The policy of putting prevention first is the basic guiding ideology to minimize the occurrence of animal diseases by adopting planned immunization measures with the protection of susceptible animals as the leading measure, supplemented by comprehensive epidemic prevention measures such as controlling the source of infection and cutting off the transmission route.
1. The policy of putting prevention first is the basic policy of preventing animal diseases established by the state according to law. The Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention stipulates that the state shall implement the policy of putting prevention first in animal epidemics. Its legal significance lies in effectively establishing the system, measures and regulations for the prevention and control of animal diseases, promoting the stable development of aquaculture and protecting human health.
2. The policy of putting prevention first conforms to the objective law of the occurrence and development of animal diseases. Animal infectious diseases, like human infectious diseases, can be effectively prevented and controlled as long as measures are taken to eliminate the source of infection, cut off the route of transmission and protect healthy or susceptible animal groups.
3. Establishing the policy of putting prevention first conforms to China's basic national conditions. This is put forward according to the actual situation of animal breeding in China, the epidemic characteristics of animal diseases and the experience of many years of prevention and control work.
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Animal epidemic prevention refers to the prevention, control and extermination of animal epidemics and the quarantine of animals and animal products.
Animal epidemic prevention is a systematic work that comprehensively uses various means to mobilize the whole society to strictly implement prevention, control, extermination and quarantine measures for animals from introduction, breeding, management, sales, transportation and slaughter to processing, management, storage, transportation and sales of animal products in accordance with the scientific laws of the occurrence, development and extinction of animal diseases, so as to ensure the health of animals and the safety of their products.
(1) Prevention of animal epidemics. It mainly refers to a series of comprehensive measures such as immunization, deworming, medicated bath, disease monitoring, transformation of environmentally safe livestock houses in animal breeding places, disinfection, biosafety control and regional management of animal diseases to prevent the occurrence of animal diseases.
(2) Control of animal epidemics. It includes two aspects: first, when an animal epidemic occurs, measures such as electrical isolation, chemical barrier, personnel barrier, culling, disinfection, etc. involved in the biological effect of space electric field should be taken to prevent its spread and prevent the epidemic from spreading; Second, measures such as monitoring and elimination should be taken to gradually purify the existing animal diseases until they are eliminated.
(3) the extermination of animal epidemics. Generally speaking, it refers to the measures taken when a major animal epidemic occurs, that is, when an animal epidemic that is seriously harmful to people and livestock and may cause significant economic losses occurs, it is necessary to take urgent, severe and comprehensive compulsory measures such as "blockade, isolation, destruction, disinfection and harmless treatment" to quickly put out the epidemic. The principle of early, quick, strict and small should be adopted to extinguish animal epidemics. "Early" means strict implementation of the epidemic reporting system, early detection and timely reporting of animal epidemics, so that the veterinary administrative department can timely grasp the dynamics of animal epidemics and take extermination measures; "Fast" means taking various measures quickly to prevent the spread of the epidemic; "Strict", that is, strict implementation of various severe disposal measures in the epidemic area, to put out the epidemic within a time limit; "Small" means keeping the animal epidemic within a minimum range and reducing the losses caused by the animal epidemic to a minimum.
(4) Quarantine of animals and animal products. It means that in order to prevent the spread of animal diseases, protect aquaculture production and human health, and maintain public health and safety, the statutory animal health supervision agency adopts statutory quarantine procedures and methods (formulated by the veterinary administrative department of the State Council), and according to the statutory quarantine objects, namely animal infectious diseases and parasitic diseases that need quarantine, and in accordance with the animal quarantine regulations formulated by the veterinary administrative department of the State Council, it adopts statutory treatment methods to inspect, characterize and deal with the sanitary conditions of animals and animal products, and issue them. The purpose of quarantine of animals and their products is to prevent infected animals and their products from entering the circulation; The second is to prevent the spread of animal diseases through transportation, slaughter, processing, storage and trading, and the third is to ensure the quality, hygiene and safety of animal-derived products.
Adjustment policy: prevention first, combining prevention with control, purification and elimination.
"Since the Law on Animal Epidemic Prevention was revised and implemented on 1 month/day in 2008, animal epidemic prevention work in China has been continuously strengthened, which has played an important role in ensuring the safety of aquaculture production, animal-derived food, public health and ecological environment." Liu Zhenwei, deputy director of the Agriculture and Rural Committee of the National People's Congress, said, however, due to the backward farming methods of most production and business entities in China, the weak grass-roots animal epidemic prevention system and the frequent international trade activities of animals and animal products, animal epidemic prevention is facing a complicated and severe situation, and it is necessary to amend the animal epidemic prevention law as soon as possible.
For a long time, China's animal epidemic prevention work has adhered to the principle of "prevention first" and controlled the occurrence of major animal diseases such as highly pathogenic avian influenza and foot-and-mouth disease on a large scale. However, from the epidemic law of animal diseases, it is difficult to effectively curb the variation and invasion of animal pathogens by simple prevention. It is a scientific path and an international common practice to control, purify and eliminate key diseases that are harmful to animal husbandry and public health and safety in a planned way, promote the transition of key diseases from immune clinical onset to immune clinical case-free, gradually eliminate pathogens existing in animal bodies and environment, reduce the epidemic rate of diseases and narrow the pollution area of pathogens. To this end, the draft adjusts and improves the animal epidemic prevention policy, that is, "the policy of putting prevention first and combining prevention with control, purification and elimination".
Cao Binghai, a professor at the College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University, said that with the rapid development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, the range of activities of living animals has been significantly expanded, and it is difficult to stop the entry of epidemic diseases simply by prevention. At this time, speeding up the revision of the animal epidemic prevention law, emphasizing prevention first and combining prevention with control, is to meet the needs of social development, which will promote the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry and help the public health and safety.
legal ground
Article 1 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention
This Law is formulated in order to strengthen the management of animal epidemic prevention activities, prevent, control and exterminate animal epidemics, promote the development of aquaculture, protect human health and safeguard public health and safety.
Article 5 The State adopts the policy of putting prevention first in animal epidemics.