Perennial konjac every year through the seedling period, the head period, tuber expansion and tuber maturity of four periods. Generally in early April under the seed taro, 60 days after the seed taro seedling, the ground part gradually grow, the underground part of the tuber is also gradually expanding. 10 ~ November plants gradually withered, collapse, 30 days after the tuber can be harvested. Generally from the seed taro to digging, the reproductive period of about 150 ~ 180 days. If you need seed propagation, you can leave the 3-year-old konjac without digging, the formation of flower buds in the fall, the next spring flowering, fruiting after the nutrient exhaustion of the tuber. Konjac production is mainly determined by the total weight of the seed taro and its age. The older the seed taro, the greater the weight, the lower its tuber expansion rate.
Konjac is usually 4 to 5 years to flower and fruit, in the wall of the ovary to form a small bulb, generally the first year the plant will not bloom, 2 to 3 years above the plant to flower. A plant that year long leaves do not bloom, flowering does not grow leaves, the so-called "flowers, fruits and leaves do not meet". The main growth and development cycle is as follows: ① Seedling growth and development. The average daily temperature of 15 ℃ or more, the seed taro on the terminal bud began to sprout, the formation of leaves upward, downward differentiation to form the original formation of the layer, the primary growth, growth into a new tuber. The meristematic tissue area occurs adventitious roots, seedling period of about 60 days, including germination, rooting, leaf blade extension and unfolding and tuber primary growth, mainly dependent on maternal sustenance.
②Root growth and development. Roots are fleshy stringy adventitious roots, distributed horizontally about 10 cm below the soil surface, growing from the base of the main bud at the top of the tuber that is around the central depression, extending around the near surface, generally concentrated in the shoulder of the tuber. The air passages within the roots are narrow, and the root system is young, fragile, and highly susceptible to breakage. Soil aeration and temperature changes have a direct impact on its production. Suction branch (taro sheath, walking stem) obviously elongated, the occurrence of fibrous roots will almost stop, konjac's root aeration cavity is not developed; soil oxygen is insufficient, the root grows poorly, and in severe cases even rotten.
3 stem growth and development. Konjac stems are not normal above ground stems, but grow underground tubers. It is a storage organ, an asexual reproduction organ, and the main harvest of cultivation.
Mature tubers for the upper part of the shortened stem, the lower part of the main storage organization, with the growth of the long ellipsoid growth gradually developed into a spherical or oblate, shortened stem apical dominance, terminal buds fat, the upper part of the 5 ~ 6 section is obvious, the stem part of the section is not obvious. The upper end of the tuber born rhizome 4 to 8, white konjac as many as 20, 10 to 20 cm long, each section has buds, is the best planting material for the second year of cultivation.
4 tuber growth and development. Tuber shoots grow initially by the seed taro storage nutrient supply, young shoots gradually protruding in the seed taro to form new tubers, new tubers in the leaves fully expanded rapidly expanding, to 8 ~ September more than the size of the original seed taro, the original seed taro internal nutrient depletion, leaving only the epidermis, followed by the residual body and the new tubers detached. The order of nutrient depletion within the seed taro is the bottom of the seed taro → the upper middle → the bottom of the tip. The seed taro nutrient exhaustion and detachment from the base of the new taro to complete the konjac fertility on the important turning point. Tuber growth and development need to supply a large amount of potash fertilizer in time to meet the polysaccharide synthesis, transit and transformation.
5 plant growth and development. Konjac in the process of germination and long leaves, the growth is mainly concentrated in the leaves, sub-tuber formation of the early slow weight gain, after the head change period in July, the leaf chlorophyll content and peroxidase activity increased, tuber, rhizome expansion rate increased rapidly, daily weight gain of 4 grams, the entire expansion period lasts about 15 days, more than 80% of the total output in this period of formation. after the end of August, the parts of the slowdown in weight gain, chlorophyll content and peroxidase activity then and peroxidase activity then decreased.
The taro is formed by the expansion of the apex of the sucker branch, and the sucker branch is attached to the upper, middle and lower parts of the tuber. General tuber middle side bud elongation formed by the sucker branch, than the tuber upper and lower side buds formed by the sucker branch is good. The side buds of the vigorous suckers can grow again and form suckers. By August to September, the number of sucker branches for seed is no longer increasing, after September to October, the sucker branch began to shrink, October to November sucker branch formation off layer, detached from the tuber.
April to early May planting of konjac, May to early June rooting, branching roots from the base of the whisker roots grow out, 6 to early mid-July for the sprouting period, the whisker roots are concentrated in the upper part of the new tubers, a lot of branching roots. 7 to August, the number of whisker roots decreased significantly, sucker branch development accelerated, sucker branch around the hair of the new roots, new roots are short. 8 to September, the root growth is obviously declining. At maturity, the fibrous roots began to decline, near the tuber part of the brownish, branched roots withered, fibrous roots in the tuber soil produced off layer, detached from the tuber.
Konjac leaf differentiation elongation and bract elongation occur simultaneously. After sprouting the leaf growth is very fast, about 10 ~ 25 days after the leaf fully extended, the smaller the seed taro, the shorter the number of days required to sprout to open leaves. To August ~ September plant fresh weight to reach the heaviest, after 10 ~ November leaf color gradually become yellow, at the same time the petiole began to shrivel, petiole collapse, detached from the tuber.
6 tuber head change period of growth and development. Head change is the final result of the old and new tuber replacement process, it is the konjac growth from heterotrophic to autotrophic transformation process, generally 6 ~ the end of July to complete the head change, and then enter the peak period. After the formation of new tubers, the parent nutrients gradually transferred to the child (newly formed tubers) roots, stems, leaves growth, and finally the seed buds parent nutrient depletion and dry shriveling, detached from the child; complete the head change, enter the fully autotrophic stage, the formation of tubers and rhizomes. Head change period from the formation of the child tuber, to the child tuber weight and the mother tuber weight equal to the original weight, the mother tuber detached from the child tuber, the old and new tuber alternation until, generally lasted 60 ~ 70 days.
⑦The growth characteristics of the tuber expansion period. Tuber expansion period lasted 45 to 60 days, 70% to 80% of the total output of konjac in the formation of this period. After the sub-tuber head change, tuber rapid expansion, while the rhizome is also rapidly expanding, the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaf and enzyme activity is greatly improved, the tuber is rapidly expanding.
8 tuber maturity growth characteristics. After the temperature dropped to 22 ℃, tuber weight gain slowed down. Dropped to below 15 ℃, the ground withered and collapsed, tubers stop gaining weight, tend to mature. Maturity occurs in September to October. 5- to 6-year-old plants form flower buds in the fall and bloom the following spring. Usually the nutritious plants only grow leaves, flowering plants only inflorescences, the entire reproductive growth is completely dependent on the nutrients in the tubers, in addition to retaining plants, should be immediately removed from the flower buds.