In order to protect maternal and infant health and improve the birth quality of the population, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Maternal and Infant Health Care emphasizes health care services during pregnancy, including health, nutrition, psychology, consultation, regular prenatal examination, prenatal diagnosis of suspected congenital or hereditary fetal abnormalities, and key monitoring of high-risk pregnant women and fetuses.
During the first prenatal examination, pregnant women should establish a perinatal health card (manual): fill in the address, work unit, telephone number, lover's name, occupation, etc. Perinatal health care cards are kept by pregnant women and carried with them every time they are examined. After the exam, make an appointment for the next exam date. If you lose it, you can follow up or visit.
From the beginning of prenatal examination, prenatal education should be carried out at the same time, regular lectures, watching TV and movies, or distributing concise and illustrated brochures. The contents include: ①? Common knowledge of reproductive anatomy and pregnancy physiology; ② Maternal changes during pregnancy; ③ Nutrition and hygiene during pregnancy; ④ Knowledge of fetal growth and development; ⑤ The importance and methods of self-monitoring and the important contents of prenatal examination. ⑥ Prenatal education, explaining the common sense of delivery, eliminating the fear of delivery, establishing confidence in successful delivery, understanding the opportunity of prenatal preparation and hospital delivery, and introducing the correct attitude towards cesarean section; ⑦ Knowledge of infant growth and breastfeeding. ?
Ensuring the safety of pregnant women and reducing the maternal mortality rate are serious problems faced by all countries in the world. Every year, there are about 1 10,000 maternal deaths, and there are great differences between developed and developing countries in maternal mortality and pregnancy care level. Therefore, in 1989, China set up a national cooperation group for monitoring maternal mortality, which was attended by 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, formulated a unified monitoring plan, and conducted a nationwide survey on maternal mortality and obstetric quality for many years to understand maternal mortality, main causes of death and influencing factors in various regions of China, so as to formulate corresponding countermeasures, improve the quality of pregnancy care and effectively reduce maternal mortality.
reform the system
In view of some problems existing in China's pregnancy care, health management departments and women's health care experts put forward some pregnancy care measures to comprehensively improve the quality of obstetric work in China:
1. Improve medical and health institutions: First, improve the three-level medical and health care network, and formulate staffing plans for various medical institutions at all levels and requirements for maternal and child care, rescue and equipment. Especially for grassroots personnel below the county level, training and assessment systems should be held regularly.
2. Strengthen the systematic management of pregnant women: establish perinatal health cards as early as possible during pregnancy and implement health insurance system to improve the detection rate of early pregnancy.
3. Improve the level of health care during pregnancy: China's review of 1998 cases of maternal deaths pointed out that 87% of the deaths could be avoided. Improving the health care level during pregnancy can effectively prevent maternal death.
4. Establishing perinatal medicine suitable for China's national conditions: perinatal medicine is a combination of obstetrics and neonatology. Obstetrics should supervise the health care of pregnant women and the growth and development of the fetus during the whole pregnancy process from embryo formation to delivery to 28 days after delivery. With the close cooperation of obstetrics and neonatology, the health of mother and baby can be guaranteed.
Health care instructions
First, pregnant women should not drink more tea.
Pregnant women should not drink too much or too much tea, because theophylline (caffeine) in tea has an exciting effect, which will increase fetal movement and even endanger fetal growth and development.
Second, pregnant women should not drink too much drinks and alcohol.
Because some drinks contain caffeine, clonine and other alkaloids, pregnant women will have poisoning symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, headache and rapid heartbeat after drinking, which will affect the normal development of fetal brain, heart and liver and cause congenital diseases after birth. Alcohol contains alcohol, which is toxic to human brain, liver and heart. It can enter the fetus through the placenta, making the baby mentally retarded, with a special face and short stature after birth, which can lead to mental retardation in severe cases.
Third, pregnant women should not be jealous.
About half a month before pregnancy, a large number of acidic foods will reduce the alkalinity in the body, thus causing fatigue and weakness. Long-term acidic constitution not only makes the mother suffer from some diseases, but also affects the normal growth and development of the fetus, and even leads to fetal malformation.
Fourth, pregnant women should not eat more hawthorn.
Modern medical research has confirmed that hawthorn has contractive effect on female uterus. If pregnant women eat hawthorn and its products in large quantities, it will stimulate uterine contraction and seriously lead to abortion.
Fifth, it is not advisable to eat spicy condiments.
After pregnancy, eating fennel, aniseed, pepper, cinnamon, pepper, spiced powder and other spicy condiments, as well as fried and fried spicy foods, is easy to consume intestinal water, reduce the secretion of gastrointestinal glands and cause constipation. After constipation occurs, pregnant women forcibly defecate, increase abdominal pressure, and oppress the fetus in the uterus, which is easy to cause adverse consequences such as restless fetal movement, abnormal fetal development, premature rupture of amniotic fluid, spontaneous abortion and premature delivery.
Sixth, pregnant women should not be exposed to detergent too much.
Chemical components such as linear alkyl iodate and alcohol in detergent will destroy and lead to degeneration and necrosis of fertilized eggs. Especially in the early pregnancy, if you are exposed to various detergents (washing powder, shampoo, detergent, etc.). ) too much, those chemicals will be absorbed by the skin and accumulated in the body, which will denature the outer cells of fertilized eggs and lead to abortion.
Daily nursing
① Sleep and rest: Pregnant women should pay attention to their feelings and take a rest if they want to. Sleep more than usual 1 hour, with a minimum of 8 hours of sleep every day. Encourage a nap 1-2 hours. Emphasize bed rest, because sitting and lying often causes edema due to lower limb compression.
② Physical exercise and travel: Proper physical exercise is generally harmless to pregnancy and childbirth. Such as walking, swimming or cycling, but not too intense. The amount of exercise should be based on not feeling tired. Try to avoid long-distance flights during pregnancy. Long-distance flight can cause metabolic and physiological dysfunction, venous congestion and water retention, leading to edema of lower limbs. Strengthen exercise during pregnancy, try to maintain steady weight gain and avoid excessive weight gain. Generally speaking, from the fourth month of pregnancy, the weight can be increased by 4~5 kg; From the seventh month of pregnancy, the weight can be increased by about 5 kg, and it should not exceed 10~ 12 kg during the whole pregnancy. Overweight is not conducive to the development of the fetus.
③ Work: The jobs that pregnant women should avoid are: heavy physical labor, work that requires frequent bending or going up and down stairs; Exposure to chemicals and radioactive substances with embryotoxicity or teratogenic risk; Severe vibration or shock may affect abdominal work; Can't rest halfway or work on a highly nervous assembly line; Standing for a long time or working in cold or high temperature environment.
4 clothing: clothes that are looser than usual, easy to wear and take off, and soft. The metabolic rate of pregnant women increases, and cotton fabric absorbs sweat easily, which is better than fiber products. It is best to choose a bra with a suitable design and an opening in front to hold the breast. Socks should be tight stockings, which can feel comfortable and reduce varicose veins in the third trimester. It is not advisable to wear high heels. High-heeled shoes make the lumbar spine protrude, the back is overstretched, it is easy to fall, and it is easy to cause ankle injuries.
⑤ Bathing: Take a bath frequently during pregnancy. Because the uterus is enlarged in the third trimester, pregnant women are prone to lose their balance. The bathroom should be paved with anti-slip mats to prevent falling. It is generally advisable to take a shower to prevent water from entering the vagina.
⑥ Tooth protection: Pay attention to oral hygiene during pregnancy. General anesthesia should be avoided when tooth extraction is needed.
⑦ Sexual life: Although there is no taboo for sexual life in normal pregnancy, it should be restrained or avoided in the first trimester to prevent miscarriage. Sexual life should be avoided in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy to prevent premature rupture of membranes. Strong stimulation to pregnant women's nipples or uterus should be avoided. Those who have repeated abortion, premature delivery, vaginal bleeding or serious pregnancy complications should avoid sexual life.
8 Alcohol and tobacco: Some pregnant women smoke before pregnancy and must give up smoking after pregnancy. Alcohol should be forbidden during pregnancy. Alcohol has potential teratogenic effect and may lead to fetal alcohol syndrome.
9 Drugs: The safety of most drugs used during pregnancy is not clear. Therefore, unnecessary medication should be avoided during pregnancy, especially after 3-8 weeks of pregnancy. Any drug used during pregnancy should consider the impact on the fetus, and the drugs that must be used should weigh the pros and cons and obtain the consent of pregnant women and their families.
Attending skin care: when taking a bath, wash the corresponding parts alternately with cold water and hot water to promote blood circulation of the affected part. After taking a shower, apply protective grease (pregnant oil and olive oil skin care products for pregnant women) on the parts where stretch marks may appear, and massage the skin regularly and appropriately to increase skin elasticity; Choose skin care products that are less irritating to the skin, and don't wear heavy makeup.
About nutrition
Expectant mothers should eat more foods rich in vitamin C in the second trimester, such as oranges, strawberries and vegetables. You should also eat more milk and its products rich in vitamin b6. In particular, eat more tomatoes, because tomatoes are rich in vitamin C of lycopene, which is a natural antioxidant. Regular consumption is helpful for freckle removal and beauty. The nutritional problems of pregnant women in China are as follows:
① Overeating leads to an increase in macrosomia and dystocia, and an increase in surgical output;
The food is too fine, which leads to the lack of some nutrients, but affects the development of the fetus;
(3) Lack of nutrients or not formally supplemented under the guidance of doctors, or even abuse of nutrients leads to adverse consequences.
In order to adapt to the changes of maternal organs during pregnancy and the needs of the development of uterus, placenta, fetus and breast, the nutrition required during pregnancy must be higher than that during non-pregnancy. Insufficient nutrition during pregnancy will lead to various complications and affect fetal health. Therefore, we should pay attention to nutrition guidance during pregnancy, so that pregnant women can strengthen their awareness of various nutrients intake, balance their diet and make reasonable supplements. Essential nutrients include amino acids, essential fatty acids, carbohydrates, water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
It must be pointed out that the recommended supply is used to guide the crowd, and there is definitely a gap between the actual needs and standards of each pregnant woman, so it is necessary to analyze them in detail and guide them separately. In the diet, we should "match meat and vegetables, give consideration to both thickness and thickness, eat less and eat more meals, and have various varieties."
Pregnant women need to increase nutrition, eat a balanced and diversified diet, be easy to digest, be rich in protein and vitamins, drink plenty of water, and choose vegetables and fruits rich in cellulose and pectin, such as celery, leeks, apples and pears, to relieve constipation. In the second half of pregnancy, the ideal diet is to eat 8 Liang-1 kg of grain every day, 2-4 Liang of meat and fish, 1 kg of vegetables (with many varieties), 2-3 Liang of eggs or 2-3 Liang of bean products, semi-A Liang vegetable oil, half a catty of milk and 1-2 fruits every week. Besides, to be safe, we need to supplement some iron, calcium and vitamin D.
About folic acid
Folic acid is a water-soluble B vitamin, which is rich in green leafy vegetables, fruits and animal livers. Folic acid participates in the whole process of human metabolism and is an essential vitamin for synthesizing DNA, an important substance in human body. Its deficiency can not only lead to fetal neural tube malformation, but also increase the deformity rate of eyes, lips, palate, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, kidneys, bones and other organs.
During the period from one month before pregnancy to three months after pregnancy, women can take 0.4 mg folic acid supplement every day to prevent most fetal malformations. It is worth mentioning that women should take folic acid under the guidance of a doctor. In addition, the following points should be noted:
1. Folic acid must be taken from one month before pregnancy. It is emphasized that the purpose of taking folic acid before pregnancy is to maintain a certain level of folic acid in women and ensure a good nutritional state of folic acid in early embryos. According to this study, women need to take folic acid for four weeks to correct their folic acid deficiency. In this way, sufficient folic acid can meet the needs of nervous system development in the sensitive period of fetal neural tube formation in the early pregnancy, and the best preventive effect can be achieved by insisting on taking it in the sensitive period of the first three months after pregnancy.
2. Women in low incidence areas of neural tube defects in China should also be supplemented with folic acid. The incidence of neural tube defects in China is higher in the north than in the south, and in rural areas than in cities. Therefore, some people think that women in low-incidence areas can not take folic acid when they are pregnant, which is likely to become a hidden danger of neural tube malformation. According to the survey, there are still a considerable number of women of childbearing age who lack folic acid in low-incidence areas.
3. Can taking folic acid supplements ensure that there is no neural tube malformation? Taking folic acid supplements is to prevent neural tube defects caused by folic acid deficiency in pregnant women. Folic acid deficiency is the main cause of neural tube malformation, but it is not the only cause. There are also family genetic factors and other environmental factors that can also lead to neural tube malformation, and there is no exact prevention method for these.
4. Don't use "Folic acid tablets" instead of "small dose folic acid supplements". Pregnant women should not take this large dose of folic acid tablets in the first trimester, because taking folic acid tablets in large doses for a long time will have adverse effects on pregnant women and fetuses. In fact, normal folic acid supplements can be provided by ordinary pregnant women's milk powder.
5. Try to replace table salt with formula salt with low sodium content. According to the research of scientific institutions, during pregnancy, blood vessels in the body dilate and blood flow increases. Reducing sodium intake can effectively alleviate the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in pregnant women and control the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases to some extent. It is suggested to use "low-sodium salt" or "ultra-low-sodium salt" and maintain appropriate activities to a certain extent to ensure the metabolic rate in the body.
About sports
1, stick to regular exercise (three to five times a week) instead of fishing for three days and drying the net for two days.
2. During pregnancy, you need to consume about 300 calories per day. Therefore, if you want to exercise, you should pay special attention to healthy diet and drink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
3. Do not exercise on an empty stomach. If you haven't eaten yet, ketone bodies may be produced in the body, which is harmful to the development of the fetus. So it is very necessary to eat snacks and drink orange juice 30 minutes before exercise.
4. There should be a five-minute warm-up exercise for each exercise, and the exercise should be slowly terminated and gradually slowed down. Don't suddenly get up from the floor after exercise, which will easily lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure.
5. Pay attention to the change of heart rate during exercise. It should be maintained within 140 times per minute. Heart rate can be measured by instrument or speech test. That is to say, you can't speak normally during exercise, indicating that your heart rate is too fast and your activity is too large. It is advisable to exercise for 20 minutes at a time. Low-intensity activities (such as walking) should not exceed 45 minutes.
6. It is best to choose a wooden floor or a carpeted place when exercising. The safety factor will be greater.
7. During exercise, the acceleration of blood flow and metabolism means that you will feel hotter than usual. Throughout pregnancy, be sure to avoid overheating (no more than 37 degrees). In the first three months of pregnancy, all organs of the fetus are in the process of development and growth. This is particularly important.
8. After four months of pregnancy, avoid doing exercise that requires lying flat. This posture will stretch the uterus, causing the veins to compress, which will affect the delivery of blood to your heart and uterus.
9. Avoid exercises or sports that may make you lose your balance, such as riding horses and cycling in the mountains. Even if you do these exercises at ordinary times, remember that hormone secretion during pregnancy will relax the joints and ligaments of the pelvis, making you more prone to sprains and falls.
10, be careful not to try those strenuous exercises to avoid any exercise that is dangerous to hurt your abdomen. Pay special attention to the late pregnancy to prevent premature delivery and other symptoms.
About psychology
1, irritable, pregnant women should not be in a bad mood and upset because of pregnancy reaction, but should maintain a good mood, emotional stability and psychological balance;
2, worry about psychology, pregnant women will worry about the health of the fetus, you should express your concerns and rely on scientific means to determine, rather than worry blindly;
3, melancholy psychology, melancholy mood will cause insomnia, anorexia, sexual dysfunction, autonomic nervous disorder in pregnant women. Not conducive to the growth of the fetus;
4, indifference, during pregnancy, pregnant women may only care about the fetus in the body, indifferent to other things, will affect the feelings of husband and wife;
5, relying on psychology, I always hope that my husband can always accompany me. Obviously, you should not rely too much on your husband or mother. Pregnant women should be considerate of their husbands' career and work, learn to be self-reliant and learn psychological self-adjustment and self-balance;
6, grumpy psychology, some women love to lose their temper after pregnancy. I don't know that when pregnant women are angry, the concentration of hormones and harmful chemicals in the blood will rise sharply. Through the "placental barrier", it is the fetus that directly suffers. Pregnant for 7- 10 weeks, often getting angry, which may cause fetal cleft palate and rabbit lips;
7, guessing psychology, always want to worry about whether the baby is a boy or a girl, worried about the pressure of the baby's gender (from the husband's family), invisibly causing psychological burden to pregnant women;
8, shy psychology, afraid that others will see that they are pregnant, ashamed to appear in public places, which is completely unnecessary;
9, anxiety, looking forward to the baby, worrying about the baby all day, fidgeting; ?
Health care during pregnancy is one of the series of health guidance for famous doctors of Concord. As an obstetrician, the author mainly tells the public the guide of gestational age, labor process, delivery and cesarean section in easy-to-understand language from the perspective of pregnant women, and answers how to deal with physical changes during pregnancy, medical examination, rational drug use and matters needing attention. It also answers questions that are often encountered in clinical work but not often involved in other popular science books. Health care during pregnancy is illustrated, easy to understand and practical.
Health care during pregnancy can be shown to pregnant women and their families, and also to readers who are interested in knowing the knowledge of pregnant women.
Brief introduction of the author
Ma Peking Union Medical College Hospital, deputy chief physician of obstetrics, doctor of obstetrics and gynecology, went to the United States to study obstetrics genetics. He has rich clinical experience in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of gynecological benign and malignant diseases, gynecological endocrine diseases and physiological and pathological obstetrics. He has published more than 30 papers, participated in the preparation of 7 professional books, participated in the national "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" projects and in-hospital scientific research projects, edited 7 popular science books, and was enthusiastic about the dissemination of gynecological health care knowledge. ?
Having children is a huge investment. Faced with heavy economic pressure, pregnant mothers in the workplace have to continue working after pregnancy. They met many problems in the office.
I am very happy to have a baby. In order to give the baby the best, there are more and more expectant mothers in the office, so how to ensure the safety of yourself and your baby? Do the habits that expectant mothers have become accustomed to need to be changed?
1, daily work is inseparable from computers.
In fact, using the computer for no more than 4 hours every day and doing a good job in radiation protection will not cause any big obstacles to the baby's development.
To prevent computer radiation, the common method is to use computer protective screen, which can effectively shield at least 75% of electromagnetic radiation; Then put on a radiation protection vest to reduce the electromagnetic radiation in the chest and abdomen.
Many habits of expectant mothers need to be changed. In the past, they liked to browse the Internet without restriction or play games during their breaks. Some of them like to keep their computers on all the time, thinking that they can use them at any time to avoid the trouble of switching them on and off. After pregnancy, you need to correct these habits and get into the habit of turning off the computer as soon as you finish searching or printing, so as not to waste too much time on the computer.
Expectant mothers should pay attention to the radiation scattered by other people's computers on your side or back. Electromagnetic radiation measurement shows that the radiation on the front of the computer screen is much lower than that on the side and back of the computer, because the protective screen shields a lot of radiation. It will be the most dangerous if the expectant mother sits in the paddock of several computers. It is suggested that expectant mothers ask to change their seats to the corner by the window, only near the computer.
2. Can light prevent calcium deficiency in pregnant women?
Calcium supplementation can't solve the problem of calcium deficiency for expectant mothers, and they need to receive some sunlight. If vitamin D and vitamin E are insufficient, a large amount of calcium will be excreted, usually 90% will be excreted with urine. Ensuring sufficient light is an important condition for expectant mothers to produce vitamin D themselves, so expectant mothers should have sufficient sunshine in their seats.
After having a baby, the company asked to change to a seat facing the sun, so that it can receive sunshine every day. However, the company can receive sunlight for a short time. In order to ensure enough sunshine, we can go downstairs to the square for a free "sunbathing" at noon every day, and the time of each "sunbathing" is controlled at around 1 hour. In the fifth month of pregnancy, the baby's demand for calcium and other nutrients has greatly increased. It is necessary to supplement some calcium and extend my "sunbathing" time appropriately in order to fully absorb free calcium.
Open the glass window when sunbathing in the office chair, and the expectant mother should do a good job of sun protection when sunbathing, otherwise your skin will be sunburned. The choice of sunscreen should be products with SPF around 30, and those mild products should be used, otherwise it will have an impact on the baby.
Expectant mothers are prone to loose teeth, thin and soft nails, night sweats in dreams, leg cramps and other phenomena when they are short of calcium.
3. Do you need to raise the foot pad in the second trimester?
Expectant mothers can reduce the burden on their legs and effectively prevent edema by lifting their feet in the second trimester. In the second trimester, the baby's weight gain is obvious, so our expectant mother's weight load increases and the leg pressure increases, which is easy to induce edema.
Buy a small stool in the second trimester and put it under the seat. If other expectant mothers feel uncomfortable with the stool, they can find a shorter box and put it there. Put your feet on the chair for a period of time every 1 hour, which can relieve the fatigue of your feet. Every two hours of work, exercise your legs, such as pouring yourself a glass of water, or sorting out the scattered papers on the desktop. Sometimes do calf massage, massage from bottom to top in strict accordance with the direction of lymphatic reflux, which can also reduce the occurrence of edema.
The activities of expectant mothers should not be violent, so it is forbidden to walk around the office or activity area, otherwise the baby will easily bring you trouble.
If the expectant mother finds that her edema develops rapidly, or the edema area is large and has spread above the knee or face, she must go to the hospital for professional examination immediately to avoid serious consequences.
4. Is it normal to have frequent urination for more than 6 months?
After more than 6 months of pregnancy, the baby's weight has exceeded 1.5 kg, and the uterine pressure will increase. The expectant mother's dilated uterus began to compress the adjacent bladder, resulting in a decrease in urine storage in the bladder. At this time, you will find that you only need to go to the toilet three times a day, and by the second trimester, it will gradually increase to five times, seven times or even more.
After frequent urination, start to control the drinking time, drink as little water as possible before work, and drink more water before quick rest. In addition, use the toilet as a way to relax yourself and use it to exercise your lower limbs.
Many expectant mothers refuse to go to the toilet for fear of losing face and trouble, but holding their urine will make your bladder "suffer inside and outside" and easily lead to bladder inflammation; In addition, urinating is not conducive to the expectant mother to maintain a good mood, which will make the expectant mother uneasy and raise her blood pressure.
5. Do you need to give up your favorite herbal tea during pregnancy?
Although wild chrysanthemum tea and cassia seed have good medicinal value, they can help office white-collar workers to clear their eyes and liver, and are known as "eight-treasure tea for improving eyesight". However, as a mother-to-be, the side effect of her "main catharsis" cannot be easily ignored.
Take boiled water as the main drink after pregnancy. Occasionally, I will prepare some red dates and medlar for myself. They are all warm materials, and making tea is also very good, without any harm. At the same time, jujube also has the function of enriching blood. Drinking more jujube tea will make you healthier.
Expectant mothers should choose high-quality products when buying products such as red dates and medlar.
Coffee is one of the main drinks for white-collar workers, but it will have a certain impact on mothers. The latest research in Europe and America shows that expectant mothers who consume 200 milligrams of caffeine a day will double their chances of miscarriage. Caffeine will also hinder the normal development of the baby. Caffeine will hinder the blood flow of the expectant mother to the placenta, leading to malnutrition of the baby, which will affect the baby's development.
6, massage the abdomen will let the baby cooperate with their work?
After five months, the baby can already recognize his mother's voice, so the expectant mother will make the baby feel safe by rubbing his stomach.
At work, I will not neglect my baby. I will gently massage my abdomen every 30 ~ 45 minutes every day to let my baby feel my presence. When you are free from work, talk to your baby gently and tell him some happy stories. In order to let the baby know more uncles and aunts, let colleagues chat with the baby for a while to enhance their feelings.
Expectant mothers should control their emotions and tone at work, and don't be in extreme, anxious and angry emotions for a long time, otherwise it is easy to "infect" the baby with some anxious and paranoid temperament; Expectant mothers should not be immersed in their work forever and forget to communicate with their babies, which will increase the chances of their babies suffering from "childhood autism". The expectant mother touches her belly and speaks softly during pregnancy, which can give the baby a sense of security and prevent the above tragedy to the greatest extent.
7. Can I wear high heels during pregnancy?
The expectant mother's weight and body shape change greatly during pregnancy, and her body center of gravity moves forward. When standing and walking, the burden on her back muscles and feet increased. If the expectant mother wears high heels, when walking or standing, her body will be unstable and her feet will struggle. In addition, the hard soles and uppers of high-heeled shoes are not conducive to the venous blood return of the mother's lower limbs, which is easy to cause leg edema or aggravate edema.
Wear soft cloth shoes or sneakers when you go to the company. This kind of shoes has good flexibility and elasticity, which can change with the shape of the feet and prevent unsafe factors such as falling. When you are in the company, if you are not active, put on a pair of cotton slippers prepared by yourself to completely relax your feet, and then change back to your original shoes when you are active.
Expectant mothers are forbidden to wear high heels after edema symptoms appear.
8. After 6 months of pregnancy, can you sit for a long time because of weight?
With the gradual increase of pregnancy, the weight of expectant mothers is also increasing, so the burden of aiming at the mother's waist and spine is also increasing. Long-term sitting posture of expectant mothers will cause lumbar muscle fatigue, which will cause lumbar muscle injury in the long run; Long-term overload of the spine will lead to problems such as curvature and pain of the spine. Sedentary soft seats will also increase the chances of expectant mothers suffering from hemorrhoids.
Don't sit in your seat for a long time in the company, exercise every 2 hours; If you are busy at work, always adjust your sitting posture and try to make your waist move. Self-massage is also an important way to reduce waist fatigue. Hold your hands empty, gently beat your waist for 5 minutes, or knead your waist for 5 minutes.
In order to reduce hemorrhoids during pregnancy, the soft seat was replaced with a hard seat. Before changing seats, buy yourself a cloth cushion, so that the chair is not as soft as before. It is also a good choice to add a layer of cloth mat to the bamboo mat.
If the expectant mother has a history of hemorrhoids before, then don't sit in a soft seat. If the expectant mother's hemorrhoids have already happened, it is best to go to the hospital for treatment.
9. The company requires makeup. Will make-up be harmful?
Expectant mothers should use cosmetics carefully, because many cosmetics contain high concentrations of chemical elements, which will cause serious harm to their babies, especially whitening and freckle-removing cosmetics.
According to company regulations, you can't change it or hurt the baby. Therefore, it is forbidden to use whitening and freckle-removing cosmetics, and only some baby skin care products and moisturizing products are used. For the irreplaceable parts of baby products, choose cosmetics extracted from pure plants, and the harm of plant cosmetics is relatively small. Hair dye is also very harmful to the baby. It is recommended that expectant mothers do not dye their hair during pregnancy.
Expectant mothers should stop using whitening oil, whitening agent and some whitening and freckle-removing cosmetics 3 months before conception.
Mothers-to-be should not wear lip gloss, because harmful substances in the air are easily adsorbed on their lips and eaten into mothers-to-be through saliva, which is harmful to the baby's health.
Expectant mothers have increased skin sensitivity, so they need to have an allergy test before using cosmetics.
10, will long-term use of air conditioner be harmful to the baby?
Although air conditioning will bring a cool working environment to expectant mothers, expectant mothers are also prone to "air conditioning disease", with symptoms such as stuffy nose, dizziness, sneezing, tinnitus, fatigue and memory loss.
In another place, expectant mothers can apply to change their working environment, work in a room without air conditioning, and use a fan to cool down and ventilate. If you can only stay in the "air-conditioned room", you need to negotiate with your colleagues to take a breath every 2 to 3 hours, about half an hour at a time, such as lunch time. Expectant mothers must not sit under the air conditioner, because it is very harmful for the air conditioner to blow directly at the mother and baby for a long time.
The regulation of air conditioning switch time is aimed at mother's health and is also of positive significance. Expectant mothers can reasonably arrange their work inside and outside the office according to the time when the air conditioner is turned on and off, and try to reduce the time in the air-conditioned room.
Even if the expectant mother is using a fan to cool down, she should avoid being too close to the fan and not blowing directly.