How did Chinese characters develop and evolve?

Chinese characters have a historical process of development and evolution for thousands of years, which is roughly as follows: before the Shang Dynasty, it was the history of origin, and the Oracle bone inscriptions in the Yin Dynasty were mature.

Since then, a series of changes have taken place, especially in the Han Dynasty, when official script replaced Xiao Zhuan as the main font, and the development history of China characters broke away from the ancient writing stage and entered the official script stage.

Regular script has been basically shaped since Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, it was converted into "Song Zi" by American 7A68696416FE59EE7A943133343663, and was later imitated by Song Zi, which is roughly the font we use today.

There are many languages of ethnic minorities, and the types of development are different. In the long years, people of all ethnic groups have created the excellent written culture of the motherland.

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Words used in history:

1, Oracle Bone Inscriptions

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest and most complete ancient script discovered by China. Oracle Bone Inscriptions mainly refers to the Oracle Bone Inscriptions of Yin Ruins, also known as "Yin Ruins Characters" and "Yin Qi", written on the bones of tortoise shells and beasts in Shang Dynasty.

65438+ was discovered in Yin Ruins in Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan at the end of 2009. It inherited Wen Tao's word-making method and was carved (or written) on tortoise shells and animal bones by the royal family in the late Shang Dynasty (14 ~1century) in China.

After the demise of Shang Dynasty and the rise of Zhou Dynasty, Oracle Bone Inscriptions continued to be used for some time.

2. Jinwen

The bronze inscriptions on Yin and Zhou bronzes are also called Zhong Dingwen. Shang and Zhou Dynasties were the bronze age, with the tripod as the representative ritual vessel and the bell as the representative musical instrument. "Zhong Ding" was synonymous with bronze ware. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

China entered the Bronze Age in Xia Dynasty, and the technology of copper smelting and bronze ware manufacturing was very developed. Because copper was also called gold a week ago, the inscriptions on bronzes were called "bronze inscriptions" or "auspicious words"; This bronze ware was called "Zhong Dingwen" in the past because it had the largest number of characters on Zhong Ding.

The application time of bronze inscriptions is about 1200 years, from the early Shang Dynasty to the Qin Dynasty's destruction of the Six Kingdoms. According to Rong Geng's Jin Wen Bian, there are 3,722 inscriptions, of which 2,420 can be identified.

3. Xiao zhuan

After Qin Shihuang unified China (22 1 year ago), Xiao Zhuan implemented the policy of "the words are the same, the cars are the same", and unified measurement is responsible. On the basis of the original script of the Qin Dynasty's Da Zhuan, it was simplified, and the variant characters of the other six countries were cancelled, creating a unified writing form of Chinese characters.

It was popular in China until the end of the Western Han Dynasty (about 8 AD) and was gradually replaced by official script. But because of its beautiful font, it has always been favored by calligraphers.

Because of its complex strokes and simple form, it is possible to add twists and turns and seal cutting at will, especially the official seal that needs anti-counterfeiting. Seal script was always used until the collapse of feudal dynasty and the emergence of modern new anti-counterfeiting technology.

Baidu Encyclopedia-History of Chinese Characters in China

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Chinese characters mainly come from recordable pictographs, which are the basis of the formation and development of Chinese character system. Later, it evolved for thousands of years, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, seal script, official script, regular script, cursive script and running script. Regular script has been widely used so far, but it has not been completely finalized.

According to the ancient documents of China, the main branches and related records were invented in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. In the later inheritance, the name of the dry branch was simplified to one word in the era of the Yellow Emperor.

There are comparative records in Shiji and Erya, but the versions of Shiji and Erya are different. Invention numbers: zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, twenty, thirty, thirty, one hundred, one thousand and ten thousand.

Legend has it that Cang Xie created Chinese characters. Cang Xie inspired, classified, collected, sorted out and utilized the footprints of birds and animals recorded in Shuo Wen Jie Zi. 7a68696416fe58685e5aeb9313334331343731played an important role in the creation of Chinese characters, and was known as the "sage of word creation".

Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the earliest known mature Chinese character, appeared in Shang Dynasty, and Zhong Dingwen appeared later. Although the number of words increased, it did not change much.

Due to the vast territory of the Zhou Dynasty and the long-term separatist regime, Chinese characters obviously showed abnormal characters among vassal States at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, especially during the Warring States Period. In order to consolidate the rule after the unification of Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang ordered Prime Ministers Lisi, CZ Zhao Gao and Taishi Hu Wujing to sort out the characters, and based on the big seal script of Qin State, made the small seal script as the national standard font.

Later, according to the popular fonts at that time, a simpler font official script was compiled, which was widely circulated throughout the country as a common word.

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The earliest mature script discovered by China was once thought to be Oracle Bone Inscriptions. As far as the written materials in the Yin and Shang Dynasties are concerned, there are many kinds of written carriers. At that time, in addition to writing on simple books with a brush, other main means were carved on tortoise shells, pottery, jade and bronze.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronze ritual vessels used in Yin Ruins in Shang Dynasty are the main carriers. Among the unearthed Oracle bones, there are 4,672 words, of which more than 1000 words have been known by scholars, but only a part of the Shang dynasty words have been preserved and named Oracle Bone Inscriptions, a unique discipline-Oracle bones.

Chinese characters are an important tool to carry culture. At present, there are a large number of ancient books written in Chinese characters. Different dialects and even languages use Chinese characters as their writing system.

In ancient Japan, Korean Peninsula, Vietnam, Ryukyu Islands and Lanfang Republic of Borneo, Chinese characters were once the only system of official documents in that country, so Chinese characters played an important role in the spread and sharing of civilization in history.