Efficacy and function of Datura stramonium
Relieve asthma and cough, anesthetize and relieve pain, dispel wind and relieve spasm. Indications: asthma, cough, migraine, epigastric pain, traumatic pain, arthralgia due to rheumatism, beriberi due to cold and dampness, epilepsy, fright and gangrene. Surgery is used for anesthesia.
1. Yan Lu Materia Medica: "Treat cold and wet foot sores, dry them in the sun to get the end, and apply a little to the affected area."
2. "Outline": "Attend all kinds of beriberi due to wind, cold and dampness, and wash it with decoction." It also treats convulsion, epilepsy and proctoptosis, and is combined with anesthetic. "
3. "The Essentials of Raw Medicinal Materials": "Take less analgesic drugs, help the customs to get rid of the head wind."
4. Notes on Materia Medica: "Epilepsy, yang syncope, adverse qi, anger and madness."
5. Zhang Bingcheng's Notes on Materia Medica: "Healing sores and relieving pain, relieving arthralgia and cold and asthma."
6. "Inner Mongolia Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Stop asthma, stop cough, dispel wind and relieve pain. Indications are joint pain, asthma, cough, gastrointestinal spasm, nervous migraine, snake bite and traumatic injury. "
7. "National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Anesthesia and analgesia, relieving asthma and relieving cough. Indications: bronchial asthma, chronic asthmatic bronchitis, stomachache, toothache, rheumatalgia, traumatic pain and surgical anesthesia. "
Datura flower indications:
1, with a sore on his face. Sun-dry Datura flower, grind it into powder, and apply a little on the sore.
2, the child is slow in shock. Seven Datura flowers, two and a half pieces of Gastrodia elata, ten pieces of Scorpio (fried), two and a half pieces of Rhizoma Arisaematis (processed), cinnabar and frankincense are all ground into powder. Half a dollar each time, mint soup.
3, large intestine proctoptosis. File Datura seeds with a pair of shells and sixteen rubber buckets, put them in water for three or five times, add a little nitrate and wash the affected area.
4, as an anesthetic. In autumn, Datura flower and Cannabis seed flower are collected, dried in the shade, evenly divided into powder, and hot wine is mixed with San Qian. After a while, I was drunk. It is advisable to take this first to cut the wound and burn the fire, that is, it will not feel pain.
Pharmacological effects of Datura stramonium;
1. Influence on central nervous system;
① Influence on behavior: The influence of scopolamine on the central nervous system is bidirectional. After injecting 6mg/kg into the lateral ventricle of rabbits, the reflex of closing eyes, lying on one side and righting disappeared, and recovered after about 40 minutes, but the activity was still less. When used with hibernation mixture, people, monkeys and dogs can be under general anesthesia, and when used with pentobarbital or Miritong, the activity of mice can also be significantly reduced. Small dose intraperitoneal injection can reduce spontaneous activity of mice, while large dose can increase activity. It can enhance the activity increase caused by amphetamine, methamphetamine and caffeine, resist the activity decrease caused by reserpine and chlorpromazine, and show central excitement. After intramuscular injection or intravenous drip of Datura stramonium total alkaloids, I feel dizzy, heavy eyelids, unwilling to talk, weakness of limbs, unstable standing, drowsiness, and then a series of excitement phenomena such as opening my eyes, looking up and delirium appear. , and then enter the anesthesia state.
② Effect on EEG: After the conscious cats, monkeys, dogs, rabbits and rats were injected with scopolamine intraperitoneally, the EEG changed from low-amplitude fast wave to irregular high-amplitude slow wave, and the awakening reaction still existed, and the animals were quiet. When the dose increases, the EEG activity appears high synchronization and irregular high amplitude slow waves, the EEG wake-up response disappears, and the animals are excited and manic. Brain electroencephalogram of total alkaloids of Datura flower under intravenous anesthesia? The rhythm was immediately suppressed, and the amplitude was low? Wave, 1 ~ 2 minutes later, Q wave can be seen, and after 15 minutes, it can gradually form a composite form dominated by slow wave, in which Q wave is the main one.
③ Effect on conditioned reflex: Subcutaneous injection of scopolamine in rats can block avoidant conditioned reflex and second-order conditioned reflex in a dose-dependent manner, and its effect is obviously stronger than that of atropine.
④ Analgesic effect: Scopolamine has analgesic effect, which can strengthen the analgesic effect of Demerol, and resist the decrease of pain threshold and the weakening of analgesic effect of Demerol caused by injection into NA lateral ventricle. Abdominal injection of total alkaloids of Datura flower can increase the threshold of radiation heat pain in mice, and Datura flower can obviously inhibit the tolerance to morphine analgesia and restore sensitivity, which has a good therapeutic effect on opioid addiction.
⑤ Interaction with neurotransmitters: Scopolamine can increase the release of Ach by perfusing the lateral ventricle of cats, but intravenous injection of Scopolamine will not increase the release of Ach during perfusion; However, after intraperitoneal injection in rats, the content of Ach in the brain decreased significantly. Intravenous injection of reserpine or lateral ventricle injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) can prolong the anesthesia time of lateral ventricle injection of scopolamine in rabbits, but lateral ventricle injection of 5-HT and intravenous injection of Youjiangning can obviously shorten the anesthesia time. ⑥ Effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury: For acute complete cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits, total alkaloids of Flos Daturae can increase SOD activity, decrease MDA and LPO content in cerebral cortex, and alleviate pathological changes such as cerebral cortex injury and brain edema.
⑦ Effect on body temperature: The total alkaloids of Datura stramonium or scopolamine can dilate peripheral blood vessels and reduce the body surface temperature during anesthesia, but the body temperature rises 2 ~ 6 minutes after operation, even reaching above 38℃.
2. Effects on cardiovascular system:
① Effect on the heart: Flos Daturae alkaloid excites and vagaries the center at a low dose, which slows down the heart rate, and blocks the M receptor in the heart at a high dose, which speeds up the heart rate. Scopolamine can relieve the inhibition of vagus nerve on the heart and make sympathetic nerve play a leading role, so the heart rate is accelerated, especially in young adults with the strongest vagus nerve control, which has no obvious effect on the heart rate of the elderly. Atropine has similar and stronger effects. Intravenous injection of atropine or scopolamine in normal rabbits and anesthetized dogs can antagonize arrhythmia caused by Adr or NA, but it has no effect on heart rate acceleration, but excessive injection can induce arrhythmia. After intravenous injection of Flos Daturae total alkaloids or scopolamine, except sinus tachycardia, S-T segment depression and flat T wave occurred in some cases, but they all returned to normal one after another. Scopolamine has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury aggravated by traumatic free radical generation system in isolated rats, which can increase the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in myocardium, decrease the content of MDA and decrease the content of LDH in coronary outflow.
② Effect on blood vessels: Scopolamine can antagonize the vasoconstriction induced by NA in vitro, and its effect is weaker than that of atropine. Scopolamine can relieve vasospasm, improve microcirculation and increase renal blood flow when acute renal failure caused by glycerol is in severe ischemic stage in rabbits. Clinically, vasodilation can be seen under anesthesia, and the contraction amplitude increases after anesthesia according to lower limb rheogram, but the peripheral circulation finger pulse amplitude is large or small, and the skin temperature is rising or falling.
③ Effect on blood pressure: Intravenous scopolamine can antagonize the pressor effect of intravenous Adr or NA, and its specificity is weaker than that of atropine. It can also resist the blood pressure drop caused by Ach and improve the microcirculation of bleeding dogs.
④ Anti-shock effect: Anisodamine can dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation in rabbits with hemorrhagic shock.
3. Effects on respiratory system:
Scopolamine can excite the respiratory center, accelerate breathing and resist the respiratory inhibition of hibernating drugs. Low dose Datura stramonium can completely antagonize the contraction of isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle induced by ach and histamine; It also has inhibitory effect on tracheal mucus glands of experimental tracheitis rats, and goblet cells are obviously reduced. Scopolamine can dilate bronchi, inhibit the secretion of respiratory glands and cause dry mouth.
4. Effects on digestive system:
The total alkaloids of Datura flower can increase SOD activity, inhibit LPO production and reduce MDA content in dogs with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Scopolamine can reduce the peristalsis and tension of gastrointestinal tract, block the function of cholinergic nerve, relax bladder detrusor, contract urethral dilator, and cause urinary retention.
Taboos for Datura flower use:
Datura flower is poisonous, so use it with caution. Physical weakness, exogenous pathogenic factors, phlegm-heat asthma, glaucoma, hypertension, heart disease, liver and kidney deficiency and pregnant women are prohibited. Improper use can lead to poisoning and even coma and death.
1. Essentials of raw herbs: Food can kill people or fascinate people. ?
2。 Hubei Chinese herbal medicine annals:? Poisoning symptoms: dry mouth, skin flushing, conjunctival congestion, dilated pupils, insensitivity to light, palpitation, tachycardia, dizziness, headache, restlessness, delirium, hallucination, intermittent convulsions or spasms, blood pressure drop, even coma, and finally respiratory paralysis, and even death. ?