winter, with low average annual temperatures.

5. Find the main rivers in Russia on the map: Ob River, Yenisey River, and Lena River. (Both are injected into the Arctic Ocean from south to north)

6. Russia is rich in natural resources and has developed heavy industry. Clearly identify the locations of the Kursk Iron Mine, Tyumen Oil Field, and Kuzbass Coal Mine on the map.

Russia's industries are all located near resource-rich places. The main industrial areas include Moscow Industrial Zone, Ural Industrial Zone, Novosibirsk

Industrial Zone, etc., which can be found on the map.

7. Russia has a complete transportation sector, with railways, highways, aviation, inland waterways, oceans and pipeline transportation industries all well developed. However, transportation lines are unevenly distributed in Europe

and Asia. .

(2) United States

1. The United States is located in the North American continent and consists of 50 states. Among them, there are 48 states in the mainland and the District of Columbia, where the capital Washington is located, and two more. Overseas, Alaska and Hawaii. The main body of the United States (mainland) is located in the northern temperate zone, Alaska is located in the northern cold zone, and Hawaii is located in the tropics.

2. The main part of the United States (mainland) is bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south.

3. The terrain of the United States is distributed in a north-south column, with the Rocky Mountains in the west, the Central Plains in the middle, and the Appalachian Mountains in the east.

4. The Mississippi River in the United States is the fourth longest river in the world. The Five Great Lakes at the border with Canada are the largest freshwater lakes in the world, of which Lake Superior is the largest freshwater lake.

5. The United States’ agriculture and industry are very developed and it is the most developed country in the world.

6. Agriculture in the United States has regional characteristics. The proportion of the population engaged in agriculture in the United States is very small, but the efficiency is very high and the output is large. The United States is the country that exports the most agricultural products in the world. Use the map to remember the distribution of agricultural zones in the United States.

7. The American industry is dominated by high-tech industries. Among the three major industrial zones, the Northeast Industrial Zone is dominated by traditional industries, the Southern Industrial Zone is dominated by the aerospace industry, and the Western Industrial Zone is dominated by the electronics industry. .

8. The United States has developed industry, serious resource consumption and waste, and requires large amounts of imports.

(3) Australia

1. Australia is located in the South Pacific, facing the Pacific Ocean to the east, the Indian Ocean to the west and south, and its capital is Canberra. Sydney is Australia's industrial center and port city, and Melbourne is Australia's second largest city.

2. Australia has a low population density and is a country with a vast territory and sparsely populated areas.

3. Australia’s terrain is divided into three parts. The west is a low plateau, the middle is a large plain with rich groundwater and a typical Great Artesian Basin (Australian Great Basin), and the east is the Great Dividing Range. .

4. The Murray River is an Australian river that flows into the Indian Ocean from the southeast.

5. The Tropic of Capricorn passes through central Australia, and the climate has the characteristics of a semi-circular distribution. The tropical grassland climate and tropical desert climate are distributed over a large area.

6. Because Australia has been isolated on the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere for a long time, its biological uniqueness is very prominent. Unique animals include kangaroos, emus, platypuses, koalas, etc.

7. Australia has a particularly large number of sheep. It is the country with the largest number of sheep and exports of wool in the world. It is known as "the country riding on the back of the sheep".

8. Australia’s agriculture and animal husbandry plays an important role, and four different agricultural and animal husbandry areas have been formed using the natural conditions of different regions.

9. Australia is rich in mineral resources and has a large proportion of mineral product exports. It is known as "the country sitting on the mine cart".

10. Australia’s cities and population are mainly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas. Knowledge points that must be memorized in geography in the first semester of junior high school

1. Population and race

① The rate of population growth is determined by the birth rate and death rate.

②Natural growth rate = birth rate – death rate.

③Population density indicates the degree of population density. Population density generally refers to the average number of people living per square kilometer.

④Densely populated areas: plain areas near the sea at mid- to low-latitudes.

Sparsely populated areas: extremely arid desert areas, rainforest areas with an overly humid climate, high latitude areas with severe cold all year round, or high plateaus and mountainous areas.

⑤The main distribution areas of white people: northern Africa, Europe, Oceania, North America, the east coast of South America, and western Asia

The main distribution areas of yellow people: eastern Asia, North America North, northwest South America

Main distribution areas of black people: Southern Africa, northwest Oceania

⑥ Starting from the mid-16th century, European colonists began to plunder black Africans and sell them to America as slaves to make up for the lack of labor in the Americas.

2. Languages ??and Religions of the World

Chinese is the most widely spoken language in the world, and English is the most widely used language in the world.

Chinese: Main distribution areas: China, Southeast Asia, etc.

English: Western Europe, North America, southern Asia, etc.

Russian: Russia

French: France, central and southern Africa

Spanish: Spain, many countries in Latin America

Arabic: western Asia, northern Africa

3. Human settlements—settlements

①Settlements are not only people’s residences, but also places where people carry out labor production and social activities.

② Generally speaking, there are rural settlements first and then urban settlements.

③Residents in rural settlements are mainly engaged in production activities such as farming, grazing, fishing, and logging. Residents of urban settlements are mainly engaged in industry and service industries.

④ At present, in some plain areas in the middle and lower reaches of rivers, settlements are relatively densely distributed; in high mountains and desert areas, there are few or no settlements.

⑤ In the tropics where it is hot and rainy all year round, double-story wooden or bamboo buildings (stilt houses or elevated houses) are common in rural settlements. Geography knowledge points at the end of the first semester of seventh grade

1. The types of maps include: natural maps and socio-economic maps.

2. The three elements on the map include: direction, scale, legend and annotation.

3. Determine the direction on the map: On a map with a beacon, the beacon arrow points north; on a map without a beacon, the direction is usually determined by "up, north, down, south, left, west, right, east". When looking at a map outdoors, you should hold the map with your face facing north and your back facing south; on a map with a latitude and longitude grid, the longitude lines indicate the north-south direction and the latitude lines indicate the east-west direction.

4. The scale is the ratio of the distance on the map to the actual distance. Generally speaking, if the scope of the drawing is large and the content is simple, the scale should be small. On the contrary, if the scope of the drawing is small and the content is detailed, the scale should be large. . The scale is a fraction. The larger the denominator, the smaller the scale.

5. The ball is an irregular sphere that is slightly flattened at the poles and slightly bulging at the equator.

6. The oceans that Magellan passed through in his circumnavigation of the world were: the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.

7. The equator is the 0° latitude. The equator has a circumference of about 40,000 kilometers and is the longest latitude. The latitudes are 90° from north to south, represented by N and S respectively. The 0° longitude is also called the prime meridian, and there are 180° east and west respectively, represented by E and W respectively.

8. The average radius of the Earth is 6371 kilometers; the surface area of ??the Earth is 510 million square kilometers.

9. The earth is divided into the southern and northern hemispheres by the equator; the eastern and western hemispheres are divided by 20°W and 160°E.

10. Latitude range: 0°30° is low latitude; 30°60° is mid-latitude; 60°90° is high latitude.

11. The land area accounts for 29% of the earth's surface and the ocean area accounts for 71%, so the earth is vividly called "three parts land and seven parts ocean".

12. Compare the characteristics of longitude and latitude:

Name shape length indicates direction

Longitude semicircle (arc) equal north and south direction

Parallels of latitude are all circles (except for poles) and have long and short east-west directions

13. The names of the seven continents in order of area are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Oceania. (Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctica and the European Ocean) Asia and Europe are connected together to form the Eurasian continent, and China is located in Asia. Antarctica is the continent with the most longitudes in the world; Asia is the continent with the largest area.

14. The four oceans are: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Arctic Ocean. The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world; the Atlantic Ocean is "S" shaped; and the Arctic Ocean is the ocean with the most longitudes in the world.

15. The dividing line between Asia and Europe is: the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Greater Caucasus Mountains and the Turkish Strait (connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea). The dividing line between Asia and Africa is: the Suez Canal (connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea).

The dividing line between South America and North America: the Panama Canal (connecting the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans).

16. The various undulating forms on the earth’s surface are collectively called terrain. It is usually divided into five basic types: plains, plateaus, mountains, hills and basins.

17. The method of expressing altitude includes altitude and relative altitude. Elevation is used on topographic maps to represent the ups and downs of the ground. Green represents plains, blue represents oceans, brown represents mountains and plateaus, and white represents glaciers.

18. The Congo Basin in Africa is the largest basin in the world; the plain in the world is the Amazon Plain; the plateau in the world is the Tibetan Plateau; and the longest mountain range in the world is the Andes.

19. Characteristics of the five basic terrains:

Plains: lower altitude, flat ground; plateau: higher altitude, flat ground, steep edges;

Mountain: higher altitude, undulating peaks and steep slopes; hills: undulating ground, low altitude, gentle slope;

Basin: high around, low in the middle.

20. Undersea topography: continental shelf, continental slope, and ocean floor. The ocean floor consists of trenches, ocean basins, and mid-ocean ridges.

21. The shape of the earth’s surface is in constant motion and change.

The various terrains on the earth's surface are the result of the simultaneous action of the earth's internal forces and external forces.

22. The theory of plate tectonics believes that the earth's lithosphere is composed of six major plates, namely the Eurasian plate, the American plate, the African plate, the Pacific plate, the Indian Ocean plate and the Antarctic plate. Almost all of the Pacific Plate is ocean.

23. Generally speaking, the interior of a plate is relatively stable. There is tension, stretching, collision and extrusion at the junction of plates. The crust is relatively active, and volcanoes and earthquakes are most likely to occur.

24. Earthquakes and volcanoes in the world are mainly concentrated in the Pacific Coast Mountain Belt and the mountain belt across southern Eurasia and northwest Africa.

★ Summary of knowledge points on geography for seventh graders published by People’s Education Press

★ Summary of knowledge points on geography for seventh graders

★ Summary of knowledge points on geography for seventh graders published by People’s Education Press

★ Summary and arrangement of geography knowledge points for seventh grade students

★ Complete collection of geography knowledge points for seventh grade students

★ Summary of geography knowledge points for first grade students

★ Summary of knowledge points in the first volume of geography for seventh grade People's Education Press

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