It is my pleasure to answer your question.

Professionally, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by a variety of etiological factors, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and caused by defective insulin secretion or action.

It is generally believed that diabetes is related to a variety of factors such as genetics, environment, living habits, dietary structure, and activity patterns.

I know too specialized, and listen to me slowly explain to you the medical knowledge.

1. A few prerequisites to know

①Relationship between glucose, glycogen, blood and cells.

We all know that carbon hydrate is the body's main source of energy, part of which is digested and broken down into glucose to provide the body with energy, and part of which is stored in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscles to be ready to go when there is a shortage of energy.

So how does sugar specifically move around in our bodies?

Generally, dietary carbohydrates and glycogen are broken down into glucose, which is then transported throughout the body by the bloodstream to keep all parts of the body functioning properly.

The blood carries glucose with it on its journey to every cell. Glucose is an important source of energy for cells, and most of the energy needed for all cellular activities comes from glucose.

The cell is also very good at living, it consumes some of the sugar to supply its daily life (food supplies sugar), and the portion it can't eat turns into the form of fat (a non-sugar substance), to be eaten or fattened up when it's hungry.

②The Role of Insulin

So how does our body know when to use glucose and when to use glycogen, non-sugar substances? It all depends on the organ called the pancreas.

The pancreas secretes two main hormones, glucagon and insulin. Glucagon promotes the conversion of non-sugar substances into glucose, and insulin regulates the supply of glucose to cells for energy.

One of them lowers sugar and the other raises it, with opposite effects. This works well to keep our blood sugar levels stable.

And we're going to focus on insulin today.

If we compare cells to plots, then insulin and glucose work so well together.

So, this further illustrates that the cell is a tell-tale eater, and for glucose to get into the cell, it has to have insulin, the security guard, to help open the door.

Insulin is the only hormone that lowers blood sugar. If the sugar can't get into the cells it stays in the bloodstream and the bloodstream becomes overloaded with sugar. This is also known as diabetes.

Then again, the reason people get diabetes is that they have too little insulin in their bodies?

Well, that's one of the things that happens with diabetes, but often, many times, it's not that simple. I'm going to teach something deeper next, so get ready.

2. 2 major types of diabetes

①Type I diabetes-onset in childhood

Some people suffer from an absolute lack of their own insulin secretion or lack of it due to factors such as defects in the immune system and heredity. sugar cannot enter the cells without difficulty and the blood sugar will remain over the limit.

This is what we call Type I diabetes, and this group of people need to rely on external help - insulin injections - for life to help the sugar enter the cells and complete the metabolism.

Type I diabetes accounts for a relatively small percentage of the total number of people with diabetes, about 5-10 percent, and it has the distinctive feature of early onset, usually in childhood or adolescence.

②Type II diabetes

This type of diabetes accounts for the largest proportion of the population of diabetic patients, the most complex condition, hidden and deeper.

There are three main protagonists in type II diabetes: glucagon-like polypeptide I (hereafter referred to as polypeptide I), islets in the pancreas, and insulin receptor, which we'll introduce one by one.

Though the names are long and difficult to understand, the dog will use analogies to popularize the next, so rest assured.

Scenario 1: Polypeptide I Doesn't Work

The pancreas produces insulin and is regulated by the body's hormone levels to organize its work. This hormone is called polypeptide 1, which is produced in our small intestine and tells the pancreas to start producing insulin if it notices a rise in blood sugar levels.

Unfortunately, if the small intestine doesn't produce polypeptide 1, there's no one to report high blood sugar, the pancreas doesn't tell the pancreas to produce insulin, and hyperglycemia occurs naturally.

Of course, this is a very absolute scenario, which occurs less often, and more often than not, the following scenario:

Scenario 2: Peptide 1 slacking off

The small intestine secreted the peptide 1 hormone as it normally does, but the messenger was distracted, neglected his duties, and slowed down to deliver the message, and this bad habit became contagious.

The next step in the process is for each of the players to work slowly, and for the pancreas to receive orders to secrete islets slowly, and for the secreted insulin to break down glucose slowly.

Well, because of their procrastination, blood glucose doesn't arrive in time when it needs insulin, and when it does it misses the optimal time, so blood glucose is like riding a roller coaster, either super high or super low.

Scenario 3: Problems with the pancreas

If in the process of glucose metabolism, polypeptide a punctual to the pancreas, the pancreas receives, began to notify the pancreas secretion of insulin. But the pancreatic islets have limited productivity and the quantity is not up to the mark.

With less insulin, a security guard, some of the sugar can't enter the cells smoothly and stays in the bloodstream, resulting in hyperglycemia, which is also a condition of type II diabetes.

Scenario 4: Problems with insulin receptors

Imaginatively speaking, this insulin receptor is the wife of the insulin security guard. Insulin to work properly, there must be insulin receptor with the cooperation to be able to, they are like a pair of loving couple, you have me, I have you.

If in the process of glucose metabolism, polypeptide a hormone normal work, pancreatic islets also normal secretion of insulin, but insulin's wife, insulin receptor problems. Then the impact is non-trivial.

In this way, insulin loses its proper function, and glucose is retained in the bloodstream in large quantities, so naturally high blood sugar occurs again.

These protagonists either malfunction on their own or in combination, and these are the basic pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

The choice of medication is different depending on the situation, so diabetics are not free to choose their own medication, much less add or subtract the amount of medication on their own .

For some people if there are several protagonists of the above collective slack, may also have to combine drugs.

I think I missed one more cause of morbidity, I heard that obesity can also lead to diabetes, why is that?

Yes, obesity does cause diabetes, and, if it is an adult obesity caused by diabetes, but also categorized as type II diabetes, the next dog will tell you how obesity leads to diabetes

3, the relationship between obesity and diabetes

Normal population, insulin and insulin receptors can combine easily and then exert their powerful catabolic abilities.

And obese people have thick fat cells in their bodies, which can prevent insulin and insulin receptors from binding, thus affecting their work.

Professional terminology called insulin insensitivity (insulin resistance)

However, our human body is also uphold the principle of something men bear, collectively blamed on insulin, the security guards do not work. （

So in order to meet the metabolic requirements, the islets in the pancreas must secrete many times more insulin than normal.

In other words, obese people need more insulin than normal people to utilize glucose properly.

In order to overcome insulin insensitivity (insulin resistance), the pancreas in the pancreas will secrete a large amount of insulin, resulting in obese people's blood insulin level is much higher than that of the average person, which is the so-called "hyperinsulinemia".

Early obesity can also through hyperinsulinemia to barely maintain blood glucose in the normal range, and then there may be due to excessive work, the pancreas synthesizes insulin function gradually fail, the generation of insulin is limited, and can not be lowered to the normal range of blood glucose.

Over time, the pancreas undergoes fatigue and eventually fails to adequately produce insulin, which results in diabetes.

The occurrence of diabetes caused by obesity after middle age is clinically common.

It can be seen that to stay away from diabetes, maintaining a healthy weight is very important.

What's so hard about that, can't you just lose weight? That way insulin and insulin receptors can bind properly!

Theoretically, yes, but if the process is too long, the pancreas will need to produce insulin at a high intensity until our body has successfully lost weight, which in itself is a huge detriment yikes!

In summary, the relationship between obesity and diabetes is as follows:

Well, the causes of diabetes are explained here, and I hope it will help you.