1.1 Fine land preparation

Preferred plots with higher terrain as seedbeds, the soil is required to have a high level of fertility, high looseness and be able to drain and irrigate smoothly. Before sowing, 2 times of ploughing and sun-disturbing were carried out, 2000kg of rotted animal manure and 25kg of 25% compound fertilizer were applied per 667m2, and the above fertilizers were evenly sown into the soil 30d before the official sowing. The width of the seedbed is 1.5m, and the height of the bed is 25cm.

1.2 Selection of seeds

Select the seeds of the previous year that have good growth, reddish-yellow color, purity more than 98%, and the germination rate of more than 80% to be ready for sowing.

1.3 Germination

Place the seeds in water at a temperature of 40-50°C and stir, soak the seeds for about 12 h when the water temperature drops to about 25°C. Thereafter, drench them dry, and place them in clean containers or lay them flat on reed mats. Whichever storage method is used, the thickness should be kept below 3cm. The seeds should also be covered with a breathable wet cloth and placed at a temperature of 20-25°C to germinate. During this period, the seeds are turned every day and rinsed with water at about 25°C. The seeds are then removed from the soil. Afterwards, the water is controlled out and the seeds can be sown when they show white.

1.4 Sowing at the right time

Usually in the middle of April, the temperature of about 15 ℃ is more suitable, the amount of seed per 667 m2 is 2 ~ 3 kg. Before the formal sowing, you need to sprinkle the prepared poisonous soil on the bed. The poisonous soil is mainly made of 1kg of fine soil and 4~5g of 50% carbendazim after screening, and the dosage is 1.5~2kg/m2. After completing the sowing, use the nutrient soil to cover, and then use the small arch to cover the film, and finally cover the grass curtains, etc. The soil can be used to cover the soil and the soil can be used to cover the soil.

1.5 Seedling management

After the seeds emerge, it is necessary to reasonably use measures such as heat preservation and shading, not only to ensure the temperature of the seedbed, but also to avoid too high a temperature adversely affecting the seedlings. After entering the two-leaf stage, you need to water 1 to 2 times during the uncovering period, and after entering the three-leaf stage, apply light quick-acting fertilizer 1 time. At the same time, do a good job of weeding, and use carbendazim to reduce the probability of sudden collapse disease.

2 planting

The seedlings can be planted when they grow to 20cm and 7-8 true leaves. And the plant spacing and row spacing control in (20 ~ 25) cm × (30 ~ 35) cm, planting density of about 10,000 plants / hm2, and thereafter irrigate a sufficient amount of water.

3 Fertilizer management

Growers can adopt the way of promoting and controlling fertilizer management before and after. Usually 450kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate is applied in May to June, and water is irrigated 4 times. The root of the toon belongs to the fleshy root, in the rainy season need to pay extra attention to drainage, to avoid excess water composted roots. 7 ~ August temperature and humidity is high, the seedling growth rate is faster, can also be taken in an artificial way to control, the use of doxorubicin 300 ~ 400 times the liquid sprayed once every 15d, to avoid the seedling growth is too fast, to cultivate dwarfing strong seedling. Into the first half of September, the need for urea 20kg/667m2, extra-root application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, to ensure the healthy growth of seedlings. mid-September after no longer irrigate and fertilization.

4 Plant Adjustment

Entering the middle and end of August, the management of the toon is mainly to promote the smooth development of the terminal bud. During this period, the growth of seedlings is more ideal. The distance of the leaves can be increased appropriately to improve the degree of lignification of the seedlings. There is no need to apply nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied appropriately, so as to achieve the goal of dwarfing. after mid to late October, the plant gradually withers and then enters a dormant state.

5Planting and post-planting management

5.1Turning the ground into beds

Before implementing the turning of the ground, you can apply rotted circle fertilizer 5,000kg/667m2, and at the same time, use 25% of the powder of carbendazim to evenly sprinkle on the ground, to disinfect the soil. Make a border in the north-south direction with a width of 1~1.2m, a ridge width of 0.3m, a height of 15cm, and a distance of 80~100cm between the northernmost end and the wall.

5.2 Planting

In order to reduce the probability of the toon to suffer from frost, the seedling and the leaves of the toon are usually raised out from the field before the frost, and the root system is ensured to be intact. According to the different levels of selecting the back shady area to implement false planting. When performing this part, the seedlings need to be planted in an upright or inclined manner, with simultaneous implementation of seedling placement and mulching, and final water replenishment. The seedlings are covered with straw to avoid frost or wind drying. After 15d the leaf nutrients can be returned, and then transplanted to the greenhouse when the leaves fall off.

The transplantation of greenhouse can be carried out when the temperature of the planting area is 3~5℃, and the transplantation is carried out according to the order of south short and north high. The density of transplantation of the current year's seedlings for 130 ~ 150 plants / m2, perennial seedlings density of 100 ~ 120 plants / m2, after the completion of the planting of the foot, and provide sufficient moisture. 3 ~ 5d after the buckle film.

5.3 Pre-emergence management

10~15d after planting to enter the seedling slowing period. In order to obtain a more ideal germination rate, after the toon is in the greenhouse, the growers can use 5×108 of gibberellin and other agents to promote the germination. The growth sequence of parsnip is to sprout after first rooting, so it is necessary to ensure high enough temperature, and the temperature should reach 30℃ during the day to promote the development of the root system. After completing the irrigation and soil sinking, the plants can be sprayed with water at about 20°C to increase the humidity of the soil and air, so that the humidity in the shed reaches about 85%. 30d later, the toon sprouted, and the temperature can be controlled at 15-25°C during the day and about 10°C at night. The air humidity in the growing area needs to be maintained at 70% to provide a good environment for the growth of parsnips, while attention needs to be paid to ventilation.

5.4 Bud management

Entering the period of picking buds, the daytime temperature needs to be controlled at 18～25℃, and the night temperature is about 12℃. Grass curtains should be uncovered in the morning and covered at night to extend the light time and promote the rapid growth of toon seedlings. Appropriate watering and chasing fertilizer about 2 times, each time the amount of urea fertilizer for 50kg/667m2, while the reasonable use of foliar fertilizer.

5.5 Harvesting and Packaging

After 40~60d of buckling the film, when the height of tsubaki buds is 15~20cm and the color is more ideal, the buds can be harvested. If the buds are too short, the yield will not be ideal, and if the buds are too long, the quality will also be affected. You can pick the buds in the order of top bud to side bud, preferably in the early morning or evening, and pick the buds every 7 to 10 d. After the collection is completed, they can be marketed. In order to avoid water loss, it can be bundled into small handfuls and sealed for storage. At the same time, pay attention to the need for appropriate additional fertilizer and water after each harvest.

5.6 flat crop transplanting

After completing the harvesting of parsnip buds in April to May, the nutrients in its woody part will be basically lost. At this time, you can plant according to the density of about 6000 plants/667m2, and at the same time, provide sufficient water and do a good job of plowing. After the germination of cryptomeria, you can select the strong shoots with good growth as the second year of the seedling stem, remove the rest, and timely supplementation of water and fertilizer, the necessary dwarfing treatment, ready for subsequent planting.

6 Disease and Pest Control

6.1 Toon Root Rot (Rickettsia)

Rickettsia generally occurs in the seedling period of the toon, and the specific symptoms manifested as bud rot, seedling wilting and so on. The symptoms of large seedlings are mainly manifested as the rotting of roots and leaves, which turns from russet to gray, and the degree of rotting is difficult to control. By the middle of the season all leaves are lost and it is difficult to cure. Root holes can be cleaned with lime water and irrigated with agents such as 50% zinc diclofenac 800 times solution. During the seedling emergence period, 0.5% potassium permanganate can be used to soak the roots, and in the rainy season, 75kg/667m2 grass ash can be used for sowing.

6.2 Toona dry blight

This type of disease appears more in the main trunk part of young trees. The first watery spots appear on the bark, and then develop into irregularly shaped spots. The bark cracks in the middle of the spot and the gum flows out of it. When the spots completely cover the trunk, the tops of the trees wither. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be used, avoiding excessive nitrogen fertilizers. If infected with the disease, 70% metribuzin 2000 times solution can also be applied for spraying.

6.3 Insect Pests of Toona

Mainly mole crickets. It can be controlled by using black light and poison bait. In addition, winter leaves can be fully removed and the land can be y turned over to kill overwintering insect eggs.

7 Summary

In the process of toon cultivation, it is necessary to scientifically carry out seedling, planting and management work according to the specific conditions of the cultivation area, so as to not only improve the yield of toon, but also ensure the quality, which is conducive to comprehensively improve the economic benefits of toon cultivation.