Mold is a class of unicellular or multicellular fungi that often grows in damp, dark, oxygen-poor or dusty places. Mold is a class of microorganisms that are widespread in nature and can grow on the surface of the earth on the surface of a variety of substances or in the body, including food, soil, air, water, plants, animals and the human body. People's understanding of molds comes mainly from research in the disciplines of medicine, food science and environmental science, as some of the properties of molds can have an impact on people's lives and health.

Molds are diverse and complex, and their cellular structure is more complex than that of bacteria, including multiple plasma membranes and cell walls. In addition, molds differ from other microorganisms in the way they metabolize nutrients, as they can use a variety of organic and inorganic substances as energy sources for respiration or photosynthesis, among other things, for growth. Molds can produce a variety of physiologically active substances, such as antibiotics, toxins, enzymes, enzymes, etc., which have an extremely wide range of applications in the fields of medicine, food, and industry.

The detection and control of molds is critical in areas such as food processing and storage, healthcare, and environmental health. The presence of molds is usually detected using physical, chemical or biological means, such as heat sterilization, ultraviolet radiation, chlorine disinfection, PCR technology, etc. For prevention and control, measures such as proper storage, humidity control, sterilization and heat can be used to prevent the growth and reproduction of molds. In addition, for specific pathogenic molds, individualized treatment measures need to be taken for infected patients to avoid further deterioration.