1. The coin toss to guess heads or tails will take place three minutes from kickoff in the center of the field. The captains of both teams guess heads and tails before the coin is tossed. The winning team gets to pick one of the following two conditions, while the losing team receives the remaining one

(1) Choice to kick off first

(2) Choice of the field to defend

2. Before the start of the second half, the captains of the two teams must inform the officials of their respective choices from earlier, with the team that guessed heads or tails in the first half losing the first choice having first dibs.

Time

1. The time clocks in the ground are regular and in the unlikely event of the clocks stopping or not functioning correctly, the touch judges shall have control to manage the correct official time on the field.

2. Each quarter is 15 minutes long, with 2 minutes between quarters, and a 12-minute intermission, unless otherwise designated.

3. the referee starts the clock when a team calls a timeout and blows the whistle after 1 minute and 50 seconds, unless the television broadcast does not utilize the time to relay commercials. In this case the timeout is reduced to 40 seconds.

4. The referee will allow the time necessary to give an injured player or to repair a player's equipment.

5. Each team will have three chances to call a timeout per half.

6. 40 seconds are allowed to set up for each offense.

7. The clock starts when the kickoff team has the ball.

8. The last 2 minutes of the first half and the last 5 minutes of the second half are exceptions - time for out-of-bounds or fouls will be removed. The clock returns to the time before the out of bounds.

9. The opposing team may call a timeout immediately following, but the timeout is reduced to 40 seconds.

10. When the offense does not hear the referee's call due to crowd noise, he has the option of either reducing the defense to one timeout or calling a 5-yard penalty.

Scoring

The offense and defense score points in the following ways:Touchdown (abbreviated TD) for six points. A touchdown is scored when a player runs into the opposing team's touchdown zone with the ball or receives a pass in the opposing team's touchdown zone. After a touchdown, the scoring team is awarded a Conversion. The ball is placed on the opponent's three-yard line (two-yard line in the NFL). The scoring team has the option of either putting the ball inside the goalposts for one extra point, or running or passing for another touchdown for two extra points. In college games and in the pros, most add one point for a field goal. The success rate for extra points in the pros is 94%, and in college it is 93.8%. The success rate for extra points is only about 43%. If the defense manages to stop the extra point and get the ball in their hands, and manages to score a touchdown in real time, they get 2 points (not applicable to the NFL).　Field Goals (FieldGoal, FG), 3 points. This is accomplished by kicking the ball over the crossbar and between the goalposts. The ball must first hit the ground when the shot is taken, usually by a player who is responsible for holding the ball on the ground. A field goal is usually chosen on fourth down when the offense is close to the end zone but is having trouble scoring a touchdown, rather than kicking a free kick, or when time is running out and no other way to score is available.　Safety, 2 points. This is scored by a defensive player. When an offense is forced to back up to its own touchdown zone and then is pressed or drops the ball, the defense scores two points. Certain fouls by the offense in their own touchdown zone also result in a safety.

Sudden Death

1. For all NFL games, the sudden death law is that when there is a tie score in regulation time, the team that scores first in overtime (all ways) automatically wins.

2. At the end of regulation time, the referee will flip a coin at midfield and the visiting team captain will guess first.

3. There will be a 3-minute break at the end of regulation, then nearly 15 minutes of overtime until a score is scored with a 2-minute break between each overtime. Both teams will take turns splitting the ball. Each team will have 3 timeouts in each half, and players who have been ejected cannot be put back on the court.

Foot Kickoff

1. On the opening kickoffs of the first and second halves, or after a goal is scored and a touchdown drive (try) with the ball, the kickoff team kicks a foot kickoff from that team's 30-yard line. A kickoff is a type of free kick.

2. A 1-inch pad may be used for kickoffs (pads are not permitted for kickoffs to score a goal, a safety, or

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touchdowns with the ball (tries)). The ball is kicked by the place kicker.

3. A goal cannot be scored from a kick-off.

4. A kickoff is considered illegal if it does not travel more than 10 yards or is not touched by the receiving team. Once the kickoff is touched by the receiving team or crosses more than 10 yards, the ball becomes a free kick. The receiver may recapture the ball and advance the ball. The kicking team may recapture the ball but may not advance the ball unless the receiver has possession and drops the ball.

5. If a kickoff goes out of bounds inside both goal lines and is not touched by the receiving team, the ball is attributed to the receiving team 30 yards from the spot of the kick or where the ball went out of bounds, unless the ball went out of bounds for the first time when the "own kick" was kicked. In this case, the kicker is penalized 5 yards for kicking the ball again.

6. If a kickoff goes out of bounds inside both goal lines but is touched by the receiving team, the ball is awarded to the receiving team where it went out of bounds.

7. If the kicking team's kickoff is illegally kicked over the boundary line, or if a short free kick is taken on two or more consecutive own-goal kicks, the receiving team is given possession of the ball at the spot of the dead ball, or where the ball went out of bounds, or at the spot of the illegal touchback.

Safety points

1. Another type of free kick, other than a kick-off, is a kick following a safety point. A prancing kick may be used (whereas a prancing kick is not used in a kickoff).

2. In kicking a safety, a team may score points by taking an aerial kick, a throw-in (meaning a throw-up kick that bounces off the ground), and a place kick with no pads. Points cannot be scored by kicking a free kick after a safety, even if a series of penalties puts the team in that situation. (A goal can only be scored by kicking a free kick after a scrum or legal catch.)

(VII) Fair Catch Kick

After a legal catch, the receiving team has the option of kicking off; or kicking a "Fair Catch Kick" at the line of scrimmage 10 yards away from the line of scrimmage to score a goal. All general rules apply when scrimmage kicks are scored on a target. The clock starts at the time of the kick (no pads allowed).

Fouls at the end of a half or full court ball

1. Foul by the defense, if penalty is accepted, touchdown restarted

2. Foul by the offense, touchdown not restarted, touchdown nullified

Exception: catching the ball, foul after possession conversion, no legal contact, offense does not score.

Foul Points

1. Four Basic Foul Points:

(a) Where the foul was committed

(b) Pre-foul point: where the ball was kicked off

(c) Where the ball was scrimmaged, backward passed, or fumbled; and where the foul penalty was penalized

(d) Consecutive Points: if the ball is advanced again during the course of a blown penalty, the kick-off is the blown penalty point.

2. A foul by the offense behind the line of scrimmage (other than at a touchdown) is a penalty for kicking off at the previous tee, and if the ball is in the touchdown zone, it is a safety.

3. Fouls behind the line of scrimmage by the defense with the ball in their possession or unreasonable use of their hands are penalized at the line of scrimmage if the foul is committed beyond the line of scrimmage.

Double Fouls

1. If a double foul is committed at the time of the exchange of possession, the team that was not last in possession before the exchange gets the ball.

2. If a double foul is committed after the exchange, the defending team gets the ball at the spot of the foul or at the dead ball.

3. If one of the double fouls is a disqualification, the fouled player must be penalized, but there is no further yardage penalty.

4. The kicker is fouled before the exchange of possession, the receiver is fouled after the exchange and the receiver scores.

5. When a team goes down for a score, scores a field goal, an extra point or a safety, and a player of the other team commits a foul, is penalized with a no-player penalty, or acts unreasonably in going down, a penalty is assessed at the kickoff.