Mr. Fang, 36, sat in the consulting room of the hospital, holding the medical report he had just got, and his face was full of sadness.

There are many arrows in the physical examination report, one of which has been circled: "Serum creatinine is 296μmol/L", which is obviously increased.

The doctor carefully looked at Mr. Fang's course record and found that as early as three years of physical examination report, urine protein and urine red blood cells had exceeded the standard.

"My waist doesn't hurt, and my feet are not swollen. These common symptoms are gone, except that my fingers are half red and half white these years. Is this also a sign of kidney failure? " Mr. Fang is a little annoyed.

For the disease of renal failure, most people, like Mr. Fang, think that the symptoms of renal abnormality are only low back pain and leg swelling, but they are not. Renal failure can cause many symptoms, low back pain and edema are just two of them.

1. Lindsay's A appeared.

1967, Dr. Lindsay found that among 25 patients with half red and half white nails, 24 patients were diagnosed with kidney disease, and 2 1 patient had developed chronic renal failure. Half red and half white means that the nail is white near the palm and red away from the palm.

Dr. Lindsay named this symptom half nail, but later generations named it "Lindsay nail" to commemorate his important discovery.

At present, the physiological mechanism of semi-redness and semi-whiteness in patients with nephropathy is not completely clear. There are two most likely reasons: first, the venous return of nail bed in patients with nephropathy is blocked, which leads to discoloration; Secondly, the white area at the proximal end is caused by anemia, and the red area at the distal end may be caused by the increase of β -melanocyte stimulating hormone.

2. The urine volume began to decrease.

Urine test can effectively reflect the index of renal function. In addition to urine protein, urine volume is also one of the powerful indicators.

Under normal circumstances, urine volume is affected by water consumption. When the amount of drinking water is normal, the amount of urine decreases, which should be considered to be caused by abnormal renal function.

Various renal parenchymal diseases may lead to decreased urine volume, including glomerular, renal tubular, renal interstitial and renal tubular diseases. The decrease in urine volume is difficult to detect at first, and it is usually found when the urine volume is lower than 1000ml or even lower. At this time, kidney damage is generally more serious.

3. Sleepiness, fatigue and yellow complexion

The kidney produces erythropoietin, which can stimulate bones to make red blood cells. When renal function is abnormal, the body cannot synthesize the hormone, and the amount of red blood cell synthesis will decrease, leading to anemia. Anemia can lead to fatigue and yellowing symptoms, which can not be alleviated even after rest, and the sleep quality of patients may be affected.

4. Loss of appetite

Loss of appetite is one of the early symptoms of many patients with renal failure, which is closely related to the retention of toxins in the body. When toxins and wastes accumulate in the body, the wastes accumulated in the blood will cause a series of abnormal symptoms of digestive tract, and loss of appetite is one of them.

If you don't pay attention to renal failure in time, it will gradually develop into uremia. Once suffering from uremia, you will not be able to take drugs or other conservative treatments, and you can only take kidney replacement therapy!

Clinically, chronic kidney disease is divided into five stages: glomerular filtration rate 1 stage is 90 ml/min; In the second stage, the glomerular filtration rate was 90 ~ 60 ml/min; The fourth filtration rate is between 60 and 30 ml/min; The filtration rate in the fourth stage is between 30 ~ 1.5 ml/min, and the patients in this stage have reached severe renal failure. In the fifth stage, the filtration rate 1.5 ml/min has reached uremia stage.

After suffering from uremia, the treatment methods that can be taken are hemodialysis, pleural dialysis and kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis is the most commonly used treatment at present, but not all patients are suitable for it.

The way to treat patients needs to be evaluated by professional doctors to make a choice.

Renal diseases such as renal failure and uremia will have a great impact on patients' physiology and psychology, and will produce a lot of treatment costs, so it is very necessary to know how to prevent them.

1. Control blood pressure, blood lipid and other indicators up to standard.

The increase of blood pressure and blood lipid in the body will lead to the abnormal circulation of blood pressure, which in turn will lead to the increase of systemic vascular pressure and the occurrence of renal arterial hypertension. It will cause damage to cells such as glomerulus and renal interstitial, and aggravate the formation of glomerular fibrosis.

Therefore, controlling blood pressure and blood lipid is very important to prevent renal failure. Hypertension patients can control their blood pressure by taking antihypertensive drugs, while hyperlipidemia patients need to pay attention to stabilizing their urinary protein levels, and they can choose to take statins, which can also protect their kidneys.

At the same time, it is necessary to cooperate with life, maintain a low-fat diet, get enough sleep, stabilize mood, and help to lower blood pressure and lipid.

2. Pay attention to the control of high-risk complications

In order to delay the speed of renal function injury in the middle and late stage of nephropathy, some high-risk complications must be controlled. Such as anemia, hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia. Once these diseases occur, they will bring great damage to renal function. But also cause some other complications. Patients with nephropathy should protect residual renal function and prevent these complications.

3. Be careful of the interference of acute factors such as infection.

Infection, improper medication and unreasonable diet may all cause recurrent kidney disease. In this case, if it is not intervened in time, it will easily lead to a sharp decline in renal function and induce uremia.

To prevent this phenomenon, we need to do two things, one is to improve immunity, and the other is to review and follow up regularly. Doing these two points can effectively avoid the emergence of acute factors.

Kidney disease is very common in clinic, and many patients are developed from some minor symptoms that are not paid attention to in time. So we must pay attention to some abnormal performances in our daily life. Once found, it is necessary to seek medical examination immediately to achieve early detection and early treatment.

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