2, exercise therapy: according to physical fitness, exercise properly, sit less and do more lines, walk slowly for 20 minutes after meals, strengthen the body, enhance appetite, and improve the contractility of defecation auxiliary muscles. For patients who need absolute bed rest or limb failure due to illness, they should passively move their limbs every day to promote intestinal peristalsis and prevent constipation. Max Zhang, Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine
3, defecation guidance: develop the habit of regular defecation, try to keep 1 time a day.
4. Psycho-psychological care: Modern people have a tense life and great pressure. It affects defecation, so patients should learn to adjust themselves, relax themselves reasonably and relieve stress to reduce the probability of constipation.
5, drug therapy:
(1) Permeable laxative: It has the characteristics of high permeability. After oral administration, it forms a hypertonic state in the intestine to absorb water, which prevents the intestine from absorbing water, thereby increasing the volume of intestinal contents, promoting intestinal peristalsis and causing defecation. The advantages of these drugs are reliable curative effect and few side effects. Polyethylene glycol and lactulose are commonly used in clinic, followed by salt laxatives such as magnesium sulfate.
(2) Irritating laxatives: the most commonly used drugs for chronic constipation in China. These drugs promote intestinal peristalsis and accelerate movement by stimulating intestinal mucosa and musculoskeletal nerves. At the same time, they also increase the secretion of water and electrolyte in intestinal mucosa, making feces thinner and softer. Commonly used Chinese medicines are: senna leaf, rhubarb and some compound preparations; Western medicines include phenolphthalein and bisacodyl. These drugs are characterized by quick response, but they have many side effects, some of which are even very serious. Some patients take it for a long time, which will cause the intestinal mucosa to turn black and aggravate constipation.
(3) laxatives: these drugs have the functions of softening feces and lubricating the intestinal wall, making feces easy to be discharged. There are mainly oral drugs such as liquid paraffin, glycerin and methamidophos sodium, and rectal drugs such as kaiselu. Although these drugs have some side effects, if used properly, they still have good curative effect and cost-effectiveness.
(4) Cumulative laxatives: these drugs are mainly preparations containing cellulose and plantain seeds, which will not be absorbed in the intestine, but will absorb water, increase the volume of feces, stimulate intestinal peristalsis, and be fermented by intestinal bacteria in the colon, further increasing intestinal osmotic pressure, preventing water from being absorbed, stimulating intestinal peristalsis, and achieving the effect of relaxing bowels.
(5) Microecological agents: These drugs mainly contain intestinal probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which can reduce the pH value in the intestinal cavity, promote intestinal peristalsis, reduce the absorption of harmful substances in the intestine, soften feces and facilitate defecation.
(6) Other drugs: cisapride, mosapride, itobili and tegaserod, among which tegaserod has the best effect, but the FDA of the United States believes that this drug increases the occurrence of cardiovascular events, so it is recommended to use it with caution.